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Hawker Siddeley HS 748

From Alfawiki
Avro (later Hawker Siddeley)
Company typeCompany (aircraft manufacturer)
IndustryAerospace, Aircraft manufacturing
Founded1928 in United Kingdom
FateIntegrated into Hawker Siddeley
SuccessorHawker Siddeley Aviation
Headquarters
United Kingdom
,
United Kingdom

Hawker Siddeley HS 748

The Hawker Siddeley HS 748, initially known as the Avro HS 748, is a medium-capacity turboprop airliner that was originally designed and manufactured by the British company Avro. It represents the final aircraft project developed by Avro before its integration into Hawker Siddeley.

Conceived in the late 1950s, the HS 748 was part of Avro’s strategic shift toward serving civil aviation and export markets. Equipped with the widely used Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engine, the aircraft was intended to serve as a modern feederliner, replacing the then-ubiquitous Douglas DC-3 in short-haul operations. Although initially planned for fewer passengers, market analysis suggested that accommodating approximately 40 passengers would best meet demand. To set it apart from competitors, the design emphasized robust performance characteristics, including notable short takeoff and landing capabilities and durability. The first flight took place on 24 June 1960, with the series 1 HS 748 commencing commercial service in 1961.

Upon entering service, the HS 748 established itself within the short-distance airline sector. Various versions of this regional airliner were developed over time, typically featuring enhancements such as more powerful Dart engines and increased maximum takeoff weights. Among these, the HS 780 Andover stood out as a specialized military transport variant created for the Royal Air Force (RAF). This model included a large rear cargo ramp and a unique squatting main landing gear system to facilitate loading of oversized freight.

Production concluded in 1988 after a total of 380 units were built by both Hawker Siddeley, which had acquired Avro, and Indian aerospace manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). In the following decade, an enlarged and stretched derivative known as the BAe ATP was introduced. This model aimed to compete with leading regional aircraft such as the de Havilland Canada Dash 8 and ATR 42, but it achieved only modest commercial success before production ended.

Background

After the publication of the 1957 Defence White Paper, where then-Minister of Defence Duncan Sandys declared the cessation of nearly all manned military aircraft projects, Avro chose to shift its focus more towards the civilian aviation sector. A decade earlier, the company had introduced the Avro Tudor series of civilian airliners, but these models experienced limited commercial success. Consequently, in 1958, Avro initiated work on an entirely new design that would later be known as the HS 748. The project, initially called the Avro 748, was publicly unveiled on 9 January 1959.[1]

At that time, the larger segment of the short-haul market was already dominated by the four-engine Vickers Viscount. Therefore, Avro aimed to develop a smaller regional airliner powered by two Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engines. The aircraft was intended as a modern replacement for the numerous aging DC-3 Dakotas, which were nearing the end of their operational viability. According to the aviation magazine Flight International, a key objective for the design team was to ensure that the new aircraft could operate from any airfield accessible to the DC-3.[2]

Originally, plans envisioned a 20–30 seat aircraft with a configuration somewhat resembling that of the later rival Fokker F27 Friendship. However, after consultations with prospective customers, Avro decided on a low-wing design accommodating 40 passengers. This configuration became the standard for the 748 project. Another critical design consideration was adherence to both British and American airworthiness regulations; thus, it became one of the first medium-sized aircraft to incorporate fail-safe structural design principles rather than relying on the then-standard safe-life approach.[2] The airframe was effectively designed without a predetermined lifespan and underwent rigorous testing in a water tank, simulating up to 100,000 flight hours.[2]

Avro was not alone in pursuing a DC-3 successor; by this stage, development of its direct competitor, the Dutch-built F27 Friendship, was well underway. To set itself apart, Avro concentrated on creating a more robust design that delivered enhanced short takeoff and landing (STOL) capabilities. This allowed operation from smaller, less developed airports, including those lacking paved runways.[3] The aircraft achieved STOL performance through several design elements such as a long-span, high-lift wing equipped with an innovative single slot flap featuring a hinged flap tab at its trailing edge. The low-mounted wing incorporated dihedral from its root to provide ample ground clearance and facilitate sturdy landing gear installation. Pilots could select from three takeoff flap settings to adjust STOL performance according to operational requirements.[2]

