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Saab 29 Tunnan

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Saab AB
IndustryAerospace and defense
FoundedJune 2, 1937; 89 years ago (1937-06-02) in Sweden
Headquarters
Sweden
ProductsAircraft, including Saab 29 Tunnan fighter jet
Websitewww.saab.com

Saab 29 Tunnan Overview

The Saab 29 Tunnan—known in Swedish as Flygande Tunnan, which translates to The Flying Barrel in English—is an early generation jet-powered fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by the Swedish aerospace company Saab. It represents Sweden's second turbojet combat aircraft following the Saab 21R, and holds the distinction of being the first Western European fighter with a swept-wing design produced after World War II. In Western Europe overall, only the wartime Messerschmitt Me 262 preceded it in this category.

Development of the aircraft began in late 1945 under the internal designation R 1001. Its fuselage earned a distinctive barrel-like shape due to integration of the then-new de Havilland Ghost turbojet engine, which inspired its nickname. The design incorporated relatively thin swept wings, influenced by German aerodynamic studies conducted during the war that demonstrated superior high-speed performance. The Swedish Air Force placed an initial contract for three prototypes, designated J 29, in the autumn of 1946. The first prototype successfully completed its maiden flight on 1 September 1948, exceeding many predicted performance metrics during subsequent test flights.

By May 1951, the first production units were delivered to Bråvalla Wing (F 13). The Saab 29 family included five main variants: beginning with the initial J 29A fighter, followed by improved versions J 29B and J 29E, culminating with the afterburner-equipped J 29F. Additionally, a specialized reconnaissance variant named S 29C was developed. Throughout the 1960s, several J 29B fighters participated in combat operations while deployed with Swedish forces during the United Nations peacekeeping mission (ONUC) in the Republic of Congo. The aircraft was also operated by the Austrian Air Force. Known for its speed and maneuverability, the Saab 29 served effectively in both fighter and fighter-bomber roles within the Swedish Air Force until its retirement in the 1970s.

Development

Sweden lagged behind the swift advancements in technology occurring internationally, prompting Saab to enhance its capabilities in aerodynamics and jet propulsion.[1] Consequently, the "JxR" project was launched toward the end of 1945, with specifications established by October of that year.[2] Under the leadership of Lars Brising, Saab's design team proposed two concepts. The initial design, known as R 101 and nicknamed cigarren ("the cigar") due to its form, closely resembled the American Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star. The alternative, which was ultimately selected, was the barrel-shaped R 1001 concept, offering superior speed and maneuverability.[3] This design quickly earned the nickname "the barrel," and at one point was also called tusen och en natt ("One Thousand and One Nights") in reference to its project number 1001.[4]

Initially, the R 1001 featured straight wings; however, after acquiring German research on swept wings, the design incorporated a 25-degree wing sweep. This data arrived via Switzerland and included blueprints for several Messerschmitt projects such as the Messerschmitt P.1101, P.1110, P.1111, and P.1112. In 1945, Saab’s project leader Frid Wänström gathered these documents from Messerschmitt engineers who fled to Switzerland at the war’s conclusion. Among them was engineer and aerodynamicist Hermann Behrbohm, who later joined Saab’s J 29 development team. These materials clearly demonstrated that delta and swept-wing configurations significantly reduce drag as aircraft approach transonic speeds.[5]

To achieve an ultra-thin wing profile, the undercarriage was designed to retract into the fuselage instead of the wings.[6][7] Aerodynamic refinement benefited from wind tunnel experiments conducted at the Swedish Royal University of Technology and by the National Aeronautical Research Institute.[8] These analyses defined the fuselage shape necessary to reach the targeted critical Mach number and supported a straight-through airflow configuration to optimize engine thrust.[9] For enhanced lateral stability during takeoff and landing phases, automatically locking leading edge slots were integrated and linked with the flap system. To further validate the swept-wing concept, a modified Saab Safir equipped with a full-scale swept wing was developed as the Saab 201.[5][8] The comprehensive design incorporating these innovations was finalized in January 1946.[10]

