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Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store

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Saks Fifth Avenue Flagship Store
Company typeDepartment store
IndustryRetail
Founded1924; 102 years ago (1924)
Headquarters
New York City
,
United States
ProductsClothing, accessories, cosmetics, home goods
Websitewww.saksfifthavenue.com

Saks Fifth Avenue Flagship Store

The Saks Fifth Avenue flagship is a prominent department store situated on Fifth Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets in the Midtown Manhattan area of New York City. Since its completion in 1924, the original ten-story building at 611 Fifth Avenue has functioned as the main location for Saks Fifth Avenue. Additionally, the store extends into part of 623 Fifth Avenue, a 36-story tower finalized in 1990.

Originally crafted by Starrett & van Vleck, the Saks Fifth Avenue Building exhibits a classical architectural style. Its exterior features Indiana limestone, brick, and cast-stone materials, with chamfered corners facing Fifth Avenue at both 49th and 50th Streets. Notably, Saks Fifth Avenue was the pioneer department store on Fifth Avenue to adhere to the 1916 Zoning Resolution, incorporating upper-floor setbacks into its design. The adjacent tower at 623 Fifth Avenue was conceived by Lee Harris Pomeroy Associates alongside Abramovitz Kingsland Schiff, with architectural elements that echo the original building’s style.

The inception of the Saks Fifth Avenue Building dates back to the early 1900s under Horace Saks, leader of Saks & Company, which previously operated a flagship at Herald Square. Constructed between 1922 and 1924 as "Saks-Fifth Avenue," the project was a collaboration between Saks and his cousin Bernard Gimbel. Over time, Saks Fifth Avenue evolved into an independent department store chain, with the Fifth Avenue location becoming its flagship. The original structure received designation as a New York City designated landmark in 1984. Shortly thereafter, the tower extension at 623 Fifth Avenue was erected to expand the flagship's footprint. Throughout its history, the store has experienced multiple renovations and updates.

Architecture

File:Saks Fifth Avenue and 623 Fifth aerial-crop.jpg
Aerial perspective of 611 and 623 Fifth Avenue

Saks Fifth Avenue occupies two separate buildings: the original location at 611 Fifth Avenue, constructed in 1924, and an adjoining 36-story tower at 623 Fifth Avenue, completed in 1990. Saks jointly developed the tower and manages ten floors within it.[1] Adjacent to the east side of the building is 18 East 50th Street.[2] Positioned across 50th Street is St. Patrick's Cathedral, while directly opposite on Fifth Avenue lies the Rockefeller Center complex, both recognized as National Historic Landmarks.[1][2] Within the Rockefeller Center vicinity, the British Empire Building and La Maison Francaise are situated to the west, with the International Building located northwest; furthermore, 608 Fifth Avenue stands immediately southwest.[2] The structure contributes to Fifth Avenue's characteristic "streetwalls," which consist of rows of mid-rise buildings from the early to mid-20th century featuring limestone or beige brick facades. The original building has been designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission due to its role in preserving this architectural style along Fifth Avenue.[1]

The initial edifice was designed by Starrett & van Vleck and built by the Cauldwell-Wingate Company, alongside various engineers and contractors.[3]: 91–92  Starrett & van Vleck crafted a classical exterior that harmonized with Fifth Avenue’s aesthetic during that era, following guidance from the Fifth Avenue Association. This association honored the store with its 1924 gold medal for "best new building of the year".[4] The architects incorporated a contemporary interior for the department store and complied with the 1916 Zoning Resolution, which mandated setbacks on upper floors for Saks’ office spaces.[5]: 4 

The 36-story tower at 623 Fifth Avenue was designed through collaboration between Lee Harris Pomeroy Associates, commissioned by Swiss Bank Corporation (the original owners), and Abramovitz Kingsland Schiff, who served as Saks' staff architects.[1] The New York City Planning Commission stipulated that the building’s height should not significantly exceed that of the neighboring Newsweek Building, resulting in restrictions on floor count and ceiling heights capped at 8 feet, 8 inches.[6]: 559 [7] Although commonly referred to as having 36 stories, floors 37 and 38 are dedicated solely to mechanical equipment, as is floor 10.[1] Additionally, the tower includes a basement loading dock and a sub-basement level.[8]

