Alstom Traxx

Alstom Traxx

Company type	Product line / Locomotive family
Industry	Rail transport / Locomotive manufacturing
Predecessor	Bombardier TRAXX
Founded	2000 (2000)
Founder	Bombardier Transportation
Fate	Acquired by Alstom in 2021
Successor	Alstom Traxx (expanded brand)
Headquarters	Mannheim, Kassel, Vado Ligure, Zürich Oerlikon , Germany, Italy, Switzerland
Area served	Europe, South Africa, Israel
Products	Electric and diesel-electric locomotives
Owner	Alstom

Alstom Traxx—previously known as Bombardier TRAXX until 2021—is a versatile family of mainline electric and diesel-electric locomotives initially manufactured by Bombardier Transportation and subsequently by Alstom. Engineered for both passenger and freight operations, the inaugural dual-voltage AC variant debuted for German railways in 2000. Later adaptations included DC and four-system models compatible with Europe’s principal electrification standards: 1.5 kV DC, 3 kV DC, 15 kV AC, and 25 kV AC. Diesel-powered versions were introduced in 2006. Standard characteristics encompass steel construction, two bogies each with two powered axles, asynchronous three-phase induction motors, roof-mounted cooling exhausts, and disc brakes on wheels.

The TRAXX name was established in 2003 as an acronym for Transnational Railway Applications with eXtreme fleXibility. Following Alstom’s acquisition of Bombardier Transportation in January 2021, ownership of the trademark transferred to Alstom. By mid-2023, Alstom expanded the Traxx brand to cover its entire locomotive portfolio, replacing the Prima brand and adopting the stylized spelling "Traxx."

While predominantly deployed by German rail operators, Traxx locomotives have also been procured by companies in France, Israel, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, Spain, Hungary, South Africa, and the Netherlands.

The development process took place at Bombardier’s facilities located in Mannheim (Germany), Zürich Oerlikon (Switzerland), and Vado Ligure (Italy). Final assembly occurs at Bombardier’s locomotive plants in Kassel (Germany) and Vado Ligure (Italy) for DC variants.

Development

AEG 12X and ABB Eco2000 platforms

Main article: DBAG Class 128

During the early 1990s, Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB), the West German federal railway operator, sought to replace its aging electric locomotive fleet with a single universal type. After successfully introducing the DB Class 120 equipped with three-phase asynchronous motors, DB issued a tender in 1991 for approximately 1000 upgraded locomotives designated DB Class 121. However, this procurement was canceled in October 1992 due to escalating costs and evolving operational requirements. The 1994 merger of Deutsche Bundesbahn with East Germany’s Deutsche Reichsbahn to form Deutsche Bahn resulted in inheriting over 600 modern DR Class 243 locomotives. This consolidation led to restructuring of rolling stock among regional passenger, long-distance passenger, and freight divisions, rendering the concept of a universal locomotive obsolete. From late 1993 onwards, Deutsche Bahn’s various business units issued new tenders tailored to their specific operational demands.

Among key contenders for the DB Class 121 contract were two predecessors of Bombardier Transportation: AEG Schienenfahrzeuge (then part of AEG under Daimler-Benz) and ABB Henschel (a division of ABB Group). Both companies integrated components into DB Class 120 prototypes from late 1991. AEG developed the experimental multi-purpose locomotive 12X, delivered in June 1994 and classified as Class 128 by DB despite remaining under AEG ownership. The 12X featured pioneering technologies including water-cooled inverters based on GTO thyristors, a novel final drive employing pivot axle bearings on both sides, and an innovative bogie design with a short 2,600 mm (102.4 in) wheelbase. Its modular architecture allowed multiple variants tailored to diverse operational requirements and formed AEG’s foundation for competing in Deutsche Bahn’s new locomotive orders.

Simultaneously, ABB created the modular Eco2000 platform incorporating its Flexifloat high-speed bogie family with a 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase. This platform utilized biodegradable ester-cooled GTO thyristor inverters alongside an ester-cooled main transformer. These design elements later influenced the inverter and transformer technology employed in first-generation TRAXX locomotives.

The 12X served as a technological testbed: it became the first locomotive worldwide fitted with IGBT-based converters in 1997 and trialed MITRAC traction control electronics starting in 1998. These advancements were subsequently integrated into production TRAXX models.