The 748 also benefited from a philosophy of simplicity and reliability by utilizing straightforward systems and established components wherever feasible.[2] For ease of operation, engines included an internal ignition system, and various other systems and structures were designed for straightforward inspection and maintenance—even under austere conditions without specialized ground support equipment. These practical features contributed to rapid interest from airlines, especially those operating in remote regions. The aircraft’s ability to take off and land on short, rough fields without ground support while carrying payloads exceeding 10,000 lb made it particularly attractive for such operators.Template:Fix/category[citation needed]

Into flight

File:BKS Avro 748 at Manchester 1964.jpg
Avro 748 Series 1 operated by BKS Air Transport at Manchester in 1964
File:HS748 LV-HHE Aerolineas Bs As 26.04.72 edited-2.jpg
Avro 748 Series 1 of Aerolíneas Argentinas at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, Buenos Aires, 1972

The inaugural flight of the first Avro 748 took place on 24 June 1960, departing from the company's manufacturing facility located in Woodford, Cheshire.[3] Testing of the two prototypes swiftly confirmed the aircraft’s capability for short runway operations. A total of eighteen Avro 748 Series 1 units were constructed; deliveries to the launch client, Skyways Coach-Air Limited, commenced in April 1962. Nevertheless, the bulk of these Series 1 aircraft were exported, predominantly sold to Aerolíneas Argentinas.Template:Fix/category[citation needed] In the early 1960s, following the dissolution of Avro's distinct identity within the Hawker Siddeley Group, the airliner was subsequently marketed under the parent company’s designation as the HS 748.

Following completion of the initial Series 1 production run, manufacturing shifted focus to the upgraded Series 2 model. This version retained much of its predecessor’s design but featured enhanced Dart RDa 7 Mk 531 engines and an increased maximum takeoff weight. Aviation publication Flight International reported in 1960 that the base price for a new Avro 748 Series 1 was £176,000, whereas the Series 2 model was priced at approximately £196,000.[1]

The Series 2A variant was introduced in 1967, maintaining the fundamental airframe but upgrading to Mk. 532 engines and further increasing gross weight capacity. Starting from 1971, customers were offered additional options such as a sizable rear cargo door and reinforced cabin flooring. In 1979, the Series 2B arrived with a wingspan extended by four feet, adoption of Mk 536-2 powerplants, a modernized passenger cabin layout, plus enhancements to fuel systems, water-methanol injection, and engine fire protection mechanisms.Template:Fix/category[citation needed]

In a statement made in 1976 by Eric Johnson, sales engineering manager at Hawker Siddeley Manchester, research was underway into fitting a variant of the HS 748 with turbofan engines. The preferred choice at that time was the Rolls-Royce/SNECMA M45H, also utilized on the VFW-Fokker 614 regional jet.[2] Additional modifications would likely have included installation of lift dumpers and adaptive braking systems to improve landing performance; electrical, hydraulic, and air conditioning systems were expected to be redesigned as well. Externally, a dihedral wing configuration would be necessary to prevent jet exhaust interference with the tailplane. This re-engined version was projected to accommodate up to 64 passengers.[2]

Apart from British production facilities, manufacturing of the Avro 748 also took place internationally. India was an early customer placing orders for this aircraft type.[1] Both Series 1 and Series 2 models were produced under license by Indian aerospace company Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL), with locally assembled units designated as HAL-748. The maiden flight of HAL’s first Indian-built HS 748 occurred on 1 November 1961.[3] By production’s end, HAL had completed a total of eighty-nine aircraft—seventy-two delivered to the Indian Air Force and seventeen supplied to national carrier Indian Airlines.Template:Fix/category[citation needed]

Although originally targeted primarily at commercial operators, numerous HS 748s were acquired by military forces worldwide. Hawker Siddeley developed a military transport derivative known as the HS 780 Andover specifically for service with the Royal Air Force. This variant shared much of its design with the HS 748 but incorporated a redesigned rear fuselage and tail assembly featuring a large rear loading ramp and squat main landing gear optimized for handling bulky cargo loads. The HS 780 was equipped with more powerful RDa.10/1 engines delivering an estimated output of approximately 3,245 hp (2,419.80 kW) at 15,000 rpm along with water/methanol injection.[3]

