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67 Bernal Heights

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San Francisco Municipal Railway
Company typePublic transit agency
IndustryPublic transportation
FoundedDecember 28, 1912; 113 years ago (1912-12-28) in San Francisco, California, United States
Headquarters
San Francisco
,
United States
Area served
San Francisco, Daly City, Marin County
OwnerCity and County of San Francisco
ParentSan Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
Websitesfmta.com

The San Francisco Municipal Railway (commonly known as Muni) serves as the chief public transit provider within San Francisco, California. It operates under the jurisdiction of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, which is also responsible for overseeing the city's streets, parking facilities, and traffic control systems. In 2019, Muni ranked eighth nationwide in transit ridership, accommodating an average of 684,600 passengers on weekdays. Its service network spans the entire city, encompassing areas such as Treasure Island, and extends into sections of Daly City and Marin County.

Muni's system comprises seven light rail lines that form the Muni Metro network, alongside two streetcar routes (E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves) and three cable car lines. The daytime bus fleet operates 44 local routes, supplemented by five limited-stop "Rapid" services and 15 express routes during peak hours. Additional express buses provide connections to destinations like the Marin Headlands, major sports arenas including Oracle Park and the Chase Center, and offer early morning support for BART. Overnight service branded as "Owl" includes eight 24-hour routes, two exclusively night routes, three bus substitutions for Muni Metro lines during late hours, and five weekend early-morning replacements. Electric trolleybuses are utilized on fourteen local routes, one rapid line, and four Owl routes. The operational infrastructure consists of ten facilities: one cable car barn, three yards dedicated to light rail and streetcars, two garages for trolleybuses, and four bus garages.

Routes are identified by a combination of a number or letter with a street or landmark name (for instance, "19 Polk" or "N Judah"). Letter designations are assigned to light rail and streetcar lines, whereas bus routes carry numerical identifiers. This system traces back to Muni’s 1944 acquisition of the Market Street Railway. Cable car lines are uniquely named—Powell-Mason, Powell-Hyde, and California—and abbreviated as PM, PH, and C respectively.

Muni commenced operations on December 28, 1912, launching the "A Geary-Park" line that connected the Financial District with the Richmond District. The streetcar infrastructure expanded with key projects such as the Stockton Street Tunnel in 1914, Twin Peaks Tunnel in 1918, and Sunset Tunnel in 1928. Bus services began in 1917, followed by trolleybus introduction in 1941. The city's acquisition of Market Street Railway in 1944 effectively doubled Muni’s operational scope; later in 1952, purchasing the bankrupt California Street Cable Railroad established Muni as San Francisco’s exclusive transit operator. Mid-20th century saw most streetcars replaced by buses; however, five streetcar lines transitioned to Muni Metro light rail with the opening of the Market Street subway in 1980. Over time, numerous route modifications have shaped today’s transit map with several lines discontinued.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Muni initially curtailed service to essential routes before progressively restoring additional lines. As of July 2022, operations include six Muni Metro lines, one streetcar route, one bus replacement line for rail service, all three cable car routes, 43 local bus lines, four Rapid services, and three express routes—some operating under temporary adjustments. The overnight Owl network maintains twelve active routes along with one early-morning express service.

Cable car lines

All three cable car routes originate from the cable car barn located at Mason and Washington streets.

Muni cable car lines
Route Inbound terminal Outbound terminal Ridership
California (C) California and Market California and Van Ness 4,000
Powell-Hyde (PH) Powell and Market Hyde and Beach 7,800
Powell-Mason (PM) Taylor and Bay 5,100

Muni Metro and Historic Streetcar Services

San Francisco's Muni operates six light rail routes—J, K, L, M, N, and T—as well as the S Shuttle, which supplements subway capacity during peak periods and provides additional service for events at Oracle Park and Chase Center.

In addition to these, two heritage streetcar routes, E and F lines, function as complete transit services. The Muni Metro lines are maintained at the Green Division facility near Balboa Park station and at Muni Metro East, while the historic streetcars are housed at Cameron Beach Yard.

