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GM Ecotec engine

From Alfawiki
GM Ecotec engine
Company typeEngine series
IndustryAutomotive
PredecessorGM Family II, GM 122, Saab H engine, Quad 4 engine
Founded2000
Headquarters
Spring Hill, Tennessee; Tonawanda, New York; Saginaw, Michigan
,
United States
ProductsInline-four engines (1.2 to 2.5 liters displacement)

The GM Ecotec engine, designated as L850, represents a series of inline-four engines with displacements spanning from 1.2 to 2.5 liters. The Ecotec designation was also used for the Buick V6 engine found in Holden models, as well as the final DOHC iterations of the earlier GM Family II engine. Introduced in 2000, this redesigned Ecotec lineup succeeded the GM Family II, GM 122, Saab H engine, and Quad 4 engine. Production takes place at several facilities, notably including Spring Hill Manufacturing in Tennessee, with engine blocks and cylinder heads cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Michigan.


Generation I

The "Ecotec" label was first applied in 1994 to a new iteration of Family II engines (arriving in North America by 2000). It had already been associated with Opel's GM Family II, Family 1, and Family 0 engine series. GM established this Ecotec as its worldwide four-cylinder solution, fully supplanting the GM 122 engine OHV inline-four.

Featuring a DOHC layout with four valves per cylinder, the Ecotec employs a lost foam cast aluminum block and head (L850 for an 86 mm bore, L880 for an 88 mm bore), engineered for displacements between 1.8 and 2.4 liters. Its development commenced in 1994 through collaboration among Opel's Technical Development Center in Germany, GM Powertrain in Michigan, and Saab in Sweden. A substantial portion of engineering input came from Lotus Engineering in the United Kingdom. Key characteristics include aluminum pistons, cast iron cylinder liners, and dual balance shafts to minimize vibration.

The initial Generation I Ecotec was the 2.2 L L61, launched in May 1999.

Present-day Ecotec manufacturing is centered in Tonawanda, New York.

LK9

Referred to as B207 within Saab models and Z20NET by Opel for the Vectra C and Signum, the LK9 is a turbocharged variant within the L850 Ecotec family featuring an 86 mm bore. It incorporates a reinforced sand-cast aluminum cylinder head along with upgraded components such as a five-bearing forged steel crankshaft, enhanced connecting rods, redesigned pistons equipped with oil cooling jets, and reprofiled camshafts. This powerplant includes liquid sodium-cooled exhaust valves, Saab’s Trionic 8 (T8) engine control system, a modified valve train, new timing chain and gears, plus Saab’s Direct Ignition technology. Developed by GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain), it has a bore and stroke of , with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. The output reaches at 5300 rpm delivering torque of at 2500 rpm under a maximum boost pressure of .

Applications:

Model Years Power Torque Turbocharger Boost Pressure
1.8t (B207E) 2003–2006 148 hp (110 kW) @ 5500 rpm 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) @ 2000–3500 rpm Low-pressure (
  • Garrett GT2052s
) 		7.3 psi (0.50 bar)
1.8t (B207E) 2006–2012 148 hp (110 kW) @ 5500 rpm 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) @ 2000–3500 rpm Low-pressure (
  • MHI TD04-11TK
) 		7.3 psi (0.50 bar)
2.0t (B207L) 2003–2006 173 hp (129 kW) @ 5500 rpm 195 lb⋅ft (265 N⋅m) @ 2500–4000 rpm Mid-pressure (
  • Garrett GT2052s
) 		8.7 psi (0.60 bar)
2.0t (B207L) 2006–2012 173 hp (129 kW) @ 5500 rpm 195 lb⋅ft (265 N⋅m) @ 2500–4000 rpm Mid-pressure (
  • MHI TD04-11TK
) 		8.7 psi (0.60 bar)

|- | 2.0T (B207R) |- | 2003–2014 |- | @ 5300 rpm |- | @ 2500–4000 rpm |- | High-pressure () |- | |- | </wikitable>

LSJ

The LSJ represents a supercharged evolution of the 1998 LK9 Ecotec engine, incorporating an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger coupled with an air-to-liquid intercooler. It retains numerous components from the LK9, such as piston cooling jets, oil cooler, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, oil pan, sodium-filled exhaust valves, and cylinder head. This engine delivers at 5600 rpm and at 4400 rpm, featuring a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a redline set at 6450 rpm. Production ceased after 2007 following the discontinuation of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line models. Additionally, the LSJ was supplied to Brammo Motorsports for integration into the Ariel Atom, with output ratings ranging from to .