File:SAAB J29 Tunnan.jpg
Saab S 29C Tunnan exhibited at Swedish Air Force Museum, Linköping
File:J 29F cockpit.jpg
Cockpit view of a J 29F, photographed in 2013

Initially intended to be powered by the de Havilland Goblin turbojet, Saab switched to the more potent de Havilland Ghost engine when it became available in December 1945. The Ghost suited this application perfectly due to its circular air intake design and diameter compatibility with the planned fuselage dimensions.[2] After negotiations between de Havilland and Saab, the Ghost engine was officially selected for propulsion.[7]

Although there were initial concerns about producing an aluminium alloy comparable to the American 75S grade, Svenska Metallverken successfully manufactured it; however, they opted for considerably larger sections than those typically employed in aircraft construction.[11] The airframe structure utilized robust frames combined with stressed skin construction to satisfy conflicting demands for spaciousness, strength, rigidity, and maintainability.[6]

In February 1946, the Swedish Air Force requested performance validation alongside a production plan for this project.[12] By autumn of that year, a formal order for three prototypes was placed under the designation J 29.[12] During static testing of a full-scale mock-up, issues emerged related to pressure cabin leaks and problematic aileron responses. To address control concerns, a hydraulic system was implemented.[6][12] These adjustments postponed the maiden flight beyond its initially planned date of August 1, 1948.[12]

The first flight of a Saab 29 prototype occurred on September 1, 1948, piloted by Squadron Leader 'Bob' Moore,[6] who later became Saab GB's inaugural managing director.[3] A landing gear malfunction limited the aircraft's anticipated top speed during this flight.[13] Moore described the aircraft as appearing like "an ugly duckling on the ground – but swift once airborne." Due to its distinctive fuselage shape, the Saab J 29 quickly earned the nickname Flygande Tunnan ("The Flying Barrel"), often shortened simply to Tunnan ("The Barrel"). Although initially resisted by Saab management, this informal moniker was eventually adopted officially.[14]

A total of four prototypes were constructed for testing purposes. The first two were unarmed and carried heavy instrumentation instead; armament consisting of four 20 mm (0.79 in) cannons was installed on the third prototype.[15] Various configurations of air brakes located on both fuselage and wings behind the rear spar were trialed alongside both conventional and combined aileron/flap systems.[6] Flight testing demonstrated that prototypes could surpass their designed maximum Mach number with performance figures generally exceeding expectations.[15]

Mass production began in late 1948; by May of 1951, Bråvalla Wing (F 13) received its first production model.[16]

The Tunnan series comprised five primary variants.

The J 29A fighter marked initial operational deployment followed by subsequent J 29B and J 29E fighters; ultimately culminating with the afterburner-equipped J 29F fighter variant as the final model produced. Additionally, a reconnaissance-specific version designated S 29C was developed.[16][17] Between years spanning from1950 through1956,a total of661 Tunnans were manufactured,making it Saab’s most extensively produced aircraft type.[3]

Design

File:SAABJ29atSoderhamnmuseum.jpg
J 29F Tunnan 29666/T displayed at Soderhamn /F 15 Aviation Museum, Söderhamn Airport

The Saab 29 Tunnan holds the distinction of being the first aircraft from Sweden purpose-built for jet propulsion. While Sweden's inaugural jet fighter, the Saab 21R, was a jet-powered adaptation of the piston-engine Saab 21, the Tunnan was an original design.[9] Characterized by its compact, rounded shape, the aircraft features a single circular air intake positioned at the nose. The pilot sits beneath a bubble canopy located just above the air intake duct on the upper front section of the fuselage. Its wing is a slender, mid-mounted structure with moderate sweepback and consists of two spars forming a single unit fastened to the fuselage via four bolts.[6] The undercarriage is hydraulically actuated and engineered to operate effectively from uneven airstrips.[6] To enhance pilot safety, the Tunnan incorporated an ejection seat designed by Saab in 1943, featuring an explosive canopy jettison mechanism.[6]