DBAG Class 145 family and Adtranz Octeon platform

Main article: DBAG Class 145 and 146

In November 1994, Deutsche Bahn awarded contracts to ABB and AEG: ABB was responsible for delivering 145 express locomotives for DB Fernverkehr (long-distance services), while AEG supplied eighty locomotives tailored for medium-weight freight operations under DB Cargo as DBAG Class 145.

The Class 145 represented a cost-reduced derivative of the earlier 12X design by replacing hollow-shaft drives with simpler axle-hung drives. In January 1996, ABB merged its rail division with Daimler-Benz’s into Adtranz. The finalized Class 145 design aligned more closely with DBAG Class 101 to maximize component commonality. Its ester-cooled inverters and main transformer were scaled-down versions derived from those used on Class 101 but optimized for lower power output; these allowed independent control of each bogie. The bogies themselves were based on ABB’s Flexifloat family but extended to a 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase. These shared features connected Class 145 to the Eco2000 locomotive lineage.

Adtranz delivered the initial Class 145 unit in July 1997. Seventeen identical locomotives were leased to private railway companies, while six units were produced for Switzerland’s MittelThurgauBahn.

In March 1998, Adtranz announced a consolidation strategy organizing its products into seven modular platforms. The electric locomotive platform named Octeon was derived from German models such as Classes 145 and 101. Designed to complement existing offerings rather than replace them outright, Octeon was applied internationally—for example on Italy’s FS Class E464 and the heavy-haul Iore locomotives—utilizing ABB’s water-cooled Camilla GTO thyristor converters as successors to oil-cooled units found on Swiss Re460 locomotives. The Octeon brand was discontinued after Bombardier acquired Adtranz in 2001.

Between 2000 and 2002, a passenger variant of Class 145 featuring hollow shaft drives and capable of speeds up to 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph) was produced for DB Regio service as DBAG Class 146.0. This version incorporated a redesigned front end accommodating flip-disc destination displays.

Although production of Class 145 ceased prior to Bombardier’s acquisition of Adtranz in mid-2001—and Class 146.0 production ended before introduction of the TRAXX brand in 2003—Bombardier later incorporated these classes into its TRAXX portfolio: Class 145 as TRAXX F140 AC and Class146.0 as TRAXX P160 AC. Meanwhile, ongoing production of FS Class E464 was designated TRAXX P160 DCP; Iore class units carried TRAXX H80 AC labels; however, post-2007 documentation excluded these from official TRAXX classification.

DBAG Class185 family within Bombardier TRAXX platform

In July1998 Adtranz secured an order for400 DBAGClass185 locomotives intended primarily for medium-weight freight traffic across borders—also known as Europalok. This model retained key components from Class145 such as running gear and axle-hung traction motors but introduced enhancements including dual-voltage electronics supporting multiple train protection systems across Europe and a lowered roof profile conforming to UIC505-1 loading gauge restrictions.

Following Bombardier’s acquisition of Adtranz in2001,the company expanded theClass185 into a modular family incorporating private railway variantsand passenger models like DBAGClass146.1. InMay2003,Bombardier secured an order from Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) for a quadruple-voltage version.

InSeptember2003,Bombardier officially branded theClass185 family as TRAXX, an acronym meaning Transnational Railway Applications with eXtreme fleXibility. This naming convention categorizes locomotives by intended useand technical specifications: 'F' denotes freight service,'P' indicates passenger use; followed by maximum speed expressed inkm/h; electrical systems are identified as 'AC' (alternating current),'DC' (direct current),'MS' (multi-system), or 'DE' (diesel-electric planned). Additional suffixes specify particular features or versions.

Under this schema,theDBAGClass185 is labeled TRAXXF140AC,theDBAGClass146.1 becomes TRAXXP160AC,andtheSBB quadruple-system variant is designated TRAXXF140MS. WiththeintroductionofTRAXX2 models,theoriginal serieswasrenamed TRAXX1,appending '1'to first-generationlocomotives still manufactured.

TRAXX 2 and TRAXX 2E platforms

In 2004, the TRAXX series experienced a significant redesign, featuring a revamped carbody and front end to comply with updated crashworthiness criteria. The older GTO thyristor inverters were replaced by advanced IGBT based inverters. An option for individual axle control was introduced, replacing the previous bogie control system. Cooling methods for both inverters and the main transformer transitioned from ester-based fluids to water cooling. The carbody design was standardized to accommodate a flip-disc display mounted above the windshield, shielded by a non-structural hood on freight variants. Reinforcements were added to the bogie frame to support axle loads up to 22 tons. This updated generation is referred to as the TRAXX 2 platform and sometimes includes a "2" suffix in its model designations.

