Jump to content

NPR

From Alfawiki
National Public Radio
Company typeNonprofit organization
IndustryPublic broadcasting
FoundedFebruary 26, 1970; 56 years ago (1970-02-26) in Washington, D.C., United States
Headquarters
Washington, D.C.
,
United States
Area served
United States
Key people
John Lansing (President and CEO)
ProductsRadio programming, podcasts, news and cultural content
Number of employees
Not specified (includes temporary employees up to 22% as of 2018)
Websitewww.npr.org

National Public Radio (NPR) is a public broadcasting entity based in the United States, with its main office located in Washington, D.C. and NPR West operating out of Culver City, California. It distributes programming to more than 1,000 public radio stations across the country.

The organization's funding is derived from member station fees, corporate sponsorships, and grants provided by the publicly funded Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The majority of these member stations function as nonprofit organizations, including those affiliated with public school systems and universities. NPR maintains full editorial independence in its operations.

NPR creates and disseminates both news and cultural content, featuring prominent drive-time programs such as Morning Edition and All Things Considered, which rank among the most widely listened-to radio shows nationwide. As of 2018, these flagship programs reached weekly audiences estimated at approximately 14.9 million and 14.7 million listeners, respectively.

The organization oversees the Public Radio Satellite System, which distributes NPR content alongside productions from independent entities like American Public Media and Public Radio Exchange. NPR also functions as a key entry point for the Emergency Alert System. Its programming is available on-demand through online platforms, mobile networks, and podcasts. Additionally, several NPR affiliates broadcast content from the British BBC World Service.

Name

The official designation of the organization is National Public Radio, while NPR serves as its trademarked brand; both names are utilized. Since June 2010, NPR has prioritized consistent branding across on-air and digital platforms to align with its widespread recognition. Despite this branding emphasis, National Public Radio remains the formal name since its inception in 1970.

1970s

Founded on February 26, 1970, NPR succeeded the National Educational Radio Network following the establishment of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) under the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. This legislation also led to the creation of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). A CPB-appointed committee chaired by John Witherspoon selected Bernard Mayes as NPR’s board chair. Donald Quayle was appointed as NPR’s inaugural president, managing a staff of 30 employees and overseeing 90 founding member stations from its headquarters in Washington, D.C..

NPR's first broadcast took place on April 20, 1971, featuring coverage of Senate hearings concerning the Vietnam War. Its flagship news program, All Things Considered, premiered on May 3, 1971, with Robert Conley as host. Initially concentrating on content production and distribution, NPR merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations in 1977. The well-known Morning Edition launched on November 5, 1979, hosted by Bob Edwards.

1980s

In 1983, NPR encountered a financial shortfall amounting to $7 million due to expansion initiatives. Following a Congressional investigation and the resignation of then-president Frank Mankiewicz, CPB extended a loan to prevent bankruptcy. As part of this arrangement, funding was restructured so that CPB grants were funneled directly to local stations subscribing to NPR programming. Furthermore, NPR converted its satellite service into a cooperative model—the Public Radio Satellite System—which facilitated wider national distribution including programs from non-NPR producers. The organization eliminated its debt within three years.

1990s

In January 1994, Delano Lewis, previously president of C&P Telephone, assumed the roles of CEO and president at NPR, stepping down in August 1998. Later that year, in November, Kevin Klose, who was then leading the International Broadcasting Bureau, was named NPR's new president and CEO.

2000s

NPR allocated close to $13 million to establish NPR West, a production center located in Culver City, California, which began operations in November 2002. This facility was created to enhance NPR's production capabilities and broaden coverage across the western United States, while also functioning as an essential backup to the main NPR headquarters in Washington.

In a historic event in November 2003, NPR received a $235 million bequest from the estate of Joan B. Kroc, effectively doubling its yearly operating budget and setting a record for the largest donation ever made to a U.S. cultural organization.

The infusion from the Kroc estate increased NPR's 2004 budget by more than 50%, reaching $153 million. Additionally, $34 million was added to its endowment, which had previously stood at $35 million. Income generated from this endowment was directed toward expanding the newsroom staff and lowering fees charged to member stations. The organization's budget for 2005 was approximately $120 million.

NPR ventured into podcasting in August 2005, launching over 170 programs sourced from both NPR and its member stations. By November of that year, these podcasts had been downloaded five million times; by March 2015, downloads of NPR-exclusive podcasts had surged to 94 million annually. Popular shows such as Fresh Air and TED Radio Hour consistently appeared among the top rankings on iTunes.

