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Hole (band)

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Hole
Company typeBand
IndustryMusic
Founded1989 in Los Angeles, California, United States
FounderCourtney Love, Eric Erlandson
Headquarters
Los Angeles
,
United States
ProductsMusic albums, singles

Hole was an American alternative rock group established in Los Angeles, California, in 1989 by vocalist and guitarist Courtney Love alongside guitarist Eric Erlandson. The lineup included several bassists and drummers over time, with notable members such as drummer Patty Schemel and bassists Kristen Pfaff (deceased 1994) and Melissa Auf der Maur. Throughout the 1990s and early 2010s, Hole produced four studio albums during two separate phases, becoming one of the most commercially successful rock acts led by a female frontwoman.

Emerging from Los Angeles' punk rock environment, their debut record, Pretty on the Inside (1991), was produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth and received critical praise within alternative music circles in both the United States and the United Kingdom. Their sophomore effort, Live Through This (1994), released through DGC Records, combined elements of punk, grunge, and pop rock, reaching platinum certification within twelve months. The third album, Celebrity Skin (1998), marked a transition toward a more accessible sound, selling approximately two million copies globally and garnering widespread critical acclaim.

The band dissolved in 2002 as members embarked on separate ventures. In 2010, Love revived Hole with a new lineup despite Erlandson's assertion that this violated their prior agreement. This reassembled incarnation released Nobody's Daughter (2010), which was originally conceived as a solo project by Love. By 2013, Love decided to retire the Hole name to concentrate on her individual career.

Hole received four Grammy Award nominations and sold over three million units in the United States alone. Their impact on contemporary female musicians was significant, with recognition from both music critics and feminist scholars highlighting them as the foremost 1990s band addressing gender themes through Love's confrontational lyrics concerning body image, abuse, and sexual exploitation.

Background

Hole came into existence after Eric Erlandson replied to an advertisement Courtney Love placed in The Recycler during the summer of 1989. The ad stated: "I want to start a band. My influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac." Recalling their initial encounter, Erlandson said: "We met at this coffee shop, and I thought 'Oh, God. Oh, no, What am I getting myself into?' She grabbed me and said 'I know you're the right one,' before I even spoke." Love later described Erlandson as possessing a "Thurston Moore quality" and being an "intensely weird, good guitarist". In his 2012 publication Letters to Kurt, Erlandson disclosed that they had a sexual relationship during their first year together in the band, which Love also confirmed.

Prior to Hole's formation, Love led a transient existence within West Coast music circles, briefly joining Faith No More in San Francisco before relocating to Los Angeles after unsuccessful attempts at forming bands in Portland. While in LA, she appeared in two films directed by Alex Cox (Sid and Nancy and Straight to Hell). Meanwhile, Erlandson—a native of Los Angeles and alumnus of Loyola Marymount University—was employed as an accountant at Capitol Records when he met Love.

Initially, Love considered naming the band Sweet Baby Crystal Powered by God but ultimately chose Hole. On Later... with Jools Holland, she explained that the name was partially inspired by a line from Euripides' play Medea: "There is a hole that pierces right through me." She also referenced a conversation with her mother who told her she could not live with "a hole running through her." Love acknowledged the band's name carried an "obvious" sexual connotation referring to the vagina.

1989–1991: Formation and Indie Recognition

Prior to the band's official establishment, Love and Erlandson collaborated on songwriting and recordings during evenings at a Hollywood rehearsal space generously provided by the Red Hot Chili Peppers. To finance band expenses and equipment, Love supported herself by working as a stripper during daytime hours. Hole's initial practice sessions featured Love, Erlandson, and Lisa Roberts handling bass duties. Despite their raw and unrefined sound, Erlandson recognized promise in Love’s vocal delivery and songwriting. The band initially lacked a drummer until Caroline Rue joined after meeting Love at a concert featuring Gwar and L7. They expanded their lineup with guitarist Mike Geisbrecht, making their live debut at Raji's in Hollywood in October 1989. By early 1990, Geisbrecht and Roberts had departed; Jill Emery replaced Roberts on bass. Reports indicate Love dismissed Roberts following a conflict involving a club owner.

In April 1990, Hole released their debut single "Retard Girl", which bore strong no wave influences, followed by the 1991 single "Dicknail" through labels Sympathy for the Record Industry and Sub Pop. DJ Rodney Bingenheimer played a key role in securing radio play on KROQ-FM.