Original structure

Constructed in 1924, the building rises ten stories and features three distinct facades facing 49th Street, Fifth Avenue, and 50th Street. The main frontage along Fifth Avenue is linked to the elevations on 49th and 50th Streets by chamfered corners, each presenting approximately 200 feet of street frontage. The exterior is composed of Indiana limestone, brick, and cast stone materials. Its architectural style reflects a restrained interpretation of the neoclassical trend prevalent in the 1920s, reportedly drawing inspiration from late English Renaissance architecture and lesser-known 18th-century London edifices. The three facades display near-identical designs, differing only in subtle details at the street level.

File:Saks Fifth Avenue windows.jpg
Display windows at 5th Avenue and 49th Street at night

At street level, the facade is clad with rusticated granite blocks and showcases tall display windows. This base level features a high ceiling, visually reading as one and a half stories tall. The large display windows consist of plate glass set within bronze frames, separated by narrow marble wall sections. Each year from October through December, these windows are adorned with holiday-themed decorations. Along Fifth Avenue, the display windows extend uninterrupted across the entire block except for two entrances. The presence of dual entrances—uncommon among department stores—underscores the building’s expansive size and full-block frontage on Fifth Avenue. These entryways are rectangular with carved spiral moldings and topped by simple cornices. The lower halves contain door sets, while the upper halves feature windows behind decorative metal grilles.

The entrances on 49th and 50th Streets are sheltered by original metal canopies suspended above the doors. These canopies bear the inscription "Saks & Company" framed by squares featuring quatrefoil motifs; their tops are embellished with a bronze frieze decorated with urns and floral patterns. At the eastern end of the 49th Street facade, there is a loading dock crowned with an ornamental bronze cornice. This loading bay was designated for merchandise receipt, while a corresponding loading area on 50th Street served for shipping purposes and included an adjacent employee entrance.

The most prominent architectural feature of the facade appears on the second and third floors—a fourteen-bay-wide sequence of fluted pilasters crafted from Indiana limestone supporting an architrave. The design maintains a flat and understated appearance overall; however, the capitals atop the pilasters and the frieze within the architrave display intricate and imaginative detailing. A second architrave separates the second and third floors and incorporates a decorative balustrade.

Stories four through six present a simpler aesthetic with brick cladding and rectangular window openings. Windows on the fourth floor are framed by ornamental cast stone surrounds topped with plain panels. Above this level runs a sill molding, followed by the seventh story which also features brick facing complemented by ornamental stone roundels positioned between each window. This story is finished with a cornice and balustrade above. Between Fifth Avenue and the side street facades, chamfered bays extend from the first through seventh floors.

The eighth through tenth stories progressively recede from the street lines. The eighth floor has minimal adornment, whereas the ninth floor includes narrow windows flanked alternately by slender colonnettes and rectangular cast stone panels. This level is capped with a substantial stone cornice and an unadorned brick parapet. The tenth floor contains simple window openings within a brick exterior, topped by a cornice and concluding stone balustrade.

623 Fifth Avenue

File:Saks and 623 Fifth 02.jpg
Detail of 623 Fifth's facade; its seven floors reflect the design of the original store

The high-rise next to the flagship Saks building was initially called the Swiss Bank Tower and also known as 10 East 50th Street. Since 2002, it has been referred to as 623 Fifth Avenue.[8] This addition rises 38 stories and is entirely clad in Indiana limestone.[1] Both the tower and the original Saks structure are prominently visible from across Fifth Avenue at 30 Rockefeller Plaza and its Top of the Rock observation deck. From this vantage point, 623 Fifth Avenue stands symmetrically above the Saks store, featuring a recessed central section that complements the protruding axis of 30 Rockefeller Plaza.[1] The tower's corners include chamfered edges that echo elements from the initial store's design.[6]: 559  This portion showcases continuous window ribbons separated only by slim limestone spandrels, whereas other parts of the building display isolated or punched window openings.[1]

