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China Railway CRH1

From Alfawiki
Bombardier Sifang Power Transportation
Company typeJoint venture
IndustryRail transport manufacturing
FounderBombardier Transportation and CSR Sifang
Headquarters
Qingdao
,
China
ProductsHigh-speed trains (CRH1 EMU series)
ParentBombardier Transportation and CSR Sifang (joint venture partners)

{{Infobox EMU | name = China Railway CRH1 EMU | image = 201708 CRH1A-1140 at Xiamen Station.jpg | caption = CRH1A at Xiamen railway station | background = #1E3A91 | service = Since 1 February 2007 | manufacturer = Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd.
(a joint venture of Bombardier Transportation and CSR Sifang) | family = Regina, Zefiro | numberbuilt = CRH1A: 128 trainsets (1024 cars)
CRH1A–A: 87 trainsets (696 cars)
CRH1B: 24 trainsets (384 cars)
CRH1E: 15 trainsets (240 cars)
CRH1E–NG: 5 trainsets (80 cars)
CRH380D: 85 trainsets (680 cars) | formation = CRH1A/A–A: eight-car sets (5M3T)
CRH1B/E/E–NG: sixteen-car sets (10M6T)
CRH380D: eight-car sets (4M4T) | capacity = CRH1A: 668 or 611 or 646 or 635 seats
CRH1A–A: 613 seats
CRH1B: 1299 seats
CRH1E/E–NG: 618 or 642 seats
CRH380D: 495 seats | numberscrapped = One trainset (4 cars) due to derailment | replaced = X 2000, DJJ1, DJF2 | successor = CR300AF, CR300BF | operator = China Railway
- CR Guangzhou
- CR Shanghai
- CR Nanchang
- CR Chengdu | lines = High-speed and major conventional rail routes across southern China | carbody = CRH1A/B/E: Stainless steel
CRH1A–A/E–NG/380D: Aluminum alloy | trainlength = CRH1A:
CRH1A–A:
CRH1B:
CRH1E:
CRH1E–NG:
CRH380D: | weight = CRH1A/A–A:
CRH1B:
CRH1E/E–NG:
CRH380D: | platformheight = | maxspeed = CRH1A: or
CRH1A–A/B/E/E–NG:
CRH380D: | traction = Water cooling IGBT-VVVF inverter control system (Bombardier MITRAC 1000) | traction motors = Three-phase AC induction motors (Bombardier DR-1200 for CRH1A, DR-1500 for CRH1B/E) | poweroutput = CRH1A:
CRH1A–A:
CRH1B/E/E–NG:
CRH380D: | transmission = AC-DC-AC | acceleration = CRH1A/B/E: Maximum
CRH380D: |} The CRH1 electric multiple unit (EMU), commonly referred to as Hexie (和谐号, meaning Harmony), is a high-speed rail train operated by China Railway. It is produced by Bombardier Sifang Power Transportation, a collaborative enterprise between Bombardier Transportation and Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock based in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.

Alongside the Shinkansen-inspired CRH2 and the Pendolino-based CRH5, the Chinese Ministry of Railways initially acquired twenty eight-car CRH1A trainsets in June 2007. Each set accommodates roughly 670 passengers, with the contract valued at €560 million. Later, in July 2010, an order was placed for forty additional eight-car CRH1A units, further expanding Bombardier’s presence within China’s high-speed rail sector.

CRH1A

The CRH1A and CRH1B models trace their design lineage to Bombardier's Regina series. This train was co-developed by Sifang and Bombardier’s Västerås facility in Sweden, originally designated as C2008.

Each CRH1A consists of eight coaches. The initial batch (numbered CRH1-001A through CRH1-040A) included two first-class coaches (ZY), five second-class coaches (ZE), and one second-class coach combined with a dining area (ZEC). The subsequent batch (from CRH1-081A to CRH1-120A) was configured with two first-class coaches (ZY), one mixed first/second-class coach (ZYE), four second-class coaches (ZE), plus a second-class coach/dining car (ZEC). Although engineered for a peak speed of , operational software limited the initial forty sets to .

Delivery of the first trains occurred on August 30, 2006, with commercial service commencing February 1, 2007, on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway. Some passenger complaints arose regarding ear discomfort when passing through tunnels due to the stainless steel construction, along with fixed seating that does not swivel—resulting in half the passengers traveling facing backward. Nonetheless, fixed seats permit increased passenger capacity.

In July 2010, the Ministry of Railways placed an additional order for forty more CRH1As featuring an enhanced maximum operating speed of . During September 2010 testing on the Qinshen Passenger Dedicated Line, unit CRH1-081A reached a top speed of .

Starting July 1, 2014, all numbering for the CRH series EMUs was updated from the original format (e.g., CRH1—xxxA) to a revised system (e.g., CRH1A-1xxx), aligning with new production numbering standards.