The band signed with Caroline Records in 1991 to produce their first full-length album. Love reached out to Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth to produce the record, sending her early singles alongside a note expressing admiration. Gordon accepted, collaborating with Don Fleming of Gumball (band). Released in September 1991, Pretty on the Inside garnered positive reviews within underground circles for its abrasive punk and sludge metal sound. It was recognized by Spin as one of the "20 Best Albums of the Year" and was voted album of the year by New York's Village Voice. The album reached number 59 on the UK albums chart. The single "Teenage Whore" achieved the top position on the UK Indie Chart, accompanied by Hole’s first music video for "Garbadge Man".

Musically, Pretty on the Inside was characterized by distorted guitars, disordered riffs, explicit lyrics, and vocals that fluctuated between whispers and screams. Despite critical praise and a devoted fan base, Love later described the album as "unlistenable". The band toured Europe supporting Mudhoney, alongside sporadic performances at US punk venues such as CBGB and Whisky a Go Go, opening for acts like the Smashing Pumpkins. A memorable live moment involved Love smashing her guitar's headstock onstage.

By mid-1991, interest from major record labels increased; among them was Maverick, founded by Madonna and Freddy DeMann. Love declined their offer, expressing concerns about superficial marketing and discomfort with sharing a label with Madonna. She metaphorically compared Madonna's interest to "kind of like Dracula's interest in his latest victim".

1992–1995: Live Through This Era

In 1992, Love and Erlandson commenced writing new songs for Hole’s sophomore album during Love’s pregnancy with Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. The band's musical direction shifted towards a more melodic rock style, prompting the exit of bassist Emery and drummer Caroline Rue. Patty Schemel joined as drummer in April 1992 following auditions; however, the band lacked a permanent bassist for much of that year. During this time, Love, Schemel, and Erlandson collaborated on composing new material.

Hole secured an eight-album deal with Geffen’s DGC label late in 1992. In spring 1993, they issued the single "Beautiful Son," produced by Jack Endino who also played bass on the track. Love contributed bass on the B-side "20 Years In the Dakota" as well as on their entry for the 1993 Germs tribute album A Small Circle of Friends. Later that year, Kristen Pfaff joined as bassist. The group toured the UK performing songs from their forthcoming major-label debut Live Through This, which was recorded in October 1993 at Triclops Studios in Marietta, Georgia.

Released on April 12, 1994—shortly after Cobain’s death—Live Through This received widespread critical acclaim and achieved multi-platinum status. It produced singles including "Doll Parts," "Violet," and "Miss World." The album was honored as "Album of the Year" by Spin magazine and ranked twelfth among NME’s top albums of 1994. Rolling Stone praised it as a compelling articulation of female rebellion.

Despite persistent rumors suggesting Cobain authored most of the album—a claim repudiated by the band—producers noted Cobain was unfamiliar with many tracks; Love persuaded him to provide backing vocals on two songs. Drummer Patty Schemel affirmed that Love and Erlandson were responsible for writing Live Through This.

In 1994 Pfaff entered rehabilitation but tragically died from a heroin overdose two months following Cobain’s passing. This led Hole to postpone touring plans and withdraw from Lollapalooza that year. Melissa Auf der Maur joined as bassist in summer 1994, enabling the band to resume touring with notable performances such as at Reading Festival—described by John Peel as "teetering on the edge of chaos." They toured globally through 1994–95, appearing at major events including KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas, Saturday Night Live, Big Day Out, MTV Unplugged, Reading Festival, Lollapalooza ’95, and received an MTV Video Music Awards nomination for "Doll Parts".

Love’s volatile stage persona attracted considerable media attention during this time. A notable backstage confrontation occurred between her and Kathleen Hanna at Lollapalooza 1995. In an August 1995 Rolling Stone interview, Schemel publicly came out as lesbian, highlighting Love’s supportive approach within Hole.

The band released their first EP Ask for It in September 1995 featuring recordings from their 1991 Peel session along with covers of songs by Wipers and Velvet Underground. Their final performance that year took place on September 3 at the Molson Polar Beach Party in Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories—a promotional event featuring acts like Metallica and Veruca Salt.

1996–1999: Celebrity Skin Period

In 1996 Hole recorded a rendition of Fleetwood Mac's "Gold Dust Woman" for The Crow: City of Angels soundtrack; this marked their initial studio recording with Melissa Auf der Maur on bass under producer Ric Ocasek. During this era they also issued two retrospective releases: the EP The First Session (1997), showcasing early recordings including unreleased "Turpentine", and their inaugural compilation album My Body, The Hand Grenade (1997), which compiled early singles, b-sides, and live tracks.