Production of the HS 748 ceased in 1988, with the final British-built example taking flight on December 1 of that year.[3] Subsequently, BAE developed an improved stretched derivative known as the BAE ATP series equipped with Pratt & Whitney Canada PW126/127 engines; however, only sixty-seven units of this variant were manufactured. According to BAE Systems, successor to Hawker Siddeley, total production across all variants—including Andover and HAL-built aircraft—reached three hundred eighty-one units during its manufacturing lifespan.[3]

Operational history

During the initial ten years following its introduction, the HS 748 experienced reportedly strong sales; by 1976, a total of 312 units had been sold, with 259 of those delivered to international customers. Within a decade of its debut, India became the largest individual market for the aircraft, with Indian Airlines operating the biggest HS 748 fleet, comprising 26 planes. The aircraft gained considerable popularity among various commercial operators; in the Caribbean and Latin America regions alone, 63 HS 748s were active across 11 different airlines.

The HS 748 managed to secure notable successes against competitors such as the F27 Friendship. Prior to switching to the HS 748, Philippine Airlines was the largest operator of the F27. Its decision to replace both its F27 fleet and remaining DC-3s with HS 748s marked a significant achievement for Hawker Siddeley. Other prominent civilian users included Aerolíneas Argentinas, VARIG, Thai Airways, LAN-Chile, and Bouraq Airlines. Several operators capitalized on the aircraft's STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) capabilities; according to Flight International, more than one-third of scheduled flights were conducted from rudimentary airstrips with minimal infrastructure.

The HS 748 also found a vital role in the executive transport sector, being frequently procured as official aircraft for numerous heads of state from countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, India, Venezuela, Zambia, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. Notably, the aircraft was among the final planes flown by renowned aviator and entrepreneur Howard Hughes. In 1972, Hughes undertook several flights on this model, each accompanied by Hawker Siddeley test pilot Tony Blackman, departing from the company’s facility at Hatfield, Hertfordshire.

The Australian armed forces acquired multiple HS 748s; specifically, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) received ten units starting in 1968 for purposes including navigation training and VIP transport. Meanwhile, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) operated two HS 748s beginning in 1973 primarily as navigational trainers. Following the devastation caused by Cyclone Tracy, these aircraft were utilized to deliver relief supplies across Darwin, Northern Territory. Later in the late 1970s, after being equipped with various electronic countermeasures (ECM), the HS 748s were also employed in electronic warfare training roles.

Configured typically for passenger service, the HS 748 accommodates approximately 40 to 48 economy seats arranged four abreast. However, most later passenger-configured HS 748s operated as quick-change combi variants. These versions feature a movable bulkhead that partitions the cabin, allowing between 4 and 40 seats in the aft section while carrying cargo forward. The aircraft has also seen extensive use as a dedicated freighter, with a maximum payload capacity near 12,000 lbs. Additionally, several operators have adapted it for bulk fuel transportation; in this role it typically carries seven or eight fixed tanks within the cabin holding roughly 7,500 L (1,600 imp gal; 2,000 US gal).

In flight plans, the ICAO designator assigned to this model is A748.

The UK Civil Aviation Authority has announced that the Type Certificate for this aircraft will be withdrawn on July 1st, 2025 at the request of BAE Systems (Operations) Ltd, the current Type Certificate holder.

