Finite and Infinite Games
| Company type | Book |
|---|---|
| Industry | Literature, Philosophy |
| Founder | James P. Carse |
| Products | Religious philosophical literature, Books about game theory |
Finite and Infinite Games is a work authored by religious scholar James P. Carse.
Distinction between finite and infinite games
Carse categorizes games into two types: finite and infinite. Finite games are structured around winning, characterized by established rules, defined limits, and clear outcomes with winners and losers—examples encompass sports, political contests, and warfare. Conversely, infinite games focus on perpetuating play without end, modifying rules and boundaries as needed, emphasizing continuous engagement rather than triumph. Players in finite games pursue power, whereas those in infinite games exhibit autonomous strength. Finite games are performative and require spectators; infinite games are immersive experiences involving active participation.
Theatrical versus dramatic
These ideas extend beyond gaming to various human endeavors, where Carse differentiates activities as either dramatic—occurring spontaneously in the moment—or theatrical—carried out according to predetermined scripts. This classification hinges on the individual's approach; for instance, motherhood seen as an obligation with fixed expectations is theatrical, while motherhood embraced as a voluntary and evolving journey is dramatic.
Reception
The reception of Finite and Infinite Games has been varied. Howard A. Paul recognized its usefulness in therapist education, while Francis Kane of The New York Times challenged its foundational arguments and reasoning. Technologist Kevin Kelly commended the book for profoundly reshaping his perspective on existence and the cosmos. Reviews appearing in Commonweal and Publishers Weekly offered nuanced views, acknowledging its thought-provoking content despite some reservations about its conclusions. Theology scholar John F. Haught linked the book’s concepts to thinkers such as Søren Kierkegaard and Henri Bergson. Kirkus Reviews provided a mixed critique, mentioning both striking insights and sections that were less compelling. Philosopher David Chalmers referred to it as an "underrated classic within the philosophy of living."
See also
External links
- Review by Kevin Kelly in Cool Tools