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In 1997 Hole began recording sessions at Conway Recording Studios in Los Angeles after preliminary writing phases across Miami, New Orleans, London, and New York. Over ten months they crafted their third studio album Celebrity Skin (1998), which incorporated power pop influences into their hard rock foundation. Love drew inspiration from bands like Fleetwood Mac and My Bloody Valentine, intending to “deconstruct the California Sound” associated with L.A. icons such as The Doors, The Beach Boys, and The Byrds. Billy Corgan of Smashing Pumpkins contributed creatively to five tracks—offering arrangement guidance though not lyric writing; Love remained sole lyricist.

Although Corgan later asserted entitlement to full writing credits, guitarist Eric Erlandson clarified Corgan's role was limited to arrangement assistance without lyric contributions. During production challenges arose when drummer Patty Schemel was replaced by session musician Deen Castronovo under producer Michael Beinhorn, leading to Schemel’s departure—a decision later regretted by both Love and Erlandson. Drummer Samantha Maloney was recruited for touring and video appearances.

Critically acclaimed upon release, Celebrity Skin achieved commercial success with singles like "Celebrity Skin," "Malibu," and "Awful" receiving substantial airplay. Esteemed publications such as Rolling Stone, NME, Blender, along with a four-star review from the Los Angeles Times, lauded it as an emotionally intense work destined for thorough analysis. The album peaked at number nine on the Billboard 200, while its title track became Hole’s only number one hit on the Modern Rock Tracks. Follow-up single "Malibu" reached number three on that chart.

1999–2002: Final Touring Years and Dissolution

During winter 1998–99 Hole toured promoting Celebrity Skin, joining Marilyn Manson on the Beautiful Monsters Tour. The tour attracted significant media attention but ended prematurely after nine dates due to an inequitable financial split favoring Manson's camp alongside predominantly Manson fans attending shows. Onstage exchanges between Manson and Love included mutual mockery; Love criticized Manson’s Bible-tearing antics openly. Following negative reception at Portland's Rose Garden Arena where Manson fans booed Hole’s performance, Hole officially withdrew from the tour.

Post-tour Hole continued headlining concerts and festivals. Bassist Melissa Auf der Maur recalled that during final songs Love frequently invited audience members onto stage to sing along. A tragic incident occurred June 17, 1999 at Sweden’s Hultsfred Festival when a nineteen-year-old fan died amidst mosh pit activity during their set. Hole’s last concert before disbandment took place July 14, 1999 at Vancouver's Thunderbird Stadium.

In October 1999 Auf der Maur left to tour with The Smashing Pumpkins; Samantha Maloney departed several months later. Their final release was "Be a Man", featured in film Any Given Sunday (1999) — an outtake from the Celebrity Skin sessions released March 2000. In April 2002 Love announced collaboration with Linda Perry yielding nine songs; however less than one month later she confirmed via website that she and Erlandson had officially disbanded Hole.

Following breakup Erlandson pursued production work forming experimental group RRIICCEE with Vincent Gallo while Love launched solo career debuting with America's Sweetheart (2004), co-writing songs with Perry. Auf der Maur also embarked on solo projects releasing self-titled debut in 2004—with guest guitar contributions from Erlandson—and follow-up album Out of Our Minds (2010). Prior to disbandment Hole’s discography comprised thirteen singles, three full-length albums, three EPs, plus one compilation.

2009–2013: Reunion Phase

Seven years after disbanding, it was reported June 17, 2009 that Love intended to reform Hole alongside guitarist Micko Larkin for new recordings; Melissa Auf der Maur was invited to provide backing vocals though she later stated she was unaware of any reunion plans beyond contributing harmonies. Eric Erlandson indicated any reunion would require his participation due to existing contractual commitments.

Hole launched new online presence January 1, 2010 followed by television appearance on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross in February. On February 17 they performed full set at London's O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire, supported by indie act Little Fish. Their first single in a decade "Skinny Little Bitch", released March 16 peaked at No.29 on Billboard Rock Chart and No.21 on Alternative Singles chart receiving radio airplay across active rock formats.

Their fourth studio album Nobody's Daughter debuted worldwide April 26, 2010 via Mercury Records garnering mixed reviews overall. While receiving three stars from Rolling Stone, critics noted diminished vocal strength yet acknowledged it as a commendable effort; comparisons were drawn between Love’s raspy voice and Bob Dylan’s style. The album earned moderate ratings including a six out of ten from NME while critic Robert Christgau awarded it an "A−" citing its cathartic punk energy.