Propulsion comes from a solitary 22.4 kN (5,000 lbf) de Havilland Ghost turbojet engine,[6] enabling maximum speeds exceeding 1,050 km/h (650 mph), surpassing the performance of Sweden's earlier de Havilland Vampire jets. The engine was mounted to the fuselage at three attachment points and could be removed for servicing using a specialized trolley.[6] Later variants introduced an afterburner, marking the first successful application of such technology on a British-designed jet engine.[18]

Wing enhancements included the addition of a dog-tooth leading edge, which increased the critical Mach number. Starting in 1963, all frontline J 29F models were outfitted with AIM-9 Sidewinder infrared-guided air-to-air missiles.[19]

Sweden

File:Tunnan at Malmen 2010-06-13 3.jpg
Tunnan showcased at the Swedish Armed Forces' Airshow

Renowned for its speed and maneuverability, the J 29 established a world speed record over a 500 km (310 mi) closed circuit in 1954,[20] reaching 977 km/h (607.05 mph). Additionally, two S 29C reconnaissance variants set an international closed-circuit speed record of 900.6 km/h (559.4 mph) over a 1,000 km (620 mi) course in 1955.[21][20]

Early operational history was marred by a high accident rate, primarily caused by unfamiliarity with swept-wing flight characteristics and the absence of a dedicated two-seat, dual control trainer version of the Tunnan. Consequently, Swedish fighter pilots trained on twin-seat variants of the straight-winged de Havilland Vampire before transitioning solo to the Tunnan. This training limitation contributed to the loss of 99 pilots during military exercises within Sweden.[3]

The combat role of the Tunnan fighters concluded in May 1967; nevertheless, several airframes were retained and adapted for use as electronic countermeasure trainers and target tugs into the following decade.[16] The final official military sortie occurred in August 1976 during the Swedish Air Force’s golden jubilee airshow.[16]

Austria

On 27 January 1961, the Swedish Government granted the Air Board permission to sell 15 J 29F Tunnans to Saab for refurbishment and subsequent sale to the Austrian Air Force. Similar to the Swedish nickname, the Saab 29 earned the informal titles “flying barrel” (Fliegende Tonne) or simply “barrel” (Tonne) within Austria.[22][23][24][25]

A year later, in 1962, authorization was given for an additional 15 J 29F aircraft to be sold to Austria.[26] This second group of aircraft was adapted to accommodate a camera pod on the left side of the nose, necessitating the removal of two cannons. The camera pod was designed for quick interchangeability, taking approximately 30 minutes to swap, and pilots could control the camera's direction remotely from the cockpit during flight.[27] In line with restrictions imposed by the 1955 Austrian State Treaty, these planes were never equipped with air-to-air missiles.[28] The Tunnan remained operational with the Austrian Air Force until its retirement in 1972.[3]

On 20 October 1964 at 9:48 a.m., two J 29Fs from Austria’s second fighter bomber wing (2. Staffel/JaBo-Geschwader) departed from Linz airbase. The first aircraft, Bu. No. 29559 "E", was flown by Sergeant Johan Kemetinger, while Staff Sergeant Alfred Erdler piloted the second, Bu. No. 29627 "L". Due to poor weather conditions and confusion with radio navigation beacons, both pilots inadvertently entered Czechoslovakian airspace. The adverse weather prevented interception by emergency fighters, which remained grounded at their base. Deep inside foreign territory and with fuel sufficient for only about two more minutes of flight, the pilots decided to land in a field near the village of Ořech in Prague-West district, believing it was firm enough to support their aircraft. This location was just a few kilometers away from Prague-Ruzyně civilian airport.[29] Upon landing, one aircraft lost its landing gear while the other flipped into a ditch; its pilot became trapped and required assistance from local field workers. Both aviators were repatriated after two days, with their planes transported back later by rail.