All lines remain operational except for the E Embarcadero line.[1]

Muni streetcar routes
Route Inbound Terminal Outbound Terminal
Template:MUNI legend Template:Munis
(Fisherman's Wharf)		 Template:Munis
(Caltrain Depot)
Template:MUNI legend Template:Munis
Template:MUNI legend Template:Munis Template:Munis
Template:MUNI legend
Template:MUNI legend Template:Munis
(SF Zoo)
Template:MUNI legend San Jose and Geneva
(Balboa Park)
Template:MUNI legend 4th and King
(Caltrain Depot)		 Template:Munis
(Ocean Beach)
Template:MUNI legend Embarcadero Template:Munis
Template:MUNI legend Template:Munis Template:Munis

Local Bus Network

The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency runs 44 local bus lines that generally operate throughout weekdays and weekends. Routes 41 and 88 are limited to weekday peak periods only. Several bus lines adjust their terminals during evenings or weekends. For example, Route 5 switches to trolleybus operation during evenings and weekends, while Route 9 utilizes articulated buses on weekends.

Legend for table annotations
† Electric trolleybus services
♦ Community-oriented routes with buses measuring 30–32 feet
^ Services employing 60-foot articulated buses
N Routes suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic
M Routes with altered service patterns amid the COVID-19 pandemic
... [table continues with similar formatting] ...
Muni local bus routes
Route Notes Inbound Terminal Outbound Terminal Ridership[2]
1 California † Clay and Drumm Geary and 33rd Avenue 23,500
2 Clement N Steuart and Market (Ferry Plaza) Clement and 14th Avenue (Park Presidio) 5,200
2 Sutter † California and Presidio
3 Jackson N † Sutter and Sansome Presidio and California 2,500
5 Fulton ^ Market and 7th Street (weekday daytime) Fulton and 6th Avenue (weekday daytime) 8,400
5 Fulton †^ Salesforce Transit Center (other times) Cabrillo and La Playa (other times)
6 Hayes/Parnassus † Hyde and Grove (Civic Center) Quintara and 14th Avenue 7,800
7 Haight/Noriega ^ Salesforce Transit Center Ortega and 48th Avenue 9,400
8 Bayshore ^ Kearny and North Point City College (Unity Plaza) 22,800
9 San Bruno ^[note 1] 11th Street and Market (weekday daytime)
Market and Steuart (Ferry Plaza) (other times)		 Bayshore and Arleta (weekday daytime)
McLaren School (other times)		 9,700


Rapid bus lines

On five corridors with high passenger volumes, rapid buses operate alongside local services, making fewer stops. These rapid routes generally mirror the paths of local buses, though some deviations occur; when the 5R and 9R are in service, the corresponding 5 and 9 routes have shortened runs. The 5R, 9R, and 28R operate solely on weekdays until 7 p.m., whereas the 14R and 38R run daily up to that time.

Muni rapid bus lines
Route Note Inbound terminal Outbound terminal Ridership
5R Fulton Rapid †^ Salesforce Transit Center Cabrillo and La Playa 12,900
9R San Bruno Rapid ^ Main and Mission Sunnydale and McLaren School 11,700
14R Mission Rapid ^ Mission and Main Daly City station 18,900
28R 19th Avenue Rapid M California and 6th Avenue Daly City station 4,500
38R Geary Rapid ^ Salesforce Transit Center Point Lobos and 48th Avenue 29,500

Express bus lines

Muni provides twelve express routes that link outlying neighborhoods with downtown during weekday peak periods, running only in the peak travel direction. The initial segments coincide with similarly numbered local routes; express portions travel non-stop along expressways or major arterial roads. Except for the paired routes 8AX and 8BX, buses return empty trips in the reverse direction. Eight express services feature 'A' and 'B' variants covering distinct local sections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all express routes except for 1X, 8AX, 8BX, 30X, and 78X were temporarily halted.

Muni express bus lines
Route Note Inbound terminal Outbound terminal Ridership
1X California Express ^ Davis and Pine (mornings)
Sacramento and Drumm (evenings)		 Geary and 33rd Avenue N/A
1AX California 'A' Express N ^ Davis and Pine Geary and 33rd Avenue 1,200
1BX California 'B' Express N ^ California and 6th Avenue 1,500
7X Noriega Express N ^ Market and Steuart (AM)
Main and Market (PM)		 Ortega and 48th Avenue 1,600
8AX Bayshore 'A' Express ^ Kearny and Pacific Geneva and Schwerin 5,800
8BX Bayshore 'B' Express ^ Kearny and North Point City College (Unity Plaza) 5,600
14X Mission Express N ^ Steuart and Mission (Ferry Plaza) Mission and San Jose 4,200
30X Marina Express ^ Howard and Spear Beach and Divisadero 2,000
31AX Balboa 'A' Express N Davis and Pine Cabrillo and La Playa 1,100
31BX Balboa 'B' Express N Balboa and Park Presidio 900
38AX Geary 'A' Express N Point Lobos and 48th Avenue 900
38BX Geary 'B' Express N Geary and 25th Avenue 1,000

Three express routes provide specialized transit: the weekend-only 76X serves recreational destinations in the Marin Headlands; the event-oriented routes 78X and 79X offer service to/from Chase Center before and after events.