File:Saks Fifth Avenue flagship Mar 2021 55.jpg
Details of the facades along 50th Street: 623 Fifth (left) and original store (right)

Constructed in 1990, the building’s first seven floors feature an exterior that closely replicates the 1924 Saks facade.[8] While the bank preferred a contemporary appearance, the Landmarks Preservation Commission insisted on extending the traditional 1924 design. Both Saks and office spaces have street frontage on 49th and 50th Streets. The facade along 50th Street is nearly an exact reproduction, with only minor variations in form and detailing, including hand-carved ornamentation. Saks added two new display windows and an entrance modeled after its original single entrance on 50th Street, while Swiss Bank Corporation introduced a grand entrance spanning two bays wide and three stories tall. At ground level on 49th Street, the facade adopts a more modern look but retains a Saks entrance and display windows inspired by original designs. This facade is set back from the street, creating a small paved forecourt. Flanking the new Saks entrance are its relocated loading dock and a secondary entry for office tenants.[1]

Interior

The initial building contained over 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of floor space,[9] whereas the tower adds approximately 370,000 sq ft (34,000 m2).[8] Saks operates floors one through nine in the tower, representing an expansion of about 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2).[1] Mechanical equipment occupies the tenth floor,[1] while floors eleven through thirty-six serve as office space managed independently.[8]

Department store

File:Saks and 623 Fifth 01.jpg
Layout of 623 Fifth Avenue adjacent to the original Saks location

At its initial opening, the department store allocated the first through seventh floors exclusively for retail purposes.[3]: 91 [10] Above these retail levels, four floors were designated for offices and storage.[10] The basement served as the shipping and receiving area, while the eighth floor housed additional offices. The ninth and tenth floors were reserved for stock storage and work areas.[3]: 91  Eventually, the upper stories were converted into retail space as well.[11]

By As of 2020, the store covers approximately 600,000 or 650,000 square feet (56,000 or 60,000 m2).[12][13] The primary sales floor occupies around 53,000 square feet (4,900 m2), featuring a handbag section and an escalator to the second level, which was designed by Rem Koolhaas.[14]

The ceiling height on the ground floor is about 18.75 feet (5.72 m), whereas the ceilings on other retail floors measure approximately 14 feet (4.3 m). The building’s structural framework consists of eight column bays. Twelve elevators are positioned at the rear eastern side of the building. Two enclosed staircases are located near the Fifth Avenue entrances, complemented by service stairs at each rear corner. The interior furnishings predominantly use hardwood materials, with walls and columns above finished in white surfaces. Ceilings are flat-paneled and equipped with suspended lighting fixtures alongside concealed sprinkler systems.[3]: 91 

Office space

The office floors feature ceiling heights of roughly 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m).[6]: 559 [7] Located on the 11th and 12th floors is a two-story sky lobby atop the Saks expansion, accessible via four shuttle elevators.[1] Originally, this lobby included a waterfall and an 18-ton curved oxidized iron sculpture titled Fin by Richard Serra, installed in 1989.[6]: 559 [8] Additionally, this level houses a conference center and a cafeteria.[8]

Up until 2002, the building contained a five-level corporate penthouse dedicated to executive offices, totaling about 65,000 square feet (6,000 m2). Spanning floors 32 through 36, these offices were adorned with Swiss pearwood paneling on the walls, while elevator lobbies and reception areas featured cut limestone finishes. The penthouse also included meeting rooms, a kitchen, and a dining area.[8]

Founding: A. Saks & Co.