Variants

  • 748 Series 1 – The initial Avro 748 model, a twin-engine turboprop designed for short to medium-haul flights, equipped with two Rolls-Royce Dart RDa 7 Mk 514 engines. A total of 24 units were produced.
  • 748 Series 2 – Launched into production in 1961, this version featured an increased maximum takeoff weight and was powered by Mk 531 engines. Production reached 111 aircraft.
  • 748 Series 2A – Released in 1967, this variant offered a further boost in takeoff weight along with Mk 532 or Mk 534 engines. With 157 units built, it became the most widely manufactured and successful version of the 748 series.
  • 748 Series 2B – Following Hawker-Siddeley’s integration into British Aerospace, the 2B became the primary production model. It introduced a wingspan extended by four feet, higher maximum gross weight, Mk 536 engines, an updated cabin interior, and enhanced systems. Twenty-eight were constructed.
  • 748 Series 5 – Planned to feature Rolls-Royce M-45H turbofan engines mounted above the wings and a fuselage lengthened by 78 inches to accommodate 64 passengers. This variant was never realized.
  • Super 748 – Essentially similar to the Series 2B but equipped with engine noise reduction kits. Eight examples were completed.
  • Hawker Siddeley HS780 Andover – A modified derivative of the 748 tailored for Royal Air Force use, incorporating a kneeling landing gear, elevated tail assembly, and a rear cargo ramp.
  • Coastguarder – Adapted for maritime patrol missions.
  • 748 Andover – Military transport versions designed for personnel movement.
  • 748AEW – An airborne early warning platform based on the AST.400 concept; this variant was not constructed.
  • 748AEW (FASS) – A proposed version of the AEW model powered by four Avco Lycoming T53-21A turboprop engines; it remained unbuilt.
  • 748B – A planned configuration seating 36 passengers that was never produced.
  • 748COD – Intended as a deck-landing fleet support aircraft for the U.S. Navy; this proposal did not advance to production.
  • 748CF – Civilian adaptation of Type 780; not manufactured.
  • 748E – A Series 2 derivative with an extended fuselage length of 76 feet capable of carrying between 52 and 60 passengers, incorporating wings from Type 780; never built.
  • 748 Super E – An enhanced version of the 748E featuring reduced allowable gross weight and increased wingspan; unconstructed.
  • 748EW – Airborne early warning aircraft designed for Sweden featuring twin rudders and fins; not realized.
  • 748 Executive – VIP/executive configuration based on Series 2; remained on paper.
  • 748F – Freight variant of Series 2 with a large cargo door and reinforced flooring; marketed as Series 2 LFD but never produced.
  • 748J – Proposed turbojet model with rear-mounted engines and T-tail design; unbuilt.
  • 748L – Large-diameter fuselage (10 feet 6 inches) variant based on Series 2; never constructed.
  • 748ML – Maritime reconnaissance version; not developed.
  • 748SFV – Designed to meet U.S. short takeoff and landing (STOL) requirements carrying around 40 passengers; unproduced.
  • 748STOL – STOL model intended for U.S. airlines powered by four Avro Lycoming T53-21A engines; never built.
  • 748X – Executive variant of Series 2 offering increased fuel capacity; remained conceptual.
  • 748-502 – Turbojet-powered version featuring two Avco Lycoming ALF502 engines; never built but served as a basis for Series 5 development.
  • 757 – Strengthened-floor and upgraded avionics variant of Series 1 developed for the Indian Air Force, also known as the 748M; not produced.
  • 758 – High-wing adaptation of the 748, referred to as the 748R; unbuilt.
  • HAL 748 – Licensed production carried out by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in Bangalore, India. Indian variants were subsequently modified for various roles including trials for an airborne early warning system equipped with a large radome called the Airborne Surveillance Platform (ASP). A total of 89 units were manufactured.
  • HAL 748 Series 2M – The final twenty aircraft built for the Indian Air Force featured Series 2M specifications with a large freight door.
  • C-91 – Brazilian Air Force designation assigned to the HS 748 Series 2A variant.
  • B.L.5 – Royal Thai Armed Forces designation (บ.ล.๕) corresponding to the HS 748-208 model.

Present civil operators

As of July 2020, there were 13 HS 748 aircraft (covering all versions) still active in airline operations. By May 2023, Transport Canada (TC) recorded 7 HS 748 aircraft holding valid Certificates of Registration within Canada.