UN missions in the Congo

File:J-29 jets in the Congo.jpg
UN J 29 fighters deployed in the Congo

The Tunnan holds the distinction of being the first Swedish jet to engage in combat. Following a United Nations (UN) call for military assistance in September 1961, Sweden dispatched an initial contingent of five J 29B aircraft, organized under the F 22 Wing of the Swedish Air Force, to the Republic of Congo as part of the UN peacekeeping operation (ONUC).[30] This force was later bolstered in 1962 by an additional four J 29Bs and two S 29C photo reconnaissance Tunnans.[26] The aircraft bore UN insignia prominently on their fuselages.[30]

The majority of sorties involved strafing ground targets using cannons and unguided rockets. Despite intense ground fire, no losses occurred during combat missions. Both Swedish aircrews and international observers agreed that the Tunnan demonstrated outstanding operational performance.[31][32] The opposing secessionist forces operated a limited number of Fouga Magisters and other aircraft lacking air-to-air combat capability.

Swedish pilots declined several requests for close air support, prioritizing the minimization of civilian casualties. Notably, in November 1962, the Swedish air commander disobeyed an order to target secessionist Fouga Magisters, reasoning that these aircraft were unarmed.[33]

The sole aircraft loss resulted from a crash involving a senior officer during an aborted test flight takeoff. Upon ONUC’s conclusion in 1964, several Swedish Tunnans were intentionally destroyed at their base facilities because they were obsolete compared to newer models and repatriation costs were deemed unjustifiable.[26]

Variants

  • A – attack ("attack")
  • J – jakt ("pursuit")
  • S – spaning ("reconnaissance")
  • SK – skol ("trainer")

These prefixes denote the assigned operational role rather than a fixed design configuration: for example, a Saab 29B outfitted with attack rockets retains the fighter prefix "J" if deployed within a fighter wing focused on air combat; conversely, if assigned to an attack wing prioritizing strike missions, it carries the "A" prefix.

Template:Tree list Template:Big

Template:Big

File:J 29A1.png
Initial production variant (J 29 A:1) featuring wing-mounted dive brakes.
File:J 29A2.jpg
Principal production model (J 29 A:2) equipped with fuselage-mounted dive brakes.
    • J 29A1 (J 29 A:1)[34] – fighter variant; thirty-two units manufactured from 1950 to 1951; early batch with dive brakes installed on wings.[35][36]
    • Template:Tree list/final branch J 29A2 (J 29 A:2)[37] – fighter; one hundred ninety-two built between 1951 and 1954; later production featuring dive brakes mounted on fuselage ahead of main landing gear doors.[38][35][36]

Template:Big

    • J 29B – fighter model produced from 1953 to 1955 with three hundred thirty-two units; incorporated a fuel capacity increase of fifty percent and underwing hardpoints for bombs, rockets, and external fuel tanks.[39]
      • A 29B – attacker variant identical to J 29B but designated as such when assigned to attack squadrons;[39][40] distinguished by olive green paint on wingtips and tail fin from 1954 onwards.[41]
    • SK 29B – advanced trainer concept not built (offered in 1950); featured dual-seat cockpit; duplicated ejection seats, gunsights, and controls; lacked armament, armor, cabin lighting, and external lights; reduced fuel capacity in upper fuselage tank.[42]
      • SK 29B (side-by-side seating) – proposed version with side-by-side pilot arrangement.[42]
      • Template:Tree list/final branch SK 29B (tandem seating) – proposed version featuring tandem seating.

Template:Big

File:J-29 reconnaissance-variant at Kamina Air Base.jpg
Late-model S 29C with E-wing serving in the UN’s 22nd Fighter Squadron in Congo.
    • S 29C (early) – unarmed photo reconnaissance aircraft; seventy-six manufactured between 1954 and 1956; based on Saab 29B airframe with five cameras installed in a modified nose section; carried no weapons;[18] olive green wingtips and fin paint scheme adopted from mid-1950s.[41]
    • Template:Tree list/final branch S 29C (late) – S 29C updated with improved wing design introduced on Saab model E; sometimes informally referred to as S 29E.[18]