By 2006, the platform was further modified to produce the first Diesel-electric variant, harmonizing the configurations of Diesel and electric models. In electric versions, the space initially allocated for a central diesel engine was repurposed to house the AC transformer or DC chokes, which are installed on a horizontal plate integrated into the main frame. This evolution led to the TRAXX 2E platform, which introduced the inaugural DC versions of TRAXX locomotives. Production of AC TRAXX 2 models continued concurrently with the 2E series.

Traxx Africa

In March 2014, Transnet placed an order for 240 dual-voltage Traxx Africa locomotives to be produced domestically in South Africa. The first locomotive was delivered in December 2017, commencing revenue operations in early 2018. By December 2020, Transnet had received and commissioned 56 Traxx Africa units for active service.

Production

The primary assembly and testing of Traxx locomotives occur at Alstom’s (formerly Bombardier) facility located in Kassel, Germany. Models designed exclusively for DC operation are assembled at Vado Ligure, Italy. Additionally, some Renfe Class 253 locomotives are constructed by Renfe at its workshop in Villaverde (Madrid).

Major components are procured from various specialized production sites:

• Traction and auxiliary converters: Alstom facilities in Mannheim and Trapaga, Spain
• Bogie manufacturing: Alstom plant in Siegen
• Driver control desks: Alstom locations in Hennigsdorf and Kassel
• Car bodies and frames: Alstom factory in Wrocław (Poland)
• Cooling system parts: Behr GmbH & Co based in Stuttgart
• Brake systems: Knorr-Bremse headquarters in Munich
• Transformers: ABB Sécheron in Geneva (Switzerland)
• Climate control units: Liebherr facility in Korneuburg (Austria)

TRAXX F140 AC

The TRAXX F140 AC is engineered for operation under AC overhead power lines, compatible with both 15 kV/16.7 Hz and 25 kV/50 Hz systems. It comes pre-equipped for integration with future ETCS/ERTMS signaling and safety technologies.

From 2001 through 2003, a total of 200 units were built for Deutsche Bahn, initially classified as DBAG Class 185 and later reclassified as DBAG Class 185.1 following the introduction of the TRAXX F140 AC2 variant. An additional batch of 57 locomotives was produced for European leasing firms, identified within Germany as Class 185.5.

The Swiss Federal Railways freight operator, SBB Cargo, runs 35 units designated as SBB Re482, while Swiss private railway BLS AG operates 20 units known as BLS Re485. These Swiss variants include modifications such as extra pantographs fitted with smaller contact strips adapted for Swiss catenary systems and incorporate safety systems specific to Switzerland alongside German standards.

TRAXX P140 AC

In Luxembourg, the national railway company CFL operates a fleet of 20 TRAXX P140 AC locomotives.

TRAXX P160 AC

The TRAXX P160 AC model is designed for passenger service and offers a maximum speed of 160 km/h. It incorporates hollow shaft final drive technology, which lowers the unsprung mass compared to the 140 km/h models. Its bogies and drive components are identical to those used in the DBAG Class 146.

Within Germany, DB Regio purchased 32 units between 2003 and 2005, classified as DBAG Class 146.1. Furthermore, Landesnahverkehrsgesellschaft Niedersachsen mbH (LNVG) in Hannover holds 10 units that are leased to metronom, operating under the name ME146.

TRAXX F140 AC2

The inaugural AC locomotive of the TRAXX 2 series was the demonstrator 185 561, delivered in May 2004. This model featured enhanced crash protection and water-cooled IGBT inverters. Another prototype, 185 568, was utilized for testing on the HSL-Zuid (2006) and for trials involving the ETCS system before being sold to private operators.

Out of the total 400 Class 185 freight locomotives ordered by DB Cargo, half were F140 AC2 variants designated as DBAG Class 185.2. This order represented the main production run at Bombardier's Kassel facility, effectively marking the conclusion of manufacturing for the original F140 AC model. These locomotives are operated by SBB Cargo under the designation Re482.2.

TRAXX P160 AC2

The passenger-oriented TRAXX P160 AC2 incorporates similar advancements found in the freight F140 AC2 version. Between 2005 and 2006, DB Regio received 47 units labeled as Class 146.2, which replaced the earlier Class 146. Additional smaller orders were placed by metronom through LNVG. On January 12, 2011, DB Fernverkehr placed an order for 27 more Class 146.2 locomotives intended for Intercity services, with deliveries commencing in December 2013.