The current operators include:

  • Air Creebec (operating 2 aircraft; TC records indicate 3 registered)
  • Avro Express (1 aircraft)
  • Planes For Africa (1 aircraft)
  • Wasaya Airways (4 aircraft registered with TC)
  • Zone 4 International (2 aircraft)

Previous civil operators

File:Hawker Siddeley HS-748 Srs2A-288LFD, Belgium - Air Force AN1188407.jpg
Belgian air force Hawker Siddeley HS-748
Template:Country data Afghanistan
Template:Country data Botswana
Template:Country data Antigua & Barbuda
Template:Country data Argentina
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas
Template:Country data Bophuthatswana
  • Bop Air (operated a single aircraft)
Template:Country data Brazil
  • Varig (11 total: one Avro 748 Series 2 prototype plus ten production models)
Template:Country data British Virgin Islands
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Template:Country data Cape Verde
Template:Country data Chile
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Template:Country data Guyana
File:Flag of India.svg India
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
  • Ryan Air (2 aircraft from 1986 to 1989, inaugurated Dublin-London Luton route)
Template:Country data Kenya
Template:Country data Madagascar
Template:Country data Malawi
Template:Country data Marshall Islands
Template:Country data Mexico
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
Template:Country data Panama
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal
Template:Country data Samoa
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa
Template:Country data Sri Lanka
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago
  • Trinidad and Tobago Air Service (TTAS)

Template:Country data Oman

File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Template:Country data Venezuela
Template:Country data Zambia

Present military users

File:Flag of India.svg India
  • Indian Air Force - Currently, 57 units remain active, gradually being phased out in favor of the Casa C295[4]. Initially utilized for transport missions, these aircraft now primarily support training and communication roles.[5]

Previous military users

File:Avro 748 A10-604 RAAF East Sale Lavtn 18.04.71 edited-3.jpg
Royal Australian Air Force HS.748 at RAAF Laverton in 1971
File:N15710atYSNW.JPG
An HS 748 from 723 Squadron of the Royal Australian Navy
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
Template:Country data Benin
Template:Country data Brazil
  • Brazilian Air Force
    • Operated twelve units designated as C-91 from 1962 until retirement in 2005
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei
Template:Country data Burkina Faso (formerly Template:Country data Upper Volta)
Template:Country data Cameroon
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador
File:Flag of India.svg India
Template:Country data Madagascar
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea
Template:Country data Sri Lanka
Template:Country data Tanzania
File:HS 748 Royal Thai airforce.JPG
HS 748 of the Royal Thai Air Force during Children’s Day, Bangkok, Thailand, 2016
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Template:Country data Venezuela
Template:Country data Zambia