Between 2010–2012 Hole toured extensively across North America and Europe including performances in Russia and Brazil.

On March 28, 2011 members Love, Erlandson, Patty Schemel and Auf der Maur reunited publicly during screening of Schemel’s documentary Hit So Hard at New York’s Museum of Modern Art—their first joint appearance in thirteen years—with Schemel expressing interest in future recording collaborations contingent upon productive progress.

An unreleased video for "Samantha" was filmed May 2011 in Istanbul; drummer Scott Lipps replaced Stu Fisher in September that year. In April 2012 original lineup minus Maloney reunited briefly for two-song set at Hit So Hard after-party marking first performance together since breakup.

On December 29, 2012 Love performed solo acoustic set in New York City followed by Sundance Film Festival appearance January 2013; she scheduled further North American solo shows supported by Larkin along with bassist Shawn Dailey and drummer Lipps.

2014–2016: Second Disbandment

On December 28, 2013 social media posts showed photos of Love with Erlandson hinting towards possible reunion plans for 2014; tags included Melissa Auf der Maur and former manager Peter Mensch suggesting reconciliations underway.

On April 2nd Rolling Stone announced reunion of classic Celebrity Skin lineup featuring Patty Schemel replacing Samantha Maloney though mistakenly linked solo single “Wedding Day” to reunion efforts; Love clarified relationship status remained uncertain describing situation as fragile without guarantees while band members expressed mixed reactions.

In May interview Love acknowledged releasing Nobody's Daughter under Hole name had been an error echoing Erlandson’s view about brand dilution; she expressed intention to reserve Hole identity for classic lineup expected by fans.

Love detailed ongoing member activities: Patty teaching drums playing indie bands; Melissa pursuing metal projects targeting major festivals; Eric continuing experimental guitar collaborations—all maintaining amicable relations contrasting typical reunion conflicts.

2019–present: Prospects of Reformation & Attempts

In October 2019 Hole rehearsed near Los Angeles’ Hollywood Walk of Fame but no further developments ensued due to Love relocating to United Kingdom. Plans involving performances by Love and Auf Der Maur at “Bans Off My Body” event were canceled amid COVID-19 pandemic restrictions starting March 2020.

Musical Style

Hole's initial sound drew heavily from no wave alongside experimental influences evident in early releases such as "Retard Girl". Lead vocalist Courtney Love cited inspirations ranging widely—from post-punk icons like Echo & the Bunnymen to classic rock legends including Neil Young and Fleetwood Mac. Their debut album Pretty on the Inside showcased noisy guitars combined with punk rock aggression featuring discordant melodies layered over distortion and feedback while vocals alternated between hushed tones and intense screams. Early compositions employed unconventional tunings reminiscent of Sonic Youth though Love aspired towards fusing grindcore intensity with pop sensibilities alike. Both Love and Erlandson admired LA punk pioneers such as the Germs—their inaugural song inspired directly by Germs' track "Forming."

Their sophomore effort Live Through This mellowed some sonic harshness while retaining punk roots; Love sought balance between provocative content paired with robust musical edge. With third album Celebrity Skin, power pop elements infused their hard rock style drawing inspiration notably from California heritage bands like Fleetwood Mac alongside shoegaze textures akin to My Bloody Valentine—the intent being deconstruction of stereotypical California Sound linked historically with acts such as The Doors or The Beach Boys.

The band's final studio release before hiatuses—2010's Nobody's Daughter—shifted toward folk rock incorporating acoustic guitars alongside gentler melodic structures.

Chord progressions throughout their catalog primarily stemmed from punk traditions described by Love herself as “grungey” without strictly adhering to grunge genre conventions per se; critics observed their style combined deceptively delicate strumming interspersed with explosive guitar choruses creating dynamic interplay between harshness contrasted against melodic sophistication.

Lyrical Themes

In interviews circa early career phases circa ’91’, Courtney emphasized lyrics held paramount importance within songwriting craft for her artistic expression.[1] Her lyrical content explored complex subjects including body image issues, sexual assault experiences, child abuse narratives addiction struggles celebrity culture critique suicide themes elitism perceptions alongside feelings tied to inferiority complexes—all often framed through feminist viewpoints.[2][3] This feminist stance frequently led observers mistakenly associating Hole with riot grrrl movement—a connection criticized openly by Love.[2]

Love remarked in conversation with Everett True: “I try placing beautiful imagery adjacent to fucked up imagery because that's how I see things... sometimes I feel no one's taken time writing about certain topics within rock music providing female perspectives.”[4] Author Charles R. Cross described lyrics from Live Through This as intimate reflections akin to diary entries,[5] many lyrics from debut derived directly from her personal journals.[6]

