Gilbert Elevated Railway

Rufus Henry Gilbert
Born	Template:Birth date Guilford, New York, U.S.
Died	July 10, 1885(1885-07-10) (aged 53) New York City, U.S.
Occupation(s)	Physician, surgeon, inventor
Known for	Contributions to rapid transit development in New York City

Rufus Henry Gilbert (January 26, 1832 – July 10, 1885) was an American physician and innovator, recognized for his contributions to the development of rapid transit systems in New York City.

Early life

Gilbert was born on January 26, 1832, in Guilford, New York. He was the son of William Dwight Gilbert, who served as a county judge in Steuben County, New York.

Medical career

After completing his studies at the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, Gilbert qualified as both a physician and surgeon. While practicing in New York City, he identified the health hazards linked to densely populated working-class neighborhoods and viewed urban rapid transit as a means to enhance public sanitation.

During the American Civil War, he acted as a surgeon with the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry and is credited with performing the first surgical operation at the Battle of Big Bethel. In 1865, he received a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel and subsequently took on roles as medical director and superintendent of various United States Army Hospitals.

Rapid transit visionary

Near the conclusion of the war, due to health complications, Gilbert transitioned from medicine to focus on transportation innovation. He assumed the position of Superintendent for the Central Railroad of New Jersey and dedicated efforts towards advancing rapid transit solutions in New York City.

In 1870, he secured a patent for an elevated railway system that utilized pneumatic technology. Gilbert established the Gilbert Elevated Railway Company but encountered difficulties obtaining sufficient funding. To attract investment, he transferred control to the New York Loan and Improvement Company. This entity constructed the Sixth Avenue line, referred to as the Gilbert Elevated Railroad, which commenced operation in 1878. Shortly after its inauguration, Gilbert was removed from leadership by his financial backers, marking the end of his direct involvement in rapid transit projects.

Personal life

Gilbert was married twice: first to Miss Maynard, daughter of judge John Maynard, and later to Miss Price, daughter of J. W. Price from New York City.

He passed away on July 10, 1885, at his residence located on West 73rd Street in New York City.