Accidents and incidents

  • On 10 July 1965, an Avro 748-101 Series 1 with registration G-ARMV operated by Skyways Coach-Air was completely damaged in a landing mishap at Lympne Airport. All 51 occupants survived. This event marked the first occasion where an Avro 748 / HS748 was declared a total loss due to an accident.
  • On 15 August 1967, two separate accidents involving HS-748-222 Series 2 aircraft belonging to Channel Airways Limited occurred approximately an hour and a half apart at Portsmouth Airport. The first involved G-ATEK on a scheduled route from Southend to Paris via Portsmouth, which landed on a wet grass runway but failed to stop within the available distance, resulting in the aircraft sliding sideways off the runway and resting on an embankment. About 90 minutes later, G-ATEH, flying from Jersey through Guernsey to Portsmouth, also skidded upon landing, breached a perimeter fence, and came to rest on the main Eastern Road. Both incidents caused significant damage but no injuries. An investigation concluded that "both accidents were caused by insufficient braking due to the extremely low friction coefficient of the very wet grass surface over hard, dry, nearly impermeable sub-soil."
  • On 4 February 1970, Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 707, an Avro 748–105, crashed after pilots lost control near Loma Alta, Argentina, resulting in the deaths of all 37 passengers and crew.
  • On 21 April 1970, Philippine Airlines Flight 215, operating an Avro 748-209, was destroyed by a bomb explosion, killing all 36 individuals onboard.
  • On 9 December 1971, an Indian Airlines HS 748 descended into high terrain near Chinnamanur, approximately 50 miles (80 km) from Madurai airport. The crash claimed the lives of all four crew members and seventeen passengers; however, ten passengers survived. The accident happened during daylight under conditions of reduced visibility.
  • On 20 January 1976, a TAME HS 748-246 Series 2A with registration HC-AUE crashed into mountainous terrain at about 10,000 feet altitude while en route from Loja, Ecuador to Simón Bolívar International Airport in Guayaquil. The right wing struck trees leading to loss of control and impact with the mountainside. Six crew members and twenty-eight passengers died; eight passengers survived.
  • On 3 March 1978, a Línea Aeropostal Venezolana Hawker Siddeley HS 748 crashed shortly after departing from Simón Bolívar International Airport, killing all forty-seven people onboard.
  • On 7 September 1978, an Air Ceylon HS 748 registered as 4R-ACJ was destroyed by fire after terrorists detonated a bomb aboard while it was parked at Colombo-Ratmalana. No casualties occurred.
  • On 31 July 1979 at Sumburgh Airport in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, Dan-Air Flight 0034, an HS 748 series 1 (G-BEKF), failed to become airborne during takeoff and crashed into the sea. The cause was traced to the elevator gust-lock re-engaging accidentally, preventing rotation for flight. Seventeen people drowned as a result.
  • On 4 August 1979, Indian Airlines’ HAL-748 (VT-DXJ) crashed in the Kiroli Hills near Panvel, about eleven kilometers east of Bombay during a scheduled flight from Pune to Bombay. The aircraft was destroyed and all forty-five onboard perished.
  • On 22 August 1979, a former non-commissioned officer of the Colombian Air Force stole a military HS 748 (FAC-1101) from a hangar at Eldorado International Airport in Bogotá. The individual intended to crash the plane into his parents' residence but ran out of fuel shortly after takeoff and crashed instead, killing himself and three people on the ground.
  • On 27 April 1980, Thai Airways Flight 231 stalled and crashed while approaching Bangkok amidst a thunderstorm. Forty-four out of fifty-three occupants died.
  • On 26 June 1981, Dan-Air Flight 240, operating an HS 748 Series 2A mail flight from Gatwick Airport to East Midlands Airport, crashed near Nailstone in Leicestershire. During descent, the right rear door detached and struck the horizontal tailplane’s leading edge causing loss of control; the aircraft entered a steep dive and structural failure ensued. All three crew members died.
  • On 19 August 1981, Indian Airlines Flight 557 (HAL-748 VT-DXF) overshot the runway at Mangalore-Bajpe Airport in wet conditions. The aircraft stopped just beyond the runway boundary with no fatalities but sustained damage severe enough to be written off. Notably among the passengers was former Cabinet Minister Veerappa Moily.
  • On 11 October 1983, Air Illinois Flight 710 crashed at night during a thunderstorm between Pinckneyville and Tamaroa in Illinois. After takeoff from Chicago's Meigs Field with a stopover at Springfield, electrical failures occurred when the left generator failed and the first officer mistakenly isolated the functioning right generator. Despite attempts to restore power failing and low cloud ceilings preventing IFR below certain altitudes, the captain elected to continue rather than divert. The crew reported complete electrical failure before impact; all ten onboard were killed.
  • On 27 June 1987, Philippine Airlines Flight 206 collided with mountainous terrain during approach to Loakan Airport in Baguio amid poor visibility conditions. All fifty passengers and crew lost their lives.