In 2006, the LSJ was recognized on Ward's 10 Best Engines list.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2004–2007 Saturn Ion Red Line 205 hp (153 kW) @ 5600 rpm 200 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) @ 4400 rpm
2005–2007 Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged Coupe 205 hp (153 kW) @ 5600 rpm 200 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) @ 4400 rpm

L61

The Family II engine architecture underwent a redesign in 2000, resulting in the first-generation Ecotec, which prioritized refinement through the use of dual in-block balance shafts. Notable engineering elements include a power-steering pump mounted on the cylinder head and driven by the intake camshaft, an integrated water-pump housing, and block-mounted A/C compressor and alternator. The oil filter housing is integrated into the block casting with a removable cover and replaceable paper filter element. Production sites included Tonawanda, New York; Kaiserslautern, Germany; and previously Saturn's Spring Hill facility until its closure. The L61 replaced both the GM Quad-4 and GM 122 engines in North America, debuting in the 2000 Saturn L-Series.

Constructed from aluminum with lost-foam cast cylinder heads and block, the L61 features a bore of and stroke of , offered with compression ratios of either 9.5:1 or 10.0:1. Its approximate dimensions are , width , height , with a weight near .

Initially introduced in the 2000 Saturn LS1, this engine also powered the Saturn Ion as a successor to earlier S-Series powerplants. Variations include a high-output version with a 10:1 compression ratio for the 2003 Saturn L-Series and editions equipped with electronic throttle control alongside unitized exhaust manifold/catalytic converter assemblies for Chevrolet Malibu models from 2004 to 2008. Return-less fuel injection was incorporated in Malibu and Saturn variants. The 2002 Saturn VUE marked the introduction of electronic throttle control to North American L61 engines; this feature expanded to Saturn Ion and Chevrolet Cobalt models by 2005. An updated Gen II-based L61 was launched in 2007.

GM provides an official supercharger and intake manifold kit derived from the LSJ engine that can be paired with modified ECM programming to produce a supercharged version of this 2.2L engine.

Applications:

... [Table continues with similar format for other models] ...
Year(s) Model Power Torque Compression ratio
2002 Chevrolet Cavalier 140–150 hp (100–110 kW) @ ~5600 rpm 150–155 lb⋅ft (203–210 N⋅m) @ ~4000–4400 rpm 10.0:1
2003–2005
2005–2006 Chevrolet Cobalt 145[convert: needs unit name] @ 5600 rpm 155[convert: needs unit name] @ 4000 rpm 10.0:1

This engine also served as the powerplant for the Japanese-market Subaru Traviq, which is a badge-engineered Opel Zafira.

Following GM’s collaboration agreement with Fiat, this naturally aspirated 2.2L engine was utilized without modification in the Fiat Croma and extensively reworked with gasoline direct injection technology for use in the Alfa Romeo 159.

Z22YH

The 2198 cc Ecotec engine with direct injection produces 114 kW (153 hp) at 5600 rpm and delivers 220 Nm (162 lb-ft) of torque at 3800 rpm, operating with a compression ratio of 12.0:1. This powertrain was available in the following models:

  • 2003 Opel/Vauxhall Vectra
  • 2003 Opel/Vauxhall Signum
  • 2005 Opel/Vauxhall Zafira
  • 2006–2009 Holden Astra (limited to Australia and New Zealand)

L42

The Ecotec 2.2 engine designated L42 is a compressed natural gas (CNG) version generating 129 hp and 129 lb-ft torque, utilized in the 2003–2004 Chevrolet Cavalier.

2.0 LNF (Z20NHH Opel)

Introduced as a turbocharged direct injection Ecotec under the name Spark Ignition Direct Injection, this 1998 cc engine first appeared in the 2007 Pontiac Solstice GXP and Saturn Sky Red Line. It features an 86 mm bore and stroke with a compression ratio of 9.2:1, capable of producing up to 1.4 bar of boost pressure. The engine outputs 260 hp at 5300 rpm and maintains 260 lb-ft of torque between 2500 and 5250 rpm, with a maximum engine speed of 6300 rpm; use of premium gasoline is advised.