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File:J 29 HSS 825 attrapper 1.jpg
File:J 29 HSS 825 attrapper 2.jpg
J 29A (serial number 29137) fitted with mock-ups of the HSS 825 cannon, circa1952.
    • J 29D – experimental fighter variant featuring an afterburner; one prototype constructed to evaluate afterburning Ghost RM 2A turbojet engine delivering approximately27.5 kN (2,800 kgp/6,175 lbf) thrust with afterburner; prototype later converted into J 29F standard.[18]
      • J 29D (alternative configuration #1) – proposed version equipped with target acquisition radar housed within a nose radome either positioned above or integrated into the nose intake.[43]
      • Template:Tree list/final branch J 29D (alternative configuration #2) – proposed modification fitting four30 mm Hispano HSS825 cannons.[44] One J 29A (serial number29137) was trialed with mock-ups of these cannons in1952.[45] After tests on trestle mounts in1954 revealed safety issues with this weapon system, plans to arm the J 29D were abandoned.[46]

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    • J 29E – fighter variant produced in twenty-nine units during1955; introduced enhanced wing design incorporating leading-edge dogtooth extensions to improve critical Mach number performance.[47]
      • A 29E – attacker designation for identical aircraft serving within strike units;[48] featured olive green on wingtips and fin markings.[41]
    • Template:Tree list/final branch S 29E – unofficial term for late-model S 29C aircraft upgraded with E-wing enhancements.[47]

Template:Big

File:J-29 F „fliegende Tonne“ Aufklärungsversion.jpg
Austrian J-29F reconnaissance version with camera pack replacing two left-side guns, circa1979
    • J 29F – fighter conversion program involving three hundred eight airframes modified from B and E models between1954 and1956; incorporated afterburning Ghost engine and dogtooth wing design; all surviving units were upgraded by1963 to carry US-made AIM-9B Sidewinder heat-seeking missiles designated rb24 in Swedish service.[49]
      • A 29F – attacker classification for identical aircraft assigned to strike roles;[48] distinguished by olive green markings on wingtips and tail fin.[41]
    • J-29F „Tonne“ (Jagdversion, "fighter version") – twenty unmodified J 29Fs operated by Austrian Air Force.[22]
    • Template:Tree list/final branch J-29F „Tonne“ (Aufklärungsversion, "reconnaissance version") – ten Austrian Air Force reconnaissance-modified J 29Fs equipped by Swedish Malmö Flygindustri (MFI) with camera packs replacing two left-side cannons; packs contained three70 mm Vinten cameras housed in green casings; Austrian Air Force procured twelve packs total (installation reversible); exclusively operated by second fighter-bomber squadron (2. Staffel/JaBo-Geschwader).[50][22][51]

Template:Tree list/end

Operators

Template:AUT
File:HGM Saab 29 Tunnan.jpg
Austrian J 29F Tunnan from 1. Staffel/JaBo-Geschwader.
Template:SWE
File:Saab J29 Tunnan, Swedish Air Force. Waddington Airshow 2013.jpg
Saab J 29, Swedish Air Force Historic Flight, RAF Waddington Airshow 2013
Template:Country data United Nations ONUC
File:United Nations peacekeeping air forces in Congo - January 1963.jpg
ONUC deployment in Congo featuring Saab 29s alongside Iranian and Philippine F-86 Sabre aircraft.

Surviving aircraft

  • J 29F with serial number 29624 is exhibited at the Aeroseum, housed within a cavern near Gothenburg/Säve airport.[53]
  • The Midlands Air Museum in Coventry, UK, preserves J 29F number 29640.[54]
  • At the Musée de l'Air, situated at the former Paris–Le Bourget Airport in France, J 29F serial number 29665 is on display.[55]
  • The Museum of Military History in Vienna, Austria, showcases J 29F number 29566.Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name
  • S29C bearing the number 29902 is preserved at the F11 Museum located at Stockholm Skavsta Airport in Nyköping, Sweden.[56]
  • J 29B with serial number 29657 is stored outdoors at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona, USA.Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name
  • The aircraft J 29F number 29670 remains airworthy and actively flying within Sweden.
  • On exhibit at the Italian Air Force Museum in Vigna di Valle near Rome is J 29 serial number 29543.