  • On 15 September 1988, a Bradley Air Services HS-748 (C-GFFA) cargo aircraft crashed while on approach to Ottawa International Airport (YOW), Ontario. Both pilots were killed. After unloading cargo at Montreal-Dorval International Airport (YUL), it departed for Ottawa under IFR at about 09:58. At cruising altitude of approximately three thousand feet and around two hundred knots indicated airspeed (KIAS), sudden full deflections of both left and right ailerons caused an uncontrollable roll leading to ground impact within eighteen seconds; details include rolling through roughly four hundred sixty degrees with nose dropping significantly below horizon before crashing with nearly ninety degrees left bank and steep pitch down.
  • On 12 January 1989, another Bradley Air Services HS-748 (C-GDOV) crashed shortly after takeoff from Runway 24R at Dayton International Airport. After climbing to about thirteen hundred feet and initiating a right turn descent into terrain occurred approximately three quarters of a mile away when colliding with trees. The co-pilot had previously shown difficulty managing instrument flight due to disorientation or inadequate scan during high workload periods.
  • On 10 November 1993, Nothland Air Manitoba’s Hawker Siddeley HS-748-234 Series 2A (C-GQTH) departed Sandy Lake Airport (ZSJ/CZSJ), Ontario around eighteen hundred five hours local time on Runway 29. Witnesses observed unusually low altitude throughout a right turn until descending into trees roughly one nautical mile northwest of airport after turning approximately one hundred twenty degrees. Loss of AC power to some flight instruments contributed; cause undetermined. All seven onboard—three crew plus four passengers—perished.
  • On 28 April 1995, Sri Lanka Air Force Avro HS 748 serial CR835 (4R-HVB) was struck by an SA-7 missile fired by Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) immediately after takeoff from Palaly (Jaffna International Airport). Although crew managed return for landing attempt, fire damage led starboard wing to collapse near runway threshold; all forty-five occupants died.
  • The following day on April 29 1995 another Sri Lanka Air Force Avro HS 748 serial CR834 was similarly hit by an SA-7 missile from LTTE while approaching for landing; all fifty-two aboard including investigators were killed.
  • On January 11 1999 ASTE HAL-748 ASP/H-2175 crashed near Attur in Tamil Nadu after pilot loss of control resulted in impact with terrain killing both crew members and six passengers.
  • On September 5 1999 Necon Air Flight 128—a BAe 748-501 Super 2B registered as 9N-AEG—collided with a Nepal Telecommunication Corporation communication tower while approaching Tribhuvan International Airport near Kathmandu after departing Pokhara Airport. The crash site was located about twenty-five kilometers west of Kathmandu in wooded area; all fifteen onboard perished.
  • On June 1 2002 former South African cricket captain Hansie Cronje was aboard as sole passenger on an HS 748 cargo flight from Bloemfontein to George when poor visibility combined with faulty navigation equipment contributed to crash into Outeniqua Mountains northeast of George airport; Cronje aged thirty-two along with both pilots died. South Africa's High Court later attributed pilot error as contributing factor amid conspiracy theories regarding Cronje's death due to his involvement in match-fixing scandals.
  • On June 8 2004 Gabon Express Flight 221 suffered engine failure resulting in crash where nineteen out of thirty people onboard lost their lives.
  • On June 12 2012 a Wasaya Airways Hawker Siddeley HS 748 caught fire during ground handling operations at Sandy Lake First Nation in Northwestern Ontario; no injuries were reported but aircraft was destroyed except for left wing and nacelle components.
  • On February 17 2014 an HS 748-371 Series 2B crash-landed at Rubkona Airport (Bentiu) in South Sudan during humanitarian aid delivery operations; one crew member died while three others were injured.
  • On November 14 2014 a BAe HS-748 crashed on approach to Panyagor airstrip in South Sudan while conducting relief supply flights for Lutheran World Federation; two crew members were killed and one seriously injured.

Preserved Aircraft

File:A10-601 (16432349288).jpg
A10-601 coated with a protective spray at the RAAF Museum
File:HS.748 restaurant in Koggala (1).jpg
SCM-3101 located at SLAF Koggala
File:G-OPFW (14995690994).jpg
G-OPFW cockpit exhibited at the South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum

Australia

Brazil

Canada

Ecuador

South Africa

Sri Lanka

Thailand

United Kingdom

Specifications (Super 748)

Template:Aircraft specs

See also

Template:Aircontent

Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Avro 748." Flight International, 18 November 1960. p. 783.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "HS.748 looks to the 1980s." Flight International, 22 May 1976. p. 1342.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Avro 748 & Avro 748MF Andover." BAE Systems, Retrieved: 26 June 2019.
  4. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 5–11 December 2017, p. 33
  7. ↑ Cooper et al. 2011, p. 219
  8. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 5–11 December 2017, p. 46
  9. ↑ Cooper et al. 2011, p. 232
  10. ↑ Cooper et al. 2011, p. 234
  11. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

Bibliography

  • Blackman, Tony. "Flight Testing to Win." Lulu.com, 2005. ISBN 1-4116-4825-0.
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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External links

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