Key technological advancements include sodium-filled exhaust valves derived from Corvette V8 designs to enhance heat dissipation, a camshaft-driven direct injection system operating at pressures ranging from 31 bar at idle to as high as 155 bar under full throttle, and continuously variable valve timing on both camshafts. The Generation II block incorporates improvements based on motorsport data and simulations, featuring strengthened bore walls and bulkheads with a slight increase in mass, alongside enlarged coolant passages for superior thermal management.

In December 2008, GM launched a Turbo Upgrade Kit raising output to 290 hp and torque to 340 lb-ft, offered at $650 with warranty coverage included. Boost pressure was elevated from 18 psi to 21 psi.

Notable LNF specifications consist of:

  • Twin-scroll turbocharger
  • Cam-driven high-pressure direct fuel injection
  • Dual overhead camshafts with continuous variable valve timing
  • Sodium-filled Inconel stainless steel exhaust valves
  • Low-friction aluminum pistons equipped with oil squirters
  • Forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods
  • Cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
  • Foam-cast Generation II engine block
  • Bosch fuel injectors (upgraded in later iterations)

This engine powered the following vehicles:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2007–2010 Opel GT 264 hp @ 5300 rpm 264 lb-ft @ 2000 rpm
2007–2010 Pontiac Solstice GXP 260 hp @ 5300 rpm 260 lb-ft @ 2000 rpm
2007–2010 Saturn Sky Red Line 260 hp @ 5300 rpm 260 lb-ft @ 2000 rpm
2008–2010 Chevrolet HHR SS 260 hp @ 5300 rpm 260 lb-ft @ 2000 rpm
2008–2010 Chevrolet Cobalt SS 260 hp @ 5300 rpm 260 lb-ft @ 2000 rpm
2009 Elfin T5 264 hp @5300 rpm 259 lb-ft @2000 rpm
2012 Fisker Karma 260 hp @5300 rpm 260 lb-ft @2000 rpm

2.0 LDK (A20NHT Opel)

An enhanced version of the LNF engine featuring a compression ratio of 9.2:1 was introduced in 2008, complying with Euro 5 emission standards. Identified by GM Powertrain Europe as A20NHT, this variant includes:

  • Twin-scroll turbocharging system
  • Camshaft-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection
  • Dual camshafts with continuous variable valve timing
  • Sodium-filled Inconel stainless steel exhaust valves
  • Low-friction cast aluminum pistons fitted with oil squirters
  • Forged steel crankshaft construction
  • Cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
  • Foam-cast Generation II block architecture
  • Bosch fuel injectors (part number: 0 261 500 055)

It was employed in these vehicles:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2008–2013 Opel Insignia / Vauxhall Insignia 162 kW (220 hp) @ 5300 rpm 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) @ 2500 rpm
2009–2010 Buick Regal Turbo 162 kW (220 hp) @ 5300 rpm 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) @ 2500 rpm
2010–2013 Buick Regal GS (China) 162 kW (220 hp) @5300 rpm 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) @2500 rpm
2009–2010 Buick Regal Turbo (Hirsch Performance) 192 kW (261 hp) @5400 rpm 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) @3000–4000 rpm
2010–2013 Buick Regal GS (Hirsch Performance) 192 kW (261 hp) @5400 rpm 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) @3000–4000 rpm
2010–2012 Saab 9-5 162 kW (220 hp) @5300 rpm 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) @2500 rpm
2011–2013 Cadillac SLS (China) 193 kW (262 hp) @5300 rpm 360 N⋅m (270 lb⋅ft) @2000–5000 rpm
2014–2017 Buick Regal GS (China) 187 kW (254 hp) @5300 rpm 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) @2000–5000 rpm


LHU (A20NFT Opel)

The LHU engine, designated A20NFT by GM Powertrain Europe, expands upon the LDK by incorporating E85 flex-fuel compatibility. It operates at a maximum engine speed of 6350 rpm.