TRAXX P160 AC3

Bombardier unveiled the third generation TRAXX with a modernized exterior design in 2012. The first batch of TRAXX AC3 locomotives (Class 147.5) was delivered to DB Fernverkehr in 2018, totaling 17 units. However, a second batch was declined in 2019 due to software complications. These locomotives power IC2 train sets and are also operated by DB Regio under Class 147 classification. The TRAXX AC3 offers a power output of 5.6 MW and reaches speeds up to 160 km/h.

Operators and leasing companies

As of 2010, production of the AC2 variants remained active, fulfilling orders such as those from MÁV, which commissioned 25 units with an option for an additional 25 P160 AC2 locomotives.

rowspan=5 |TRAXX P160 AC2 DB Regio 47 2005–2006 146.2 DB Fernverkehr 27 2013–2014 146.2 MÁV 25 2011–2012 480 001-025 LNVG 17 2005–2007 ME146/2 Procured for operation by metronom railway in Germany. Connex Group / Veolia 4 2006 146.5 Initially supplied to Nord-Ostsee-Bahn; subsequently transferred to Veolia Deutschland for both passenger and freight use. rowspan=1 |TRAXX P160 AC3 Israel Railways 62 From 2017 Ordered in 2015 for operation on 25 kV 50 Hz AC networks with a power output of approximately 6 MW; initial deliveries began in 2017.

Type	Operator	Quantity	Delivery Period	Class	Remarks
TRAXX F140 AC	DB Cargo (formerly Railion, now DB Schenker)	200	2001–2003	185.1	Part of a total order of 400 units; subsequent deliveries were made as TRAXX F140 AC2 (Class 185.2). Some equipped for cross-border traffic into Switzerland, Austria, and France.
	SBB Cargo	35	2002–2003	Re482
	BLS AG	20	2002-2004, 2006	Re485	Ordered originally by BLS Lötschbergbahn AG; includes additional units following company merger forming BLS AG.
	CB Rail	3		185.5	Leasing firm; all units leased to Veolia Cargo Deutschland.
	Alpha Trains	34		185.5	Leasing company.
	MRCE	11		185.5	Leasing company; some locomotives equipped for operation in France.
	Rail4Chem	8		185.5
	ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft	1		185.5
TRAXX P140 AC	CFL	20		4000	Designed for both passenger and freight duties; maximum speed of 140 km/h; configured for passenger train requirements.
TRAXX P160 AC	DB Regio	32	2003–2005	146.1
	LNVG	10		ME146	Leased to metronom railway operator.
TRAXX F140 AC2	Railion / DB Schenker	199	From 2004 onwards	185.2	Units delivered bearing DB logistics and later DB Schenker branding; some adapted for operations between Sweden and Denmark.
	SBB Cargo	15	2006	Re482.2	Used in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria; includes a second-hand demonstrator locomotive.
	MRCE	11	2005/6	185.2	Deployed across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
	Alpha Trains	25+	From 2006	185.2	Leasing provider serving clients including HGK; primarily operates within Germany–Austria–Switzerland corridor as well as Hungary.
		10	2009	CE119 or El 19	Leased to CargoNet for service in Norway and Sweden.
	CBRail	16	2007–2009	241	Leasing and finance company with customers such as HGK.
	HectorRail	10	2007–2009	241	Operates routes in Sweden, Denmark, and Germany; fleet includes former ETCS test locomotive.
	ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft	1	2005	185.5	Services in Germany and Austria.
	Green Cargo	22	2010	Re	Sixteen units assigned to central-northern Sweden routes; six units operate Germany-Sweden via Denmark services.
	Other operators (Orders ongoing as of 2009)	17	From 2007 onwards		Includes orders from hvle, Eurocom (Hungary), and Beacon Rail leasing companies.

TRAXX F140 MS

The inaugural multi-system TRAXX locomotive capable of operating under both AC and DC overhead lines was SBB Re484 001, introduced alongside the F140 AC2 prototype 185 561. It was engineered to function with 15 kV/16.7 Hz and 25 kV/50 Hz AC, as well as 3 kV DC electrification; subsequent iterations incorporated compatibility with 1.5 kV DC. This SBB model marked the first TRAXX series to feature individual axle control. Bombardier assigned the designation TRAXX F140 MS to this type.