Specifications (Saab J 29F Tunnan)

File:SAAB J 29 Tunnan - 3D drawing.svg
Three-view illustration of the Saab J 29 Tunnan

Template:Aircraft specs

See also

Template:Aircontent

Footnotes

Citations

  1. ↑ Widfeldt 1966, p. 3.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Flight 1950, p. 556.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Erichs et al. 1988, p. 37.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 Flight 1950, p. 558.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Widfeldt 1966, p. 4.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Flight 1950, p. 557.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Flight 1950, pp. 556–557.
  10. ↑ Widfeldt 1966, pp. 4–5.
  11. ↑ Flight 1950, pp. 557-558.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Widfeldt 1966, p. 5.
  13. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ↑ "History: Saab 29 Tunnan: JAS 29 in the Swedish Air Force." Saab. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Widfeldt 1966, p. 6.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named boyne 547
  17. ↑ Widfeldt 1966, pp. 6–12.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Widfeldt 1966, p.8.
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named widf 8-9
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FAI
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named saab 1940
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gotech
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named airpower „Tonne“
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ointres Österrike
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named F18 kamraten 58/18
  26. ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 26.13 26.14 26.15 26.16 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named widf 10
  27. ↑ Widfeldt 1966, pp. 10-11.
  28. ↑ Lombardi 2007, p. 165.
  29. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Widfeldt 1966, p. 9.
  31. ↑ "J 29 – SAAB 29 ”Flygande tunnan” (1951–1976)." Avrosys. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  32. ↑ "J 29 Tunnan." Everything2. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  33. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  34. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Berns 96
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SFI 29A/B
  37. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  38. ↑ Widfeldt 1966, pp. 6–7.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Widfeldt 1966, p. 7.
  40. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named beredskapsläget 57
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kronmärkt s50
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SK 29 sbs
  43. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Forslund2017
  44. ↑ Swedish archive document collection: FF materialavdelningen, serie E I, volym9
  45. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  46. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named widf8
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named beredskapsläget57
  49. ↑ Widfeldt1966, pp.8–9.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 80 år
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named airpower J-29F data
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tigerstaffel
  53. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  54. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  55. ↑ "Saab J 29F Tunnan." Musée de l'Air. Retrieved: 21 March 2015.
  56. ↑ "Spaningsflygplan, S 29C" "Digitalt Museum". Retrieved: 23 November 2023.

Bibliography

  • Berns, Lennart and Robin Lindholm. "Saab J 29 Tunnan". International Air Power Review, vol. 13/2004, pp. 152–173.
  • Boyne, Walter J. Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1-5760-7345-9.
  • Erichs, Rolph et al. The Saab-Scania Story. Stockholm: Streiffert & Co., 1988. ISBN 91-7886-014-8.
  • Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Great Book of Fighters. St. Paul, MN: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1194-3.
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lombardi, Fiona. Swiss Air Power: Origins and Prospects. vdf Hochschulverlag AG, 2007. ISBN 3-7281-3099-0.
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • "Saab-29: Sweden's new jet fighter." Flight International, 4 May 1950, pp. 556–558.
  • Taylor, John W.R. "Saab J 29." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
  • This Happens in the Swedish Air Force (brochure). Stockholm: Information Department of the Air Staff, Flygstabens informationsavdelning, Swedish Air Force, 1983.
  • Widfeldt, Bo. The Saab J 29. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966.
  • Wilson, Stewart. Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, AU: Aerospace Publications, 2000. ISBN 1-875671-50-1.
  • Winchester, Jim. "Saab J 29". Military Aircraft of the Cold War (The Aviation Factfile). Rochester, Kent, UK: The Grange, 2006. ISBN 1-84013-929-3.

External links

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