CRH1A-A

In September 2012, the Ministry of Railways (MOR) amended the Zefiro contract by placing an order for 106 additional eight-car train sets, consisting of 46 Zefiro 250 units and 60 Zefiro 250NG units. This order replaced the previously canceled 16-car Zefiro 380 train sets. The NG model incorporates innovative materials aimed at reducing overall weight and enhancing operational efficiency.

CRH1B

On October 31, 2007, the Chinese MOR commissioned 20 CRH1B train sets (CRH1-041B through CRH1-060B). The CRH1B represents a 16-car extension of the CRH1A configuration, comprising three first-class coaches, twelve second-class coaches, and a single dining car. It maintains a maximum service speed of . These trains commenced commercial operations in April 2009 on routes connecting Shanghai–Nanjing and Shanghai–Hangzhou.

Notably, CRH1-046B was involved in the Yongtaiwen PFL incident on July 23, 2011.

CRH1E

Also ordered on October 31, 2007, the MOR acquired 20 CRH1E train sets (CRH1-061E to CRH1-080E), marking the introduction of the world’s first high-speed sleeper trains with sixteen cars, based on Bombardier’s ZEFIRO design. Developed collaboratively by Bombardier and Zagato, these initial models featured one luxury sleeper car, twelve soft sleeper cars, two second-class coaches, and one dining car. The first CRH1E was delivered in October 2009 and entered service on November 4, 2009, operating on the Beijing–Shanghai corridor. Out of these, only fifteen units were delivered; three had their luxury sleeper cars replaced with standard sleepers. Subsequently, five more CRH1Es were produced following the CRH1A-A design.

CRH1E-NG

Launched in December 2015 as a successor to the original CRH1E series, the CRH1E-NG (New Generation) features a front-end design resembling that of the CRH1A-A and is part of Bombardier’s ZEFIRO platform. Its carbody material was upgraded from stainless steel to aluminum alloy to improve airtightness. The train consists of sixteen cars with ten motorized units and six trailers, delivering a total power output of 11,000 kW. It operates at a maximum speed of 250 km/h with a tested top speed reaching 280 km/h.

Primarily designed as a sleeper EMU for overnight journeys, the CRH1E-NG is also deployed on short-distance routes. Its soft sleeper compartments have been adapted with adjustable seating and foldable upper bunks. Lower berths include backrest cushions and concealed pull-down armrests. Additionally, four-person soft sleeper compartments can be converted into six-person soft seat rooms.

Passenger-centric features include three restrooms located in even-numbered cars and optimized lighting systems. To minimize wastefulness, the traditional dining car was replaced by a combined dining and soft sleeper car designated WRC.

CRH380D

Part of Bombardier’s Zefiro 380 series, the CRH380D differentiates itself from the Regina-based CRH1A/B models. Unlike other high-speed trains, it does not have a standalone sixteen-car configuration without coupling two units together. The eight-car CRH380D fleet (numbers 1501–1585) is capable of reaching speeds up to 380 km/h.

Formation

Power Classifications:

  • M – Motorized car
  • T – Trailer car
  • C – Driver’s cab
  • P – Pantograph

Coach Classifications:

  • ZY – First-Class Coach
  • ZE – Second-Class Coach
  • ZYE – Combined First/Second-Class Coach
  • ZEC – Second-Class Coach with Dining Facilities
  • ZYT – First-Class/Premier Coach
  • ZET – Second-Class/Premier Coach
  • ZYS – First-Class/Business Coach
  • ZES – Second-Class/Business Coach
  • WR – Soft Sleeper Car
  • WRC – Soft Sleeper/Dining Car Combination
  • WG – Luxury Sleeper Car

CRH1A & CRH1A–A

Data for CRH1A units 1081 to 1085, 1091 to 1093, 1105, 1110 to 1116, 1120, and CRH1A units 1121 to 1166 is not available at this time.

Coach No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TypeTemplate:RefTemplate:Ref ZY ZE ZEC ZE ZY
TypeTemplate:Ref ZYS ZE ZEC ZE ZYS
TypeTemplate:Ref ZY ZE ZEC ZYE ZE ZY
TypeTemplate:Ref
(CRH1A–A) 		ZY ZE ZEC ZE
Power Configuration Mc TP M T M TP Mc
Power Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3
CapacityTemplate:Ref 72 101 24 101 72
CapacityTemplate:Ref 57 101 24 101 68
CapacityTemplate:Ref 64 92 24 92 64
CapacityTemplate:Ref 64 92 24 77 92 64
CapacityTemplate:Ref
(CRH1A–A) 		48 90 77 63 90 65
  • Sets numbered 1001–1012, 1014–1016, 1018, as well as sets 1167 and 1168
  • Sets numbered 1013, 1017, and from 1019 to 1020
  • Sets from number 1021 through to number 1040
  • Sets numbered between 1086–1090, then from 1094–1104, plus sets from 1106–1109, and also sets numbered 1117 and 1119
  • Sets ranging from number 1169 to number 1228 and from number 1234 to number 1260

