IBM 1442
| Company type | Hardware device |
|---|---|
| Industry | Computer hardware |
| Predecessor | IBM 1402 (related technology) |
| Products | Punched card reader and punch |
IBM 1442 refers to an IBM device designed for reading and punching 80-column punched cards formatted according to IBM standards. This unit was integrated with systems including the IBM 1440, IBM 1130, IBM 1800, System/360, and was also offered as an option for the IBM System/3. The IBM 1442 served as a fundamental component in data entry and output processes across these platforms, fulfilling the data processing requirements of businesses during its operational period.
Overview
Capable of reading up to 400 cards per minute, the 1442 processes cards sequentially, column by column, and supports binary card formats. Unlike the IBM 1402, which uses wire brush technology, the 1442 employs photocells illuminated through fiber optics for card reading. Remarkably, it can produce "IBM Doilies"—cards punched with every possible hole—without causing damage.
This device is equipped with two output stackers, enabling programmed sorting that directs cards into one of two designated stacks. Cards are inserted "face down, nine-edge first," then read and routed accordingly. The 1442 itself does not provide printing on cards; instead, printing is performed offline using an older IBM 557 interpreter.
Models
Various models differ in their inclusion of reading and punching capabilities.
Reader/Punch models
- 1442 Model 1: Offers a reading speed of 80 cards per minute (cpm) and punching speeds ranging from 50 to 270 cpm depending on columns punched; includes one standard stacker with an optional second.
- 1442 Model 2: Delivers reading at 400 cpm and punching between 91 and 360 cpm; comes standard with two stackers.
- 1442 Model 6: Compatible with IBM System/3 or IBM 1130, reads at 300 cpm and punches at a rate of 80 columns per second.
- 1442 Model 7: Designed for System/3 or IBM 1130 connections, reads at 400 cpm and punches at 180 columns per second.
- 1442 Model N1: Interfaces with IBM System/360 and System/370 systems, reads at 400 cpm, punches at a speed of 160 columns per second.
Reader-only models
Models without punching functions include:
- 1442 Model 3: Connects to IBM 1410 or IBM 7010 systems, reads cards at a rate of 400 cpm with one standard stacker.
- 1442 Model 4: Designed for attachment to an IBM 1440 system, also reading at 400 cpm but equipped with two standard stackers.
Punch-only models
- 1442 Model 5: A punch-exclusive device intended for use with the IBM 2922 Programmable Terminal and IBM System/360 Model 20, featuring one stacker and capable of punching up to 160 columns per second (91–355 cards per minute).
- 1442 Model N2: Punch-only model compatible with the IBM System/360 (excluding model 20) and IBM System/370, punching at a rate of 160 columns per second.
2501/1442 combination
To overcome the limitations of the IBM 1442—namely its maximum input speed capped at 400 cards per minute and its requirement for constant operator attention—the device was often paired with the faster IBM 2501 card reader. This pairing provides:
- Enhanced input throughput
- Buffered operation through the use of the 2501 reader, which prevents data overruns during periods when system channels are occupied