Distinctive attributes include:

  • twin-scroll turbocharger
  • camshaft-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection
  • dual camshafts with continuous variable valve timing
  • exhaust valves made from Inconel stainless steel filled with sodium
  • low-friction cast aluminium pistons equipped with oil squirters
  • forged steel crankshaft
  • exhaust manifold crafted from cast stainless steel
  • sand-cast Gen3 engine block
  • enlarged Bosch injectors (0 261 500 112) featuring ethanol-resistant seals tailored for flex-fuel use

The engine has been utilized in the following vehicles:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Notes
2011–2013 Buick Regal Turbo 220 hp (160 kW) @ 5300 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2014 Saab 9-3 Turbo4 (NEVS) 220 hp (160 kW) @ 5300 rpm 350 N⋅m (260 lbf⋅ft) @ 2500 rpm Total production: 451 units
2011–2012 Saab 9-5 Turbo4 220 hp (160 kW) @ 5300 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2013–2016 (Buick Verano Turbo) 250 hp (190 kW) @ 5300 rpm 260 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2011–2013 (Buick Regal GS) 270 hp (200 kW) 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) @ 2400 rpm
2011–2013 Opel Insignia / Vauxhall Insignia 4×4 184 kW (250 hp) @ 5300 rpm 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) @2400–3600rpm
2012–2017 (Opel Astra J OPC / Vauxhall Astra J VXR) 206 kW (280 hp) @5500rpm 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft)@2500–4500rpm
2014–2017 (Buick Regal GS) (Hirsch Performance) 205 kW (279 hp)@5400rpm 410 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft)@3000–4000rpm
2017–present (Opel Astra K TCR) 257 kW (349 hp)@6300rpm 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft)@2500–4600rpm

It should be noted that the A20NFT variant used in the Opel Astra K TCR serves as a racing powerplant, substituting direct fuel injection with a multi-point injection system.

L61

Launched in 2007, the L61 engine integrated several enhancements derived from the LE5. These included a reinforced Gen II block, an updated cylinder head featuring enlarged exhaust ports, and a camshaft with extended exhaust valve timing. The ignition system evolved from a wasted spark setup to individual coil-on-plug ignition, which required a redesigned cam cover. Additionally, it employed an E37 controller incorporating new crankshaft and camshaft sensors, replacing the former timing sensor. These improvements resulted in a modest increase in power output and enabled the engine to meet PZEV emissions standards. The compression ratio remained at 10.0:1.

The L61 engine was installed in the following models:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2007–2008 Chevrolet Cobalt 148 hp (110 kW) @ 5600 rpm 152 lb⋅ft (206 N⋅m) @ 4200 rpm
2007 Chevrolet HHR 149 hp (111 kW) @ 5600 rpm 152 lb⋅ft (206 N⋅m) @ 4000 rpm
2008 152 lb⋅ft (206 N⋅m) @ 4200 rpm
2007–2008 Chevrolet Malibu 145 hp (108 kW) @ 5600 rpm 152 lb⋅ft (206 N⋅m) @ 4200 rpm
2007–2008 Pontiac Pursuit/G5 148 hp (110 kW) @ 5600 rpm 152 lb⋅ft (206 N⋅m) @ 4200 rpm
2007 Saturn Ion 145 hp (108 kW) @ 5600 rpm 150 lb⋅ft (200 N⋅m) @ 4200 rpm


LAP

The LAP represents an Ecotec variant derived from the Gen II engine block, incorporating enhancements such as an upgraded cylinder head, redesigned camshaft, E37 engine control unit, 58X crankshaft reluctor ring, dual variable valve timing system, digital sensors for crankshaft and camshaft positions, individual coil-on-plug ignition, and improved emissions control.

Its bore and stroke are identical to those of the L61 at 86 mm and 98 mm respectively, with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. The cylinder head improvements and variable valve timing technology are borrowed from the 2.4 L LE5, setting it apart from the L61.

This engine was utilized in:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2009–2010 Chevrolet Cobalt 155 hp (116 kW) at 6100 rpm 150 lb⋅ft (200 N⋅m) at 4900 rpm
2009 Pontiac G5 155 hp (116 kW) at 6100 rpm 150 lb⋅ft (200 N⋅m) at 4900 rpm

LE8

The LE8 is a flex-fuel variant of the LAP Ecotec capable of operating on both E85 ethanol blend and standard gasoline. It shares the same bore, stroke, and compression ratio of 10.0:1.