File:Broadway and 33rd.jpg
The Saks & Co. store at Herald Square in 1903, located behind the 33rd Street station

Andrew Saks was born into a German Jewish family in Baltimore. Beginning his career as a peddler and newspaper delivery boy, he later relocated to Washington, D.C. At just 20 years old, amid the challenging economic conditions of 1867—only two years after the conclusion of the American Civil War—he and his brother Isadore launched a men's clothing shop.[15][16][17] Their business, A. Saks & Co., initially operated from a storefront within the Avenue House Hotel building at 517 (300–308) 7th Street, N.W., situated in what remains Washington’s central shopping district on F Street. Over time, Saks expanded by acquiring the adjacent store and, in 1887, commenced construction of a substantial new building on the former Avenue Hotel site at 7th and Market Space (now known as United States Navy Memorial Plaza).[18] By the 1880s, the company had extended its reach to Indianapolis and Richmond, Virginia.[5]: 1 

In 1902, Saks inaugurated a major department store in New York City’s Herald Square neighborhood at the intersection of 34th Street and Broadway (addressed 1293–1311 Broadway).[18][5]: 2  Andrew Saks managed this New York location alongside his brother Isadore and his sons Horace and William. Following Andrew's death in 1912, leadership transitioned to his son Horace Saks.[5]: 2  Horace aspired to relocate the store to the burgeoning Fifth Avenue retail district—which had begun developing after 1905 with landmarks such as the B. Altman and Company Building at 34th Street—but postponed these plans due to World War I.[5]: 2 

Store Relocation

Template:Multiple images

In April 1920, Saks & Company secured a lease for the Buckingham Hotel and Belgravia Apartments on Fifth Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets for $35 million.[19][20][21] The Real Estate Record at that time described this location as an emerging northern hub for major retail activity.[21] By June of 1921, architects Starrett & Van Vleck submitted plans for a nine-story structure on this Fifth Avenue property.[22] Demolition of the existing buildings commenced later that year.[23]

The urgency for relocation was further emphasized when the rent on the Herald Square premises was doubled in 1922.[5]: 2  The National Democratic Club occupied a portion of the proposed site at 617 Fifth Avenue but initially declined a $1 million purchase offer for their 100 by 42 feet (30 by 13 m) property. Consequently, Saks & Company initially planned to build a U-shaped structure surrounding the club's clubhouse.[24][25][26] In April of the following year, Saks merged with Gimbels, owned by Horace Saks' cousin Bernard Gimbel.[5]: 4–5 [27][28][29] Under this arrangement, Gimbel assumed control of the Herald Square leasehold, settled Saks’ outstanding debts, and acquired $8 million worth of company shares.[28][30] This partnership resulted in the establishment of the Saks Fifth Avenue store as a joint venture between Saks and Gimbel.[31][32] In May of that year, Saks & Company purchased the Democratic Club property.[33][34]

The grand opening of the Saks Fifth Avenue Building occurred on September15 ,1924 at611 Fifth Avenue. This full-block frontage is located just south of St. Patrick's Cathedral, facing what would later become Rockefeller Center.[5]Template:Rp 2[10] At that time,The Evening World clarified that Saks did not fit traditional department store criteria since it did not sell dry goods or furniture but specialized solely in apparel and accessories. The new location simply doubled existing retail space without adding new departments.[23] The Wall Street Journal anticipated that this establishment would eventually generate annual profits reaching $17 million.[35] The store became commonly known as "Saks-Fifth Avenue," with a hyphen,[5]Template:Rp 2[36][11] distinguishing it from its older counterpart referred to as "Saks Herald Square"[36] or "Saks34th Street".[11]

Mid-20th century

File:Saks Fifth Avenue entranceway.jpg
One of the store's entrances

In 1926, the Saks brothers decided to step back from managing Saks & Company, declaring that the Fifth Avenue location had been "successfully" established.[37] Over the following decades, multiple Saks Fifth Avenue branches were launched, with the Fifth Avenue store serving as the premier flagship.[38] From 1929 until 1969, Sophie Gimbel directed the store’s custom fashion department. As the spouse of the company president, she was responsible for designing refined apparel and was instrumental in introducing women's culottes to American consumers.[39]