In September 2006, Ken Stern took over as CEO from Kevin Klose, who continued serving as president. Stern had previously collaborated with Klose during their time at Radio Free Europe.

On December 10, 2008, NPR announced a reduction of its workforce by 7% and the cancellation of programs Day to Day and News & Notes, due to a significant drop in corporate underwriting revenue amid the 2008 financial crisis.

By autumn 2008, NPR's programming reached an unprecedented weekly audience of 27.5 million listeners, with overall station reach totaling 32.7 million.

In March 2008, Ken Stern resigned as CEO following disagreements with the board concerning NPR’s strategic priorities and expansion into new media platforms that affected member stations' interests.

By the year 2009, corporate sponsorship represented 26% of NPR’s total budget.

2010s

In October 2010, NPR obtained a $1.8 million grant from the Open Society Institute to initiate the Impact of Government project. This initiative aimed to deploy more than 100 journalists across NPR member stations nationwide by 2013. The OSI had previously supported NPR without requiring on-air recognition.

In April 2013, NPR moved from its long-standing headquarters at 635 Massachusetts Avenue NW to a newly renovated facility at 1111 North Capitol Street NE within Washington’s expanding NoMa district. This relocation unified office spaces and production areas in a modernized building that formerly housed the C&P Telephone Warehouse. The first broadcast from these studios was Weekend Edition Saturday, followed shortly by Morning Edition.

In June 2013, NPR discontinued the weekday call-in program Talk of the Nation. Later that year, voluntary buyouts were offered aiming to reduce staff by approximately 10% in order to achieve a balanced budget by fiscal year 2015.

By December 2018, temporary employees accounted for between 20% and 22% of NPR’s workforce—a figure notably higher than typical for-profit media organizations—raising internal concerns about employment stability. The president of operations at NPR defended this approach as essential for fostering innovation and maintaining organizational flexibility.

Also during 2018, NPR launched Remote Audio Data (RAD), an analytics platform tailored for podcasts that provides detailed listening insights while safeguarding user privacy. Developed under Stacey Goers’ leadership, RAD underscores NPR’s strategic emphasis on data-informed content distribution and audience analysis.

2020s

In November 2022, CEO John Lansing revealed a $10 million reduction in NPR's budget, representing approximately three percent of its yearly funding, attributed to a decline in sponsorship income. By February 2023, confronting a revenue deficit estimated between $30 and $32 million due to falling advertising sales, NPR announced plans for workforce reductions impacting about 10% of employees, with an operational budget near $300 million.

In January 2024, NPR named former Wikimedia Foundation CEO Katherine Maher as its incoming CEO, with her tenure commencing in late March.

On January 31, 2025, the U.S. Department of Defense mandated NPR to relocate from its longstanding office within the Pentagon as part of the newly implemented Annual Media Rotation Program for the Pentagon Press Corps.

Governance

NPR functions as a membership-based organization consisting of non-commercial or educational radio stations that satisfy defined operational standards. Each member station is entitled to one vote during the annual board meeting, exercised by an Authorized Station Representative (A-Rep).

The board of directors is responsible for overseeing daily management and financial planning. Following a bylaw amendment in 2015, the board expanded to include 23 members: 12 Member Directors (station managers elected by member stations), 9 Public Directors (notable public figures appointed by the board and ratified by members), along with the NPR Foundation Chair and the President & CEO. Board terms last three years with staggered elections to ensure continuity.

As of 2024, prominent members of the board are:

NPR member station managers
  • Jennifer Ferro, KCRW president and board chair
  • Stephen George, general manager at Louisville Public Media
  • Myrna Johnson, executive director of Iowa Public Radio
  • Margaret Low, CEO of WBUR
  • R.C. McBride, general manager for WGLT and WCBU
  • Maria O'Mara, executive director at KUER
  • Tina Pamintuan, CEO of St. Louis Public Radio
  • Elise Pepple, executive director of Marfa Public Radio
  • Erika Pulley-Hayes, general manager of WAMU
  • Mike Savage, director and general manager at WEKU
Executive leadership
  • John Lansing, president and CEO
NPR Foundation Chair
  • John McGinn
Public directors
  • Milena Alberti-Perez, executive in finance and media
  • Matthew Barzun, media entrepreneur and author
  • Scott Donaton, founder of Narrative Thread and former Hulu senior vice president of marketing
  • LeRoy Kim, managing director at Allen & Company LLC
  • Joanna Lambert, head of consumer at Yahoo!
  • Catherine Levene, executive and vice chair of NPR’s board
  • Judith Segura, lead thermal architect at Apple
  • Howard Wollner, retired senior vice president at Starbucks
  • Neal Zuckerman, managing director at BCG

