PSA XUD engine
| Company type | Diesel engine series |
|---|---|
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founder | PSA Peugeot Citroën |
| Products | Diesel engines (XUD7, XUD9, XUD11) |
| Parent | PSA Peugeot Citroën |
The PSA XUD represents a diesel powerplant engineered by PSA Peugeot Citroën for deployment in passenger vehicles and light commercial transport. It employs an Indirect injection mechanism incorporating the Ricardo Comet V prechamber concept and was manufactured in three displacement sizes: , , and 2.1 liters. The largest variant featured a 12-valve setup. Available in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged forms, the XUD series served as a predecessor to the more sophisticated PSA HDi engine lineup, which initially originated from PSA's design efforts before later joint development with Ford.
Design
The XUD engine utilized either SOHC 8-valve or 12-valve cylinder heads and was mainly mounted transversely in front-wheel-drive configurations, angled at 30°. Certain non-PSA applications employed a longitudinal layout for rear-wheel-drive vehicles. Production occurred at Citroën’s facility in Trémery, near Metz.
Engine displacements spanned from to cc, sharing a uniform stroke length of or mm, consistent with other PSA engines such as the XU9. Bore diameters ranged between and mm.
Upon introduction, the XUD gained recognition for delivering superior power and smoothness relative to its contemporaries, distinguishing itself from standard diesel engines of that period. Its lightweight construction—for instance, the XUD9 weighed just kg—resulted in approximately a 15% reduction in mass compared to earlier diesel models, thereby improving vehicle dynamics and fuel efficiency.
Vegetable oil fuel
Thanks to its indirect injection system, which features slower combustion than direct injection, the engine can operate on SVO (pure vegetable oil). The Ricardo Comet prechamber design enhances compatibility with fuels possessing low Cetane ratings like SVO. Nevertheless, the elevated cold viscosity of vegetable oil presents challenges for rotary injection pumps, particularly the less robust Lucas CAV pumps. In contrast, the Bosch VE pump demonstrates greater reliability under these conditions. Among these, the Lucas EPIC pump fitted to the 2.1 L 12-valve turbo-diesel model after 1995 is considered the least tolerant.
XUD7
The XUD7 features a displacement of , with bore and stroke measuring . Its output ranges from (naturally aspirated) up to (turbocharged), with a subsequent intercooled turbo variant delivering . All versions operate on diesel fuel.
| Model | Output | Notes | Vehicle model |
|---|---|---|---|
| XUD7 T/K | 78 PS (57 kW; 77 hp) | Turbocharged | Peugeot 205 Dturbo, Peugeot 309 XRDT/GRDT/SRDTurbo/GRX DT |
| XUD7 TE | 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) | Turbo with intercooler | Citroën BX TRD/TZD Turbo, Peugeot 405 Turbo, Honda Concerto TD, Rover 200 MK2 TD |
| XUD7/K | 60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp) | Citroën C15D, Citroën BX RD, Peugeot 205, Citroën Xsara, Citroën Visa | |
| XUD7/Z | catalyst |
XUD9
The XUD9 has a displacement of , with bore and stroke dimensions of . It is available in both turbocharged and naturally aspirated variants. Most turbocharged versions include an intercooler; however, some Citroën Xantia models do not feature this component. The engines are equipped with either Bosch or Lucas mechanical fuel pumps; those fitted with Bosch pumps have been successfully operated on vegetable oil. The initial XUD9 model utilized square exhaust ports, while later XUD9A variants adopted oval ports to enhance performance.
PSA granted a license for a modified naturally aspirated XUD9/Z equipped with a catalytic converter to Hyundai. This version delivered 50 kW and was installed in the European-market Hyundai Lantra between 1996 and 1999.
| Model | Output | Notes | Vehicle model |
|---|---|---|---|
| XUD9 | 65 PS (48 kW; 64 hp) | Diesel | Citroën BX, Peugeot 205 (export), Peugeot 305, Peugeot 309, Talbot Horizon, Talbot 1510 (Finland) |
| XUD9 A | 71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp) | Diesel | Rover 200, Citroën Berlingo, FSO Polonez, Citroën BX, Lada Niva, LDV Pilot |
| XUD9 TE/L | 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp) | Diesel turbo with intercooler | Citroën ZX, Citroën Xsara, Citroën Jumpy, Peugeot 306, Peugeot 405, Peugeot Expert |
| XUD9 SD | 63–75 PS (46–55 kW) | Diesel turbo catalyst | Suzuki Samurai (facelift), Citroën Xantia, Suzuki Baleno, Lada Niva |
| XUD9 TE/Y | 90 PS (66 kW) | Diesel turbo with intercooler catalyst | Peugeot 406, Citroën Xantia, Citroën ZX |
| XUD9/Z | 68 PS (50 kW) | Diesel catalyst | Hyundai Lantra |
XUD11
The XUD11 engine was available in two different displacements:
- — the naturally aspirated XUD11 A
- — the turbocharged XUD11 ATE/BTE
Both variants were 12-valve SOHC configurations featuring a stroke. The naturally aspirated XUD11 A had a bore of , delivering , whereas the turbocharged ATE/BTE models utilized a smaller bore of , producing . The BTE variant was equipped with a Lucas EPIC fuel pump controlled electronically, while the ATE version used a Bosch pump operated via a throttle cable.
| Model | Output | Details | Associated Vehicles |
|---|---|---|---|
| XUD11 A | 83 PS (61 kW; 82 hp) | 12-valve SOHC diesel, naturally aspirated | Citroën XM, Peugeot 605 |
| XUD11 ATE | 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) | Turbocharged 12-valve SOHC diesel | Citroën XM |
| XUD11 BTE | Turbocharged 12-valve SOHC diesel with catalyst | Peugeot 406, Peugeot 605, Citroën Xantia |
Vehicles
The XUD engine was implemented in a wide range of models produced by PSA and its partners, including:
- Auverland A3
- Citroën models such as BX, Visa, C15, ZX, Xsara, Berlingo, Xantia, and XM
- Eurovans (collaboration between PSA and Fiat): Citroën Evasion/Synergie/C8, Jumpy (known as Dispatch in the UK), Fiat Ulysse/Scudo, Peugeot 806/807, Expert, and Lancia Zeta/Phedra
- Sevel Sud commercial vehicles: Citroën C25, Jumper (Relay in the UK), Peugeot J5 (Talbot Express in the UK), and Boxer
- FSO Polonez/Caro
- Honda Concerto (marketed as a Rover 200 diesel in Europe)
- Hyundai Lantra
- Lada Niva
- LDV 200/Pilot
- Peugeot models including 205, 305, 306, 309, 405, 406, 605, and Partner
- Suzuki vehicles such as Baleno (Cultus Crescent), Samurai (Santana), and Vitara (Santana)
- Talbot Horizon
- Tata Telcoline/Telcosport
- Rover 200 and 400 series
- Toyota Corolla E110 for Europe, Middle East, and Oceania markets
- UMM Alter 2000