CRH1B

Coach No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Type ZE ZEC ZE ZY
Power Configuration MC TP M TP M T M T M TP M TP MC
Power Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6
CapacityTemplate:Ref 79 92 (56) 92 72 64
CapacityTemplate:Ref 68 93 (58) 93 79 75 54
  • Sets numbered from 1041 to 1060
  • Sets numbered between 1076 and 1080

CRH1E

Coach No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TypeTemplate:Ref "ZE" rowspan=3 colspan=7 rowspan=3 "WR" ZEC WG colspan=5 "WR" rowspan=3 "ZE"
TypeTemplate:Ref "ZEC" colspan=6 "WR"
TypeTemplate:Ref
(CRH1E-NG) 		"WRC", "WG" colspan=5 "WR"
Power Configuration "Mc" "TP" colspan=2 "M" "TP" "M" "T" colspan=2 "M" "T" "M" "TP" colspan=2 "M" "TP" "Mc"
Power Units colspan=3 "Unit 1" colspan=3 "Unit 2" colspan=2 "Unit 3" colspan=2 "Unit 4" colspan=3 "Unit 5" colspan=3 "Unit 6"
CapacityTemplate:Ref "61" rowspan=2 colspan=7 rowspan=3 "40" (58) "16" colspan=5 "40" "61" rowspan=2
CapacityTemplate:Ref (58) colspan=6 rowspan=2 "40"
CapacityTemplate:Ref
(CRH1E-NG) 		"55", "12", "55"
  • Sets numbered from 1061 to 1072
  • Sets numbered between 1073 and 1075
  • Sets from number 1229 through to number1233 (Derived from CRH1A-A; also referred to as "CRH1E-NG" or "CRH1E-250")

CRH380D

Coach No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TypeTemplate:Ref ZYT ZE ZEC ZE ZE ZET
TypeTemplate:Ref ZYS ZE ZEC ZES
Power Configuration Mc TP M T M TP Mc
Power Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3
CapacityTemplate:Ref 6+32 84 45+14 84 81 84 6+50
CapacityTemplate:Ref 5+28 85 75 63 85 85 5+40
  • Sets numbered from 1501 to 1510
  • Sets numbered from 1511 to 1585

Distribution

By April 2018, there were 260 CRH1 series EMUs and 85 units of the CRH380D series actively operating.

Operator Quantity Serial number Depot Service lines Remarks
CRH1A
CR Guangzhou 22 1001～1020,1167～1168 Guangzhou East Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway, Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway, Guangshen XRL
31 1086～1090,1094～1104,1106～1109,1117～1119,1123～1124,1141～1143,1154,1165～1166 Shenzhen North Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
CR Nanchang 18 1121,1122,1125～1140 Fuzhou Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Longyan–Xiamen Railway, Xiangtang–Putian Railway
17 1147～1153,1155～1164 Fuzhou South
17 1081～1085,1091～1093,1105,1110～1116,1120 Xiamen North
CR Chengdu 23 1021～1040,1144～1146 Chengdu East Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway, Dazhou–Chengdu Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Chongqing–Lanzhou Railway
CRH1A-A
CR Guangzhou 4 1169,1234～1236 Guangzhou East Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway
9 1170～1176,1217,1218 Shenzhen North Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
16 1177,1179～1181,1183,1184,1209～1216,1248,1250 Sanya Hainan Eastern Ring High-Speed Railway, Hainan Western Ring High-Speed Railway
33 1182,1219～1228,1237～1247,1249,1251～1260 Foshan Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway, Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railway
CR Nanchang 24 1185～1208 Fuzhou South Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Longyan–Xiamen Railway, Hefei–Fuzhou High-Speed Railway
CRH1B
CR Shanghai 13 1052～1059,1076～1080 Nanxiang Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway
11 1041～1045,1047～1051,1060 Hangzhou Nanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway
China Railway 1 1046 Retired Decommissioned following the Wenzhou train collision; cars numbered 1 to 12 reassigned for training purposes; cars 13 to 16 dismantled.
CRH1E
CR Shanghai 20 1061～1075,1229～1233 Nanxiang Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link, Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway
CRH380D
CR Chengdu 13 "1538～1545,1550,1552,1553,1555,1557" "Chongqing North" Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway
"22" "1546～1549,1554,1556,1558～1560,1563,1564,1567,1568,1571,1572,1578～1584" "Chengdu East"
"2" "1537,1551" "Guiyang North" "Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway, Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway, Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway"
"CR Shanghai" "48" "1501～1536,1561,1562,1565,1566,1569,1570,1573～1577,1585" "Shanghai Nanxiang" "Nanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway"


See also

External links

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