NPR’s fundamental objectives encompass delivering consistently high-quality journalism; offering comprehensive public affairs reporting; producing cultural programming; fostering cooperative program creation with member stations; developing specialized content tailored for regional or group audiences; facilitating international program exchanges; and promoting advancements in radio art and technology.

The Public Editor handles significant listener concerns and reports directly to the president and CEO. Kelly McBride assumed this position in April 2020.

List of presidents/CEOs

Funding

In 2020, NPR forecasted fiscal year 2021 revenue at $250 million, reflecting a minor decrease attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects. Operating costs were projected at $240 million, inclusive of debt obligations and capital expenditures, leading to a $4 million cash shortfall and necessitating budget reductions totaling $25 million.

Funding before 2000

During the 1970s and early 1980s, NPR’s financial support was largely dependent on federal government funding. Efforts by the Reagan administration aimed to eliminate this reliance; however, the funding crisis in 1983 compelled NPR to implement immediate operational adjustments.

Funding in the 2000s

Data from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting indicate that federal funds comprised approximately 11% of public radio revenues in 2009 and slightly declined to 10.9% by 2012. In 2010, NPR reported total revenue of $180 million, primarily sourced from programming fees, foundation and corporate grants, listener contributions, and sponsorships. Roughly half of NPR’s income derived from fees charged to member stations for programming and distribution services. These member stations generate their own revenue through listener pledge drives, corporate underwriting, government funding, educational institution support, and CPB grants. Federal grants represent less than one percent of NPR’s overall revenue.

In 2011, NPR established an online advertising network that allowed member stations to run geographically targeted advertisements from national sponsors, thereby diversifying advertising income. The introduction of Center Stage in 2013 brought native advertising and banner ads to NPR’s homepage, initially partnering with Squarespace.

By 2014, under CEO Jarl Mohn’s leadership, NPR sought to boost revenue by attracting underwriters more closely aligned with its audience profile and negotiating higher sponsorship rates. Operating revenues increased from $235 million in fiscal year 2018 to nearly $259 million in fiscal year 2019.

In 2023, NPR collaborated with Spotify to offer targeted podcast ad placements through the Spotify Audience Network during unsold advertising inventory, expanding monetization within its audio content.

Underwriting spots versus commercials

NPR’s radio programming does not feature conventional commercials as seen in commercial broadcasting. Instead, it airs brief underwriting acknowledgments from major sponsors that may include corporate slogans, descriptions of products or services, and contact details such as websites or phone numbers. These underwriting messages comply with FCC regulations and truth-in-advertising standards that prohibit explicit promotion or endorsement of for-profit products or services. These restrictions apply solely to radio broadcasts and do not extend to NPR’s digital platforms.

Concerning financial trends, then-CEO Vivian Schiller noted in 2009 that underwriting income had declined amid the economic recession, mirroring broader industry patterns affecting sponsorship and advertising revenues. Hosts of NPR’s program Planet Money have pointed out that although NPR does not sell its audience directly to advertisers in a traditional manner, its listener base shares many attributes with commercial media audiences, underscoring the nuanced role underwriting plays within NPR’s revenue model.

Audience

NPR's weekly listenership reached 30.7 million in 2022, according to NPR data, marking a decline from the 2017 high of 37.7 million but remaining considerably above the 20.9 million recorded in 2008.

Demographics

By 2015, the terrestrial radio audience of NPR was mainly composed of white listeners, accounting for 87%, while 67% of podcast consumers identified as white. A Pew Research Center survey conducted in 2012 revealed that NPR’s audience tends to be well-educated, with 54% possessing a college degree and an additional 21% having attended some college. The gender distribution is nearly balanced, with males at 49% and females at 51%. Furthermore, a significant portion of listeners—43%—report annual incomes exceeding $75,000.

Politically, NPR’s audience shows a Democratic inclination; a 2012 survey noted that 43% identified as Democrats, and by 2019, this figure rose to 87% who either identified with or leaned toward the Democratic Party. Additionally, the audience includes a substantial moderate segment, representing 39%, alongside smaller percentages identifying as conservative or liberal.