Regarding property ownership beneath the flagship store, the Saks Realty Company originally held the former Democratic Club parcel of land, while the George Kemp Company owned the rest of the site. In 1935, the Kemp Company acquired the Democratic Club plot, thus gaining full ownership of the entire block.[40][41] That same year, Saks launched a ski department featuring a ski slope and lessons for enthusiasts.[42] By 1938, Fortune magazine described the Fifth Avenue location as a high-end establishment in contrast to "the anthill bargain basement tables on Herald Square," which eventually shuttered in the 1960s.[32] An imported goods gift shop with its own entrance on 50th Street was opened in 1950.[43] In 1952, ownership of the Fifth Avenue property transferred to William Zeckendorf,[44] who then sold it to the Rockefeller family a year later.[45]

Late 20th century

File:Saks Fifth Avenue flagship Mar 2021 60.jpg
Entrance to Saks at the base of 623 Fifth Avenue on 50th Street

In February 1979, Saks revealed plans for a comprehensive $200 million renovation of its flagship store, marking the first significant overhaul in the store's history. The initial proposal included constructing a nine-story addition behind the existing building, on the site of a former brownstone. This expansion was designed to house the flagship's inaugural escalators, allowing Saks to limit interruptions within the main retail space.[6]: 557 [46] However, some critics expressed concern that this enlargement might reduce the flagship’s prestige to a level comparable with Bloomingdale’s or Macy’s.[6]: 557–558  In July of that year, Saks submitted preliminary plans to the New York City Planning Commission (CPC) for a 50-story mixed-use tower featuring office and residential spaces located east of the flagship.[6]: 558 [47] Although development on this site had been proposed since the 1950s, it remained undeveloped due to Saks' real estate interests not participating.[48] Construction on the expansion advanced prior to tower approval, with new escalators opening at the rear of the flagship in November 1979.[6]: 558 [49] Architect Hambrecht Terrell then refurbished the second floor by introducing a brick-lined corridor featuring boutiques from prominent fashion designers.[6]: 558 [50] The third floor underwent redesign as well, featuring a corridor lined with women’s boutiques,[6]: 558–559 [51] while the sixth floor was revamped to offer affordable apparel tailored for working women.[6]: 559 

In 1981, Saks formed a joint venture with Rockefeller Center Properties aiming to develop a 690,000-square-foot (64,000 m2) tower. The plan allocated roughly one-quarter of this area for Saks retail use, with the remainder designated as office space.[52] Because Saks’ land parcel and an adjacent midblock lot were governed by distinct zoning districts with varying floor area ratios (FAR), transferring air rights between them was prohibited unless the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated the flagship as a landmark.[7][53] The CPC chairman's legal advisor noted that landmark status would permit construction of the tower because it would support preservation efforts.[53] Saks actively endorsed landmark designation for its building.[6]: 559  Consequently, on December 20, 1984, the LPC officially designated Saks Fifth Avenue as a landmark.[54][53] The LPC gave unanimous approval to the tower project in June of the following year.[55]

Following the collapse of its partnership with Rockefeller Center Properties, Galbreath-Ruffin joined as co-developer for the tower project; however, Swiss Bank Corporation later acquired Galbreath-Ruffin’s interest.[56] In 1986, a joint venture between Saks and Swiss Bank proposed a new plan for a thirty-six-story tower. This design envisioned Saks expanding its flagship into the tower’s lower levels while Swiss Bank would occupy upper floors as corporate headquarters.[57][58][59] These partners spent over a year negotiating details; their main disagreement concerned which party would control the tower’s frontage on 50th Street—Saks desired this space for display windows but it was ultimately assigned to Swiss Bank for its entrance.[48] Initially designed by Abramowitz Kingsland Schiff with horizontal brown and white banding on its facade, their concept faced criticism for being Brutalist and inconsistent with neighboring structures. Consequently, Pomeroy assumed lead architectural responsibilities and revised the design.[6]: 559 