Apart from adjustments to pantographs and electrical components required for DC operation, the F140 MS shares many characteristics with dual-voltage variants. When operating on 1.5 kV DC, its power output is restricted to 4.0 MW, while maximum tractive effort remains unaffected. The inclusion of extra equipment adds approximately one tonne to its overall mass.

Developed for international service, the support for both 1.5 kV and 3 kV DC systems enables deployment in countries such as Poland and Italy. Delivered units mainly operate routes into Switzerland and Italy, equipped with either Italian SCMT or ETCS safety technology.

After 2006, production expanded to serve markets in Benelux, France, Poland, and Swiss-Italian corridors. In Poland, locomotives operated by PKP Cargo carry the class EU43—a designation originally intended for what evolved into Italy's FS Class E.412. Units leased from Alpha Trains to SNCB are classified as SNCB Class 28.

In July 2018, Bombardier introduced the third-generation multi-system TRAXX locomotive, the MS3. This model maintains compatibility with four electrification systems while adding an onboard diesel engine for short stretches without electrification.

Type	Operator	Quantity	Delivery Period	Class	Remarks
TRAXX F140 MS	SBB Cargo	18+3	2004–2006	Re484	Initial multi-system batch; equipped with Swiss and Italian safety systems, later upgraded to ETCS and SCMT.
	MRCE	5	2006	Re484	Leased units homologated exclusively for Italian and Swiss networks.
TRAXX F140 MS2 (post-2006 variant)	Alpha Trains	105	Since 2006	E 186 / EU43 (PL) / SNCB Class 28 (BE)	Leased locomotives certified for routes across NL/DE/AT/CH/IT or DE/PL; some approved for speeds up to 160 km/h on HSL-Zuid. Six units leased long-term to PKP Cargo as EU43.
	CBrail	35	From 2007	E 186	Leasing fleet designed for German access to Benelux, Poland, or Italy.
	EuroCargoRail	20	Since 2008	E 186	Operating in France and Germany via Belgium.
	BLS Cargo	10	From 2008	Re484	Assigned to transalpine services through Italy/Austria/Switzerland/Germany.
	Nederlandse Spoorwegen	45	Since 2015	E 186	Used in the Netherlands (Intercity Service and HSL-Zuid) and Belgium.
	'Various Operators'	30+	From 2008/9 onwards		"ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft" (2 units), "Veolia" (6 units), "Railpool" (20+ units on order).

|-

|rowspan=4 |TRAXX MS3 
|TX Logistik 
|40 
| 
| 
|Ordered in July 2018 with options for an additional 25 units. 
|- 
|Akiem 
|10 
| 
| 
|Order placed in July 2018. 
|- 
|ČD Cargo 
|10 
| 
|Class 388 
|Ordered August 2018 with options for another 40 locomotives. 
|- 
|RegioJet 
|13 
| 
| 
|Order from February 2023; will become the largest TRAXX MS3 operator upon delivery. 

|}

TRAXX DC Variants

Following the completion of the TRAXX F140 MS by Bombardier, a more economical single-voltage DC model was created by eliminating the AC components. In 2005, Alpha Trains placed an order for 10 DC electric locomotives, with the initial unit, E483 001, manufactured in August 2006 at Bombardier's Kassel facility.

Subsequent production shifted to Bombardier’s Vado Ligure plant in Italy, which serves as the designated manufacturing center for TRAXX DC locomotives.

The TRAXX F140 DC is lighter compared to its AC equivalents due to the exclusion of the bulky high-voltage transformer needed for 15 kV AC systems. Constructed according to TRAXX family standards but outfitted exclusively for 3 kV DC operation, these locomotives primarily operate in Italy, Spain, and Poland and offer the possibility of conversion to multi-system functionality if required.

Renfe Mercancías commissioned 100 locomotives (classified as RENFE Class 253) intended for freight duties; notably, these are the inaugural TRAXX models built for Iberian gauge tracks. Trenitalia also procured 42 freight locomotives capable of reaching speeds up to 160 km/h.