Trust

A Harris telephone survey from 2005 ranked NPR as the most trusted news outlet in the United States. In a Pew Research poll conducted in 2014, 55% of adults familiar with NPR expressed trust in the organization, a level comparable to that of CNN, NBC, and ABC.

Ratings

While NPR stations subscribe to Nielsen ratings services, they are frequently omitted from published rankings such as those by Radio & Records. Audience measurement employs both Diary and Portable People Meter (PPM) markets, with PPM data offering wider accessibility for media planning purposes. NPR’s flagship broadcasts—Morning Edition and All Things Considered—each drew approximately 14.6 million weekly listeners as of 2017. The Radio Research Consortium provides Arbitron data to support NPR and other non-commercial broadcasters.

Digital media

NPR’s involvement in digital media began with Public Interactive, a for-profit firm established in 1999 that was acquired by Public Radio International (PRI) in 2004 and transitioned into a non-profit entity. By 2008, Public Interactive supported 170 subscribers operating across 325 public radio and television stations, including programs such as Car Talk, The World, and The Tavis Smiley Show. NPR purchased Public Interactive from PRI in July 2008. In 2011, NPR reorganized by converting the Boston-based Public Interactive into NPR Digital Services, which operates separately from Washington D.C.–based NPR Digital Media responsible for managing NPR-branded platforms. NPR Digital Services continued its support for public television stations.

Core Publisher serves as the technological foundation for NPR’s digital news publishing efforts; it is built upon Drupal, an open-source content management system.

In 2021, NPR received recognition for effectively engaging the "Twitter generation," utilizing Twitter as a vital channel for information dissemination. A survey conducted in 2010 involving over 10,000 participants indicated that NPR’s Twitter audience was younger and more digitally engaged, accessing content through channels such as the Peabody Award-winning npr.org website, podcasts, and mobile applications. By 2014, NPR managed multiple Twitter accounts—including @NPR—with most followers interacting with two to five accounts covering various topics, programs, and on-air personalities.

NPR’s Facebook presence originated in 2008 when college student Geoff Campbell created the page before it was taken over by NPR itself; by 2010, it had amassed nearly four million fans. This social media strategy aimed at attracting a younger demographic complemented NPR’s overall digital approach. Additionally, NPR maintained an active YouTube channel featuring news stories and informational videos.

In May 2018, an entity led by NPR acquired the podcast application Pocket Casts. Later, on July 16, 2021, Pocket Casts was purchased from NPR by Automattic.

NPR One

Introduced in July 2014, NPR One is a mobile application available on iOS and Android platforms, created to simplify access to local NPR stations and podcasts via autoplay and intuitive navigation. Since its debut, NPR One has broadened its availability to include Windows mobile, web browsers, Chromecast, Apple CarPlay, Apple Watch, Android Auto, Samsung Gear S2/S3, Amazon Fire TV, and Alexa-compatible devices. The New York Times honored NPR One as one of the top apps of 2016, highlighting its significant impact and user popularity.

Programs produced by NPR

As of October 2024, NPR continues to deliver essential news and public affairs shows that broadcast live on affiliated stations:

News and public affairs programs (broadcast)

  • Morning Edition, NPR’s flagship morning news magazine, is hosted by Leila Fadel, Steve Inskeep, Michel Martin, and A Martínez.
    • The weekend counterpart, Weekend Edition, is presented by Scott Simon on Saturdays and Ayesha Rascoe on Sundays.
  • All Things Considered, an evening news magazine, features hosts Ailsa Chang, Mary Louise Kelly, Ari Shapiro, and Juana Summers.
    • Its weekend edition, Weekend All Things Considered, is hosted by Scott Detrow.
  • Here and Now, a midday news magazine co-produced with WBUR, is hosted by Deepa Fernandes, Scott Tong, and Robin Young.
  • Additionally, NPR produces brief five-minute newscasts every hour around the clock, with extra broadcasts during weekday mornings and evenings.

These shows constitute the backbone of NPR’s news content, playing a pivotal role in maintaining its audience reach and market presence within public radio.