Construction on this midblock project commenced in 1987,[48][60] culminating in completion by 1990.[1][61] Retail space expanded vertically through floors one to nine within this tower addition. Enhancements included Cafe SFA restaurant on level eight and a beauty salon and spa occupying level nine.[61] Because this skyscraper occupies the same land parcel as the original store and utilized its air rights during construction, it secured an esteemed Fifth Avenue address.[8] Architectural critic Paul Goldberger described the Swiss Bank Tower’s design as uninspired and overly cautious: "so successful at not offending that it ends up having nothing to say".[62] By 1992, occupancy of the tower was complete.[63] Ownership of both the original flagship and its adjoining tower has remained unified—initially under Swiss Bank Corporation which held a century-long lease from Saks on the ground parcel.[1] In December of 1997, Cohen Brothers Realty Corporation purchased the Swiss Bank Tower.[64] After Swiss Bank merged with UBS, their offices vacated this building.[8]

2000s and 2010s

File:Saks entrance, Christmas decor.jpg
Holiday decorations on display

Beginning in the late 1990s, Saks Fifth Avenue undertook a comprehensive renovation of its flagship location.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag [16] [17] [18] [5] [27] }}

External links

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Template:Midtown North, Manhattan Template:Fifth Avenue

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named LHP
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ZoLa
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AB1924
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nyht19241123
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NY2000
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named auto
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 {{Cite web url-access-limited url=https:/ /www.nytimes.com /2002 /06 /12 /business /commercial-real-estate-office-tower-moves-to-fifth -avenue-sort-of.html title=commercial real estate; office tower moves to fifth avenue (sort of) first=rachelle last-garbarine date=june 12 ,2002 work-the new york times access-date=february 19 , 2021 issn03624331 archive-date-may 27 ,2015 archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web /20150527205318/http:/ /www.nytimes.com /2002 /06 /12 /business /commercial-real-estate-office-tower-moves-to-fifth -avenue-sort-of.html url-status-live }}
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nyt19240907
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 {{cite news id=Template:ProQuest 1113137105 title=Saks & Company Open New Store To Public To-day work=New York Herald Tribune issn 1941-0646 date September15 ,1924 page16}}
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nyt20000719
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Moin 2020
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fortune 2019
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bhasin 2019
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gardner
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  35. ↑ {{cite news title='New Store Will Aid Gimbel Profit: Opening of Saks on Fifth Avenue Should Eventually Add $17,000,000 to Annual Volume' date='September13 ,1924' work='Wall Street Journal' page='1' issn='0099-9660' id=Template:ProQuest 130107915}
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  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  62. ↑ {{Cite news last-goldberger first-paul date-june 9 ,1991 title-architecture view; mute in manhattan: a politically correct building language-en-us work-the new york times url-access-limited url=https:/ /www.nytimes.com /1991 /06 /09 /arts /architecture-view-mute-in-manhattan-a-politically-correct-building.html access-date=june 14 ,2021 issn03624331 archive-date-june24 ,2021 archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web /20210624200909/http:/ /www.nytimes.com /1991 /06 /09 /arts /architecture-view-mute-in-manhattan-a-politically-correct-building.html url-status-live }}
  63. ↑ {{Cite news last-garbarine first-rachelle date-november4 ,1992 title-real estate; swiss bank fills tower in manhattan language-en-us work-the new york times url-access-limited url=https:/ /www.nytimes.com /1992 /11 /04/business real estate-swiss-bank-fills-tower-in-manhattan.html url-status-live access-date=february22 ,2021 issn03624331 archive-date-july23 ,2021 archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web /20210723141932/http:/ /www.nytimes.com /1992 /11 /04/business real estate-swiss-bank-fills-tower-in-manhattan.html }}
  64. ↑ {{Cite news last-foderaro first-lisa w date-december11 ,1997 title-metro business; tower above saks is sold language-en-us work-the new york times url-access-limited url=https:/ www.nytimes.com /1997 /12 _11 _nyregion _metro-business-tower-above-saks-is-sold.html url-status-live access-date=february22 ,2021 issn03624331 archive-date-december27 ,2017 archive-url=https:/ web.archive.org/web _20171227063411_http _// www.nytimes.com _1997 _12 _11 _nyregion _metro-business-tower-above-saks-is-sold.html }}
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