Type	Operator	Quantity	Delivery Period	Class	Remarks
TRAXX F140 DC	Alpha Trains	20	2006-7, 2009	E483	Leasing fleet
	Various Italian operators	19	2008-2012	E483 series	Includes Nordcargo (DB Schenker Rail), Ferrovia Emilia Romagna, Sistemi Territoriali, GTS, APS Savona; all operating within Italy.
TRAXX F140 DC Iberian gauge	Renfe Operadora	100	2007–2010	RENFE Class 253	55 units produced at Vado Ligure; remaining 45 assembled in Villaverde (Madrid). Features comprise roof-mounted air conditioning and headlights positioned above cab windows.
	COMSA Rail Transport	3	2009	RENFE Class 253	Manufactured at Vado Ligure and delivered in Spain.
TRAXX F160 DC	Trenitalia (Mercitalia)	42	2017	E483 series	Freight locomotives with a maximum speed of 160 km/h.
TRAXX P160 DC	Koleje Mazowieckie	11	2011	E583	Engineered for push-pull operation alongside Bombardier Double-deck Coaches.

TRAXX Diesel Models

The diesel iteration within the TRAXX series debuted as the 2E version. It is powered by a 2.2 MW MTU 16V 4000 R41L engine, with its fuel tank located where electric variants house the transformer. Diesel and electric TRAXX locomotives share identical driver cabs, control panels, chassis, bogies, and drivetrain components. The maximum tractive force is marginally lowered to 270 kN due to the reduced power output of the diesel engine.

The first diesel passenger order (Class 246, known as Bombardier's TRAXX P160 DE) was placed by metronom through leasing company LNVG to serve non-electrified routes. Eleven units were ordered in 2005 and delivered by 2007, with initial certification models constructed in 2006.

Leasing firm CBrail became the inaugural freight customer for Class 285 (TRAXX F140 DE), ordering ten units in 2006; deliveries commenced mid-2007 and certification was finalized by 2008. On December 5, 2008, SNCF Fret signed a €160 million contract for 45 TRAXX F140 DE locomotives (designated SNCF Class BB 476000), including an option for an additional 35 units.

In April 2011, DB Regio awarded Bombardier a framework contract valued at €600 million for up to 200 Traxx DE Multi-Engine locomotives. The initial delivery of 20 units began in mid-2013 at a cost of €62 million. These genset locomotives incorporate four diesel engines rated at 540 kW each that can be individually shut down when not required to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

Type	Operator	Quantity	Delivery Period	Class	Remarks
TRAXX P160 DE	LNVG	11	2007	246	Operated by metronom
TRAXX F140 DE	CBrail	10	2008	285	Leasing company; includes operators such as HVLE, ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft
	Akiem /SNCF	45		SNCF BB 476000	Order totals 80 units; last 35 optional.
TRAXX DE ME	DB Regio	23	2013 onward	245	Framework agreement includes options up to 200 units.
TRAXX DE ME	DB Fernverkehr	7	2016	245	Part of DB Regio’s framework contract.

TRAXX dual-mode variant

On 10 May 2011, Bombardier unveiled the TRAXX electro-diesel version known as "Last Mile Diesel," which integrates conventional AC electric traction with a diesel engine intended for light-duty operations on non-electrified sidings and yards. This model capitalized on Bombardier's expertise gained from the ALP-45DP project. The initial procurement comprised five locomotives ordered by Railpool in late 2010.

See also

Several locomotives produced by Bombardier share either technical characteristics or development heritage with the TRAXX series:

• DBAG Class 101 – An express locomotive commissioned by ABB featuring electronics akin to early TRAXX variants
• FS Class E412 – A DC locomotive manufactured at Vado Ligure, representing the first unit in the Eco2000 family
• FS Class E464 – A single-cab Italian locomotive also assembled at Vado Ligure
• Iore – A heavy-haul, twin-section locomotive equipped with three axles per bogie and an axle load of 30 tonnes
• AVE Class 102 – Talgo350 high-speed trainsets for Renfe, powered by Adtranz/Bombardier consortium-designed powerheads
• ALP-46 – Derived from DBAG Class 101, built specifically for New Jersey Transit
• ALP-46A – NJ Transit’s variant combining features of ALP-46 and TRAXX 2E
• ALP-45DP electro-diesel – Designed for Montreal’s AMT and NJ Transit, based on the ALP-46A platform
• List of České dráhy locomotive classes

Sources

• Bombardier Transportation bombardier.com
• Railcolor - modern locomotive Power! railcolor.net

External links

• Drehstromloks.de - Extensive resource covering TRAXX and other Neubaulok series (German)
• High-resolution gallery of the TRAXX family @ Trainspo