News and public affairs programs (podcasts)

  • Up First, a morning news podcast featuring hosts from Morning Edition and Weekend Edition.
  • Consider This, an afternoon news podcast led by hosts from All Things Considered and Weekend All Things Considered.
  • NPR News Now, which provides the podcast version of hourly newscasts.
  • NPR Politics Podcast, hosted by Tamara Keith and Asma Khalid.
  • State of the World (previously titled State of Ukraine), presenting international reporting from NPR correspondents in the field.

Storytelling and cultural programming

Music offerings

News and public affairs

Storytelling and cultural content

Music-related programs

Prominent public radio programs outside NPR affiliation

Numerous public radio shows in the United States are distributed through alternative organizations, necessitating stations to align accordingly.

Major competitors to NPR in production and distribution include American Public Media (APM) and Public Radio Exchange (PRX; which merged with Public Radio International in 2018). Both operate with distinct governance structures, missions, and station relationships.

Most public radio stations maintain NPR membership while frequently also affiliating with APM and PRX simultaneously.

American Public Media

Public Radio Exchange

This section includes programs previously distributed by Public Radio International (PRI) before its merger with PRX.

WNYC Studios

  • On the Media, a program focusing on journalism, technology, and First Amendment topics (previously affiliated with NPR)
  • Science Friday, a science call-in show hosted by Ira Flatow, independently produced (formerly part of NPR)

Independent

Claims of political or ideological partiality

NPR has repeatedly encountered accusations regarding political partiality. In 2011, WNYC's On the Media investigated allegations of liberal bias, referencing studies with opposing findings: one indicated that NPR’s Morning Edition leaned somewhat liberal, while another suggested a Republican bias. Former NPR host Lisa Simeone criticized the network’s Pentagon coverage for relying excessively on official government statements. NPR’s reporting on the Israel-Palestinian conflict has drawn criticism from both sides for perceived partiality. Robert Jensen, a professor at the University of Texas, accused NPR of adopting a pro-war position during protests against the Iraq War. During the 2020 presidential election, NPR opted not to report on the Hunter Biden laptop story, categorizing it as a distraction.

In 2024, seasoned journalist Uri Berliner accused NPR of exhibiting left-leaning bias following the 2016 election, pointing to its coverage of Hunter Biden, the Mueller investigation, COVID-19 origins, and the Gaza conflict. Berliner argued that NPR’s leadership emphasized race and identity politics at the cost of diverse perspectives. NPR editor-in-chief Edith Chapin defended the organization’s editorial standards. After Berliner publicly voiced his criticisms, NPR suspended him without pay for collaborating with another media outlet without authorization; he subsequently resigned, alleging disparagement by CEO Katherine Maher and criticizing her management approach.

Use of euphemisms instead of "torture"

In 2009, NPR sparked controversy by prohibiting the use of the word "torture" when describing the George W. Bush administration’s employment of "enhanced interrogation techniques". NPR Ombudswoman Alicia Shepard justified this guideline by stating that labeling practices such as waterboarding as torture was "tantamount to taking sides." Linguist Geoffrey Nunberg from UC Berkeley observed that nearly all international media outlets referred to these methods as torture, contrasting with what he termed the "spineless U.S. media." Independent journalist Glenn Greenwald condemned U.S. media for sanitizing torture terminology, calling it a "corruption of American journalism" that concealed a systematic torture program and allowed its continuation. He emphasized major media organizations’ refusal to classify these acts as "torture," despite official acknowledgments and parallels drawn with similar practices abroad, highlighting serious deficiencies in contemporary journalistic ethics.

Commentaries by Mumia Abu-Jamal

In 1994, NPR broadcast a series of brief, three-minute commentaries by Mumia Abu-Jamal, a journalist convicted for the killing of Philadelphia Police officer Daniel Faulkner, as part of All Things Considered. These segments were discontinued following protests from the Fraternal Order of Police and certain members of Congress.

Remarks by Juan Williams

On October 20, 2010, NPR ended Senior News Analyst Juan Williams’ independent contract after he made controversial comments on Fox News regarding Muslim head coverings. His dismissal occurred abruptly without an in-person discussion, which subsequently led to NPR’s top news executive Ellen Weiss receiving an ultimatum to resign or face termination; Weiss stepped down on January 6, 2011.

Statements by Ronald Schiller

In March 2011, conservative activist James O'Keefe covertly recorded outgoing NPR senior vice president for fundraising Ronald Schiller making critical remarks about the Republican Party and the Tea Party movement. NPR publicly disavowed Schiller’s statements. Following this incident and the earlier Juan Williams controversy, CEO Vivian Schiller resigned amid the resulting backlash.