It was installed in the following vehicles:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2009–2011 Chevrolet HHR 155 hp (116 kW) at 6100 rpm (gasoline) 150 lb⋅ft (200 N⋅m) at 4800 rpm (gasoline)
160 hp (120 kW) at 6000 rpm (E85) 158 lb⋅ft (214 N⋅m) at 4600 rpm (E85)

LE5

The LE5 is a 2384 cc Ecotec engine characterized by an 88 mm bore and a 98 mm stroke. It features Variable Valve Timing on both intake and exhaust valves to enhance torque delivery at lower RPMs, with a compression ratio of 10.4:1. Output varies between 164 and 177 hp (123–132 kW), while torque ranges from 159 to 170 lb·ft (215–230 N·m). This powerplant employs a strengthened "Gen II" block paired with GKN-forged connecting rods; starting July 2007, it transitioned to C70 powdered metal rods.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2006–2008 Buick Lacrosse (China) 168 hp at 6400 rpm 166 lb·ft at 4800 rpm
2006–2007 Chevrolet Cobalt SS 173 hp at 6200 rpm 163 lb·ft at 4800 rpm
2008 Chevrolet Cobalt Sport 171 hp at 6200 rpm 167 lb·ft at 4800 rpm
2006–2008 Chevrolet HHR 175 hp 165 lb·ft
2006–2008 Pontiac G5/Pursuit 171 hp at 5800 rpm 167 lb·ft at 4500 rpm
2006–2009 Pontiac G6 169 hp at6300 rpm 162 lb·ft at4500 rpm
2006–2009 Pontiac Solstice 173 hp at5800 rpm 164 lb·ft at4500 rpm
2006–2009 Saturn Sky 177 hp at5800 rpm 173 lb·ft at4800 rpm
2006 Saturn Ion 170 hp at6200 rpm 162 lb·ft at4800 rpm
2007 Saturn Ion 175 hp at6500 rpm 164 lb·ft at4800 rpm
2008–2009 Saturn Aura 169 hp 160 lb·ft
2008–2012 Chevrolet Malibu 169 hp 160 lb·ft

Additionally, the LE5 powers international variants such as GM Taiwan and Shanghai GM's Buick LaCrosse models as well as the Buick GL8. A modified version is also employed in the Polaris Slingshot, a three-wheeled street vehicle introduced in July 2014 that pairs this engine with a manual gearbox and belt-driven final drive.

LAT

The LAT label identifies the LE5 engine adapted specifically for GM's BAS mild-hybrid systems.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2007–2009 Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid 164 hp at6400 rpm 159 lb·ft at5000 rpm
2007 Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid 170 hp at6600 rpm 162 lb·ft at4200 rpm
2008 Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid 172 hp at6500 rpm 167 lb·ft at4500 rpm
2008–2009 Buick LaCrosse hybrid (China) 164 hp at6400 rpm 166 lb·ft at4800 rpm
2008–2009 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 164 hp at6400 rpm 159 lb·ft at5000 rpm


LE9

The LE9 represents an E85-compatible adaptation of the LE5 Ecotec engine, retaining the same bore and stroke dimensions as well as a compression ratio of 10.4:1, consistent with the LE5.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2009–2011 Chevrolet HHR 172 hp (128 kW) @ 5800 rpm (gasoline) 167 lb⋅ft (226 N⋅m) @ 4500 rpm (gasoline)
176 hp (131 kW) @ 5800 rpm (E85) 170 lb⋅ft (230 N⋅m) @ 5000 rpm (E85)
2010–2012 Chevrolet Malibu (fleet only) 175 hp (130 kW) @ 5800 rpm (E85) 170 lb⋅ft (230 N⋅m) @ 5000 rpm (E85)
2014–2019 Polaris Slingshot 173 hp (129 kW) @ 6200 rpm 166 lb⋅ft (225 N⋅m) @ 4700 rpm

LAF

The LAF engine is a direct-injection 2.4-liter unit, characterized by an 11.2:1 compression ratio, pistons with a dished design to enhance combustion efficiency, and injectors calibrated with flow rates tailored to specific applications to boost power output.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2010–2011
182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm (gasoline) 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm (gasoline)
2010–2011 Buick LaCrosse 182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm
2011 Buick Regal 182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm
2011–2014 Chevrolet Orlando 174 hp (130 kW) @ 6700 rpm 171 lb⋅ft (232 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm
2011 Chevrolet Captiva 182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm

LEA

The LEA is an E85-fuel-compatible version of the LAF engine, preserving identical bore, stroke, and compression ratio specifications, with a peak engine speed capped at 7000 rpm.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2012–2013, 2015–2017 Buick Regal 182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm {{cvt{172}|lbft}} @ 4900 rpm
2012–2017 Buick Verano {{cvt{180}|hp}} @ 6700 rpm {{cvt{171}|lbft}} @ 4900 rpm
2012–2017 Opel Antara / Chevrolet Captiva Sport {{cvt{182}|hp}} @ 6700 rpm {{cvt{172}|lbft}} @ 4900 rpm
2012–2017
{{cvt{182}|hp}} @ 6700 rpm {{cvt{172}|lbft}} @ 4900 rpm
2012–2017 Chevrolet Orlando {{cvt{174}|hp}} @ 6700 rpm {{cvt{171}|lbft}} @ 4900 rpm


LUK

The LUK shares similarities with the LAF engine but integrates the (eAssist) mild-hybrid technology. Its maximum engine speed is rated at 7000 rpm.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2012–2016 Buick LaCrosse 182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm
2012–2017 Buick Regal 182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm
2013–2014 Chevrolet Malibu ECO 182 hp (136 kW) @ 6700 rpm 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm
2014 Chevrolet Impala 182 hp (136 kW)@6700 rpm 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m)@4900 rpm

LTG

Introduced in the turbocharged direct-injection Gen III Ecotec lineup, the LTG made its debut in the 2013 Cadillac ATS and Chevrolet Malibu. Developed under the leadership of Managing Director J.H. Hwang and GM Korea (GMTCK), it was also employed in Chinese-market Cadillac XTS and XT5 models. This engine includes a twin-scroll turbocharger with an electronically managed wastegate, an air-to-air intercooler, a stainless-steel dual-scroll exhaust manifold engineered for elevated turbine temperatures, and a rotocast aluminum-alloy cylinder head with sodium-filled exhaust valves. The redline is set at a maximum of 7000 rpm.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
Power range: ~252-260 hp | Torque range: ~260-350 lb-ft | [convert: invalid number] @5600 rpm | [convert: invalid number] @3000–4500 rpm |
Year(s) Model Power (hp) Torque (lb-ft)

This turbocharged Gen III powerplant serves a wide array of GM midsize sedans, luxury vehicles, and SUVs throughout North America, China, and Europe, offering competitive levels of performance and fuel efficiency within its category.

LSY

Introduced as the successor to the LTG, the LSY engine made its debut in the 2019 Cadillac XT4 and Cadillac CT6 models. This powerplant integrates technologies such as Active Fuel Management and a start-stop system, emphasizing improved fuel efficiency rather than outright performance. While its maximum output is reduced compared to the LTG, peak power and torque are delivered at lower engine speeds. The engine features a bore of and a stroke of . It is utilized across multiple GM vehicles in the United States and is the primary engine choice for models sold in China.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2019 Cadillac CT6 237 hp (177 kW) @ 5000 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 1500–4000 rpm
2019–present Cadillac XT4 237 hp (177 kW) @ 5000 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 1500–4000 rpm
2019–present Chevrolet Malibu XL 241 hp (180 kW) @ 5000 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 1500–4000 rpm
2020–2022 Opel Insignia B 170 hp (127 kW) @ 4250–6000 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1500–4000 rpm
200 hp (149 kW) @ 4250–6000 rpm
230 hp (172 kW) @ 5000 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1500–4000 rpm
2020–present Buick GL8 ES (China) 237 hp (177 kW) @ 5000 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 1500–4000 rpm
2020–present Buick GL8 Land Business Edition (China) 237 hp (177 kW) @ 5000 rpm lbft{Nm}|0}} @ 1500–4000 rpm