Literary influences permeated songwriting: titles such as Live Through This alongside tracks like "Asking for It" reference cultural works such as 'Gone With the Wind';Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name “[Celebrity Skin]” contains quotations drawn from Shakespeare’s 'The Merchant of Venice' Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name along with Dante Rossetti’s poem 'A Superscription'.[7] Early twenties saw brief academic study focused on English literature.[8]

Live Performances

Throughout ’90s tenure media spotlight often fixated upon Courtney Love’s unpredictable stage conduct characterized by equipment destruction post-concerts erratic inter-song monologues inviting fans onto stage along with stage diving episodes occasionally resulting in torn clothing or injuries—a spectacle journalist John Homans highlighted describing frequent stage diving occurrences as striking emblematic moments within rock culture circa mid-90s coverage.

Touring partner Nina Gordon from Veruca Salt recalled witnessing chaotic stage presence noting other band members often remained passive observers while much behavior linked directly to heavy substance use prevalent during period—a factor later acknowledged negatively impacting personal wellbeing along professional reputation by Love herself.

Love’s distinctive fashion aesthetic dubbed “kinderwhore” drew inspiration partially from Carroll Baker’s wardrobe seen in film ‘Baby Doll’ (1956) featuring babydoll dresses slips nightgowns complemented by smeared makeup looks described variously as “debauched ragdoll” or politically charged reinterpretation evolving grunge style into high fashion statement per critics including Kurt Loder John Peel Rolling Stone who noted performances teetering between chaos generating intense audience tension especially during Reading Festival appearances circa ’94

Setlists commonly embraced loose structure incorporating improvisational jams unreleased material evolving towards less aggressive controlled performances post-’98 though audience engagement remained high through fan interaction via stage invitations or crowd mingling throughout shows.

Legacy

Hole emerged among most commercially successful female-fronted alternative rock acts selling over three million records domestically between early ’90s through decade following despite Courtney Love’s polarizing public profile consistently receiving critical acclaim noted especially for feminist lyrical content credited with articulating third-wave feminist consciousness within music scene contemporaneously aligning subversive stage persona expressing themes encompassing pain anger survival amidst adversity Music journalist Maria Raha identified Hole as highest-profile female-fronted ’90s group openly addressing feminism thematically

Influential impact likened by Rolling Stone comparing Love’s role within band akin John Lennon Yoko Ono partnership emphasizing confrontational presence vocal strength punk-pop songwriting establishing her alternative-rock star status independent author Nick Wise similarly observed intense scrutiny surrounding personal life career trajectory

Artists citing influence include indie singer-songwriter Scout Niblett Brody Dalle (The Distillers Spinnerette) Sky Ferreira Lana Del Rey Tove Lo Tegan Sara Annie Hardy (Giant Drag) Victoria Legrand (Beach House) British rock ensemble Nine Black Alps Band ranked seventy-seventh within VH1 list ‘100 Greatest Hard Rock Artists’

Materials loss

Universal Studios Hollywood suffered fire damage in 2008 destroying properties owned by Universal Music Group Reports indicated multiple artists including Hole lost master recordings Subsequently lawsuit filed against UMG regarding losses however August sixteen nineteen removed Hole after UMG asserted none original masters destroyed pending verification

Members

Timeline

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  1. Note timeline details preserved but simplified here per instruction.

</timeline>

Discography

Accolades

Awards received or nominated for Hole
Award Year Category Work(s) Outcome
Grammy Awards 1999 Best Rock Album Celebrity Skin Template:Nom
Best Rock Song "Celebrity Skin" Template:Nom
Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group Template:Nom
2000 Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group "Malibu" Template:Nom
MTV Video Music Awards 1995 Best Alternative Video "Doll Parts" Template:Nom
1999 Best Cinematography "Malibu" Template:Nom
NME Awards 1999 Best Band Hole Template:Nom
Best Album Celebrity Skin Template:Nom
Best Single "Celebrity Skin" Template:Nom

! scope="row"|Spin Readers' Poll ! scope="row"|{{{1}}}'94' ! Album of the Year ! ‘’Live Through This’’ ! Won


|}

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named flipside
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named reillyphoebe
  3. ↑ Sfn|Burns|Lafrance|2002|pages=98–103
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sidelines
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named behindthemusic
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bigday
  7. ↑ Sfn|Latham|2003|p=2
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named thepoweroflove