Annual July 4 Declaration of Independence Reading

Between 1988 and 2021, NPR traditionally aired a reading of the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence every July 4. In 2017, NPR extended this practice to Twitter, posting more than 100 tweets covering the document. This digital presentation sparked debate when some supporters of Donald Trump misread references to George III of the United Kingdom as criticisms directed at the president, labeling the posts as "propaganda" and accusing NPR of endorsing violence and revolution. The July 4, 2022 tradition was replaced with a discussion led by Steve Inskeep focusing on "what equality means," reflecting on recent court rulings and contrasting Thomas Jefferson’s phrase "All men are created equal" with his history as a slave owner.

Sexual Harassment Allegations

In October 2017, accusations of sexual harassment surfaced against Michael Oreskes, who had served as senior vice president of news and editorial director since 2015. The allegations dated back to his time as Washington bureau chief for The New York Times in the 1990s and included misconduct at NPR, where eight women filed formal complaints. After a report by The Washington Post, NPR placed Oreskes on administrative leave before requesting his resignation. Employees expressed dissatisfaction with how NPR managed the situation, calling for an independent investigation and citing a toxic workplace environment created by Oreskes’ abuse of power to pursue younger female staff. At CEO Jarl Mohn’s behest, Oreskes resigned without receiving severance or separation benefits and reimbursed NPR $1,800 related to expenses incurred during these proceedings.

Elon Musk and Twitter Labeling Controversy

On April 5, 2023, following Elon Musk’s takeover of Twitter, NPR’s primary Twitter account was designated as "US state-affiliated media," a label typically reserved for foreign outlets linked to their governments such as Russia’s RT or China’s Xinhua. This classification sparked controversy because NPR is an independent news entity that receives under 1% of its approximately $300 million annual budget from government sources. Previously, Twitter had exempted NPR and the UK’s BBC from such labels due to their editorial independence. In response to this designation, NPR suspended activity on its main Twitter account.

By April 8, Twitter altered NPR’s label from "state-affiliated" to "government-funded." After consulting with Musk, NPR discovered that he based these classifications on a Wikipedia category listing publicly funded broadcasters. On April 12, NPR announced it would cease activity on Twitter entirely, citing that the platform’s "inaccurate and misleading" label damaged its reputation. Its final tweet provided links to alternative newsletters, websites, and social media channels.

NPR CEO John Lansing allowed employees to individually decide whether to continue engaging with Twitter but emphasized that sharing content on a platform that associates public media with compromised editorial standards would undermine their mission.

Following NPR’s withdrawal from posting, Musk threatened to reassign the @NPR handle to another user if they did not resume activity. This episode underscored ongoing challenges in content labeling and platform governance under Musk’s leadership at Twitter.

Publications

Source:[1]

  • The NPR Guide to Building a Classical CD Collection authored by Ted Libbey (1994)
  • The NPR Classical Music Companion: An Essential Guide for Enlightened Listening by Miles Hoffman (1997)
  • The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z by Miles Hoffman (1997)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Classical Music written by Tim Smith (2002)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Jazz by Loren Schoenberg (2002)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Opera authored by William Berger (2002)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Popular Standards by Max Morath (2002)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide To American Folk Music penned by Kip Lornell (2004)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to World Music by Chris Nickson (2004)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide To Blues authored by David Evans (2005)
  • The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Celtic Music by Fiona Ritchie (2005)
  • The NPR Listener's Encyclopedia of Classical Music written by Ted Libbey (2006)

See also

Works cited

Further reading

  • James T. Bennett (2021). The History and Politics of Public Radio; A Comprehensive Analysis of Taxpayer-Financed US Broadcasting. Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-80019-2.
  • George H. Gibson (1977). Public Broadcasting: The Role of the Federal Government, 1919–1976. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 9780030228315.
  • Sara Magee (2013). "All Things Considered: A Content Analysis of National Public Radio's Flagship News Magazine from 1999–2009". Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 20(2), 236–250.
  • Michael P. McCauley (2005). NPR: The Trials and Triumphs of National Public Radio. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231121606.

External links

  1. ↑ FolkLib Index - Music Reference Books by National Public Radio (NPR), www.folklib.net, accessed May 11, 2017, archived December 2, 2022
Retrieved from "https://www.alfawiki.org/index.php?title=NPR&oldid=9340"