|- | 2020–present | Buick Lacrosse (China) | {{cvt{233}|hp{0}}} @ 5000 rpm | {{cvt{258}|lbft{Nm}|0}} @ 1500–4000 rpm |- | 2020–present | Buick Regal GS (China) | {{cvt{237}|hp{0}}} @ 5000 rpm | {{cvt{258}|lbft{Nm}|0}} @ 1500–4000 rpm |- | 2020–present | Cadillac CT5 | {{cvt{237}|hp{0}}} @ 5000 rpm | {{cvt{258}|lbft{Nm}|0}} @ 1500–4000 rpm |- |2020–present |Cadillac CT4 |{{cvt{237}|hp{0}}} @ 5000 rpm |{{cvt{258}|lbft{Nm}|0}} @ 1500–4000 rpm |- | 2020–present | Cadillac XT5 | {{cvt{237}|hp{0}}} @ 5000 rpm | {{cvt{258}|lbft{Nm}|0}} @ 1500–4000 rpm |- | 2020–present | Cadillac XT6 | {{cvt{237}|hp{0}}} @ 5000 rpm | {{cvt{258}|lbft{Nm}|0}} @ 1500–4000 rpm |- | 2020–present | Chevrolet Blazer | {{cvt{230}|hp{00}}} @ 50000rpm |{{cvtt258lbftrm00}@15004000rpm |- |20202020-present |- GMC Acadia |-{{cvtt230h00}@50000rpm |-{{cvtt258lbftrm00}@15004000rpm |- |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|}


LCV

The Gen III version of the 2.5 L engine was launched with the 2013 models of the Chevrolet Malibu and Cadillac ATS. This iteration underwent redesign efforts aimed at minimizing noise and vibration levels while enhancing fuel economy and torque at low engine speeds. It was intended to replace the direct-injected 2.4 L engine across GM's North American lineup within a year. Manufacturing commenced in April of 2012 at GM's Tonawanda Engine facility.

This engine incorporates a higher compression ratio to improve fuel efficiency and resistance to knocking, dual overhead camshafts equipped with continuously variable valve timing and expanded cam phasing range, a returnless direct-injection system operating at pressures up to 2250 psi under full load, as well as optimized intake and exhaust port flow. Additional features include electronic throttle control, pistons cooled by jet-spray oil, relocated balance shafts housed within a two-piece steel-aluminum oil pan, and an oil pump driven by the balance shaft located inside the pan.

Noise reduction measures achieve a decrease of approximately 40% compared to the previous 2.4 L engine. These include an inverted-tooth timing chain for camshaft operation, a forged steel crankshaft, a cast aluminum bedplate with iron main bearing inserts, an intake manifold cover designed for acoustic shielding, and reinforced aluminum camshaft and front covers. The engine also utilizes a variable-displacement oil pump and an actively controlled thermostat. Emissions are lowered by about 25% due to direct injection, while continuous cam phasing eliminates the requirement for an EGR system. The maximum engine speed reaches up to 7000 rpm.

With a displacement of 2,457 cc, this engine has an bore diameter of 88.0 mm and stroke length of 100.8 mm; its compression ratio is rated at 11.3:1.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2013–2016 Cadillac ATS 202.08 hp (150.69 kW) @ 6300 rpm 191 lbf⋅ft (259 N⋅m) @ 4400 rpm
Year(s) Model Power Torque
Year(s) Model Power Torque
Year(s) Model Power Torque
Year(s) Model Power Torque

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LKW

The LKW engine, akin to the LCV, incorporates an Intake Valve Lift Control (IVLC) mechanism that delivers dual-stage variable valve lift combined with continuously variable timing. Managed by the engine control unit, the valve rocker arm alternates between low-lift and high-lift camshaft profiles through an oil control valve and a dual-feed fixed hydraulic lash adjuster, allowing lift adjustments of either 4.0 or 10.5 mm. Additionally, it is equipped with a start-stop system and supports a peak engine speed of 7000 rpm.

Production Years Vehicle Model Output Torque
2014–2019 Chevrolet Impala 196–197 hp (146–147 kW) @ 6300 rpm 186–191 lb⋅ft (252–259 N⋅m) @ 4400 rpm
2014–2015 Chevrolet Malibu 196 hp (146 kW) @ 6300 rpm 186 lb⋅ft (252 N⋅m) @ 4400 rpm
2018– Saleen S1 450 hp (336 kW) 400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m)

HCCI

During Tech Show Torino 2008, GM Powertrain Europe unveiled a direct injection 2.2 L engine featuring an ignition-free HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) mode. This variant includes a two-stage adjustable valve lift with variable cam timing, an advanced ECU equipped with cylinder pressure sensors, and operates on a lean-burn cycle reminiscent of diesel engines, achieving roughly a 15% improvement in fuel efficiency.

References
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