Muni express bus lines with special service
Route Note Inbound terminal Outbound terminal

|- 

76X Marin Headlands Express||N||Sutter and Sansome||Fort Cronkhite (Marin Headlands)

|- 

78X 16th Street Arena Express||N ^||rowspan=2 | Chase Center||16th Street Mission station

|- 

79X Van Ness Arena Express||N||Van Ness and North Point

|} Two shorter-distance express lines link Caltrain's San Francisco terminal at Fourth & King Street with Market Street commercial areas during peak times only. The morning-only service is route 81X; both operate in the peak travel direction.

Route Note Inbound terminal Outbound terminal Ridership

|- 

81X Caltrain Express||N||Beale and Howard||San Francisco 4th and King Street station (Townsend & Fourth)||100

|- 

82X Levi Plaza Express||N||Sansome and Filbert (Levi's Plaza)||San Francisco 4th and King Street station (Townsend & Fourth)||500

Owl bus lines

Owl routes operate as overnight bus services running daily from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m., including holidays, and are integrated into the Bay Area's All Nighter network.

The 90 Owl route is a combination of the daytime 47 Van Ness and 9 San Bruno lines, whereas the 91 Owl merges elements of the K Ingleside, 8 Bayshore, T Third, 30 Stockton, and 28 19th Avenue routes. The Owl variants of the 5 Fulton, 24 Divisadero, 44 O'Shaughnessy, and 48 Quintara-24th Street lines are shortened versions compared to their daytime equivalents.

Route 714 belongs to the Early Bird Express program, providing limited service between 4 a.m. and 5 a.m. during the seismic retrofit work on the Transbay Tube.

The K, L, and N Owl buses substitute daytime light rail operations by running on surface streets with local stops instead of utilizing tunnels or subways. Additionally, the L Owl covers the daytime F-Market line corridor. Both L and N Owl services run throughout the night, while the K Owl operates limited early morning trips following subway closures.

Muni owl bus lines
Route Note Inbound terminal Outbound terminal
5 Fulton † Jones and McAllister Cabrillo and La Playa
14 Mission † Steuart and Mission Mission and San Jose
22 Fillmore † Fillmore and Bay Mission Bay North and Third Street
24 Divisadero † Divisadero and Sutter Cortland and Bayshore
25 Treasure Island Salesforce Transit Center 13th and Gateview (Treasure Island)
38 Geary Point Lobos and 48th Avenue
44 O'Shaughnessy Glen Park BART Hudson and Newhall
48 24th Street 22nd Street and Iowa Castro and 24th Street
90 San Bruno Owl Van Ness and North Point San Bruno and Bayshore
91 Third Street/19th Avenue Owl Holloway and 19th Avenue West Portal station
714 BART Early Bird ^ Salesforce Transit Center Daly City station
K Owl N Steuart and Mission Balboa Park station
L Owl Jones and Beach Wawona and 46th Avenue
N Owl 4th Street and Townsend Ocean Beach

Early morning lines

Beyond Owl service, buses operate weekend service across all Muni Metro lines from 5 a.m. until rail service resumes (6 a.m. on Saturdays, 8 a.m. on Sundays) to accommodate overnight subway maintenance. The early morning K, L, and N Bus routes differ slightly from their Owl counterparts by stopping exclusively at designated daytime light rail stations rather than local surface stops. Certain early morning routes are suspended entirely, while the L Bus follows its reduced daytime alignment.

Muni early morning streetcar lines
Route Note Inbound terminal Outbound terminal
J Church Bus Ferry Plaza
(Embarcadero station)		 Balboa Park station
K Ingleside Bus
L Taraval Bus M West Portal station Wawona and 46th Avenue
M Ocean View Bus Only if needed San Jose and Geneva
(Balboa Park)
N Judah Bus Townsend and 5th Street Ocean Beach
T Third Street Bus Bayshore and Sunnydale Stockton and Washington
(Chinatown station)
  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named core
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named srtp


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