Jump to content

Samsung Wave M

From Alfawiki
Samsung Group
Company typeConglomerate
IndustryConglomerate (electronics, construction, shipbuilding, insurance, advertising, theme parks, and more)
Founded1938; 88 years ago (1938)
FounderLee Byung-chul
Headquarters
Seoul
,
South Korea
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Lee Kun-hee (former chairman)
ProductsElectronics, semiconductors, construction, shipbuilding, insurance, advertising, theme parks, telecommunications hardware
ParentNone
Websitewww.samsung.com

Samsung Group

Samsung Group (Template:Korean/auto; branded as SΛMSUNG) is a South Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered within the Samsung Town complex in Seoul. The conglomerate encompasses a wide range of affiliated enterprises,[1] most operating under the Samsung brand. It holds the distinction of being South Korea's largest chaebol. As of 2024, Samsung ranks as the fifth most valuable brand globally.[2]

Established in 1938 by Lee Byung-chul initially as a trading firm, Samsung expanded over the following thirty years into diverse industries such as food processing, textiles, insurance, securities, and retail. The late 1960s marked its entry into the electronics sector, followed by ventures into construction and shipbuilding during the mid-1970s—industries that significantly contributed to its subsequent expansion. Following Lee's passing in 1987, Samsung was segmented into five separate business groups: Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group, Hansol Group, and JoongAng Group.

Among its principal subsidiaries is Samsung Electronics, recognized as the world's largest information technology company and a leading manufacturer of consumer electronics and semiconductors by revenue as of 2017.[3] Samsung Heavy Industries ranks as the world's second-largest shipbuilder based on 2010 revenues,[4] while Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T Corporation are positioned 13th and 36th respectively among global construction firms.[5] Other notable affiliates include Samsung Life Insurance, which is the 14th-largest life insurance provider worldwide,[6] Samsung Everland, operator of South Korea's oldest theme park, Everland Resort,[7] and Cheil Worldwide, which stood as the world’s 15th-largest advertising agency by revenue in 2012.[8]

Etymology

Samsung's founder explained that the Korean hanja Samsung (三星) translates to "three stars." The number "three" symbolizes concepts such as greatness, abundance, and strength, while the "stars" represent notions of permanence and eternity.

1938–1970

File:삼성상회.jpg
Headquarters of Sanghoes in Daegu during the late 1930s

In 1938, amid the period of Japanese occupation, Lee Byung-chul (1910–1987), hailing from a prominent landowning family in Ginei, relocated to nearby Taikyu and established Mitsuboshi Trading Company (株式会社三星商会 (Kabushiki gaisha Mitsuboshi Shōkai)), commonly known as Samsung Sanghoe (Template:Korean). Initially, Samsung was a modest trading firm with a workforce of forty employees based in Su-dong (present-day Ingyo-dong). Its business involved trading dried fish, locally sourced groceries, and noodles. The company experienced growth, prompting Lee to transfer its headquarters to Seoul in 1947. However, the outbreak of the Korean War compelled him to evacuate Seoul. Subsequently, he founded a sugar refinery named Cheil Jedang in Pusan. In 1954, Lee launched Cheil Mojik, a textile enterprise, constructing the country's largest woolen mill at that time in Chimsan-dong, Taegu.

With ambitions to position Samsung as a dominant force across various sectors, Lee expanded the company's operations into insurance, securities, and retail industries.

In 1947, Cho Hong-jai, founder of the Hyosung group, partnered with Lee Byung-chul to invest in Samsung Mulsan Gongsa (Samsung Trading Corporation), which eventually evolved into today's Samsung C&T Corporation. Differences in management philosophies led to their separation after several years; Cho sought a 30% equity stake. This division gave rise to Samsung Group and Hyosung Group along with other entities such as Hankook Tire.

By the late 1960s, Samsung Group ventured into electronics by establishing multiple divisions including Samsung Electronics Devices, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Samsung Corning, and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications. They inaugurated a manufacturing plant in Suwon, producing their inaugural product—a black-and-white television set. Additionally, Lee Byung-chul owned the Tongyang Broadcasting Company, a private radio and television broadcaster operating from 1964 until its closure in 1980 following government restrictions on media outlets. The affiliation with Samsung contributed to early success for TBC by enhancing television sales.

1970–1990

File:SPC-1000.JPG
The SPC-1000, launched in 1982, marked Samsung's initial foray into personal computers (available exclusively in South Korea) and utilized an audio cassette tape for data loading and storage – with a floppy drive offered as an optional accessory.

In 1980, Samsung expanded into telecommunications hardware by acquiring Hanguk Jeonja Tongsin, based in Kumi. The company's initial products included switchboards, and this facility evolved to focus on manufacturing telephones and fax machines, eventually becoming the core of Samsung’s mobile phone production. To date, Samsung has manufactured more than 800 million mobile devices.[9] During the 1980s, these operations were consolidated under the Samsung Electronics division.

Following the death of founder Lee in 1987, the Samsung Group was divided into five separate entities – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group, Hansol Group, and the JoongAng Group.[10] Originally part of Samsung Group, Shinsegae (retail stores), CJ Group (food, chemicals, entertainment, logistics), Hansol Group (paper and telecommunications), and JoongAng Group (media) became independent during the 1990s. These groups now operate autonomously without any affiliation or corporate ties to Samsung Group.[11] A representative from Hansol Group stated that it is a misconception to believe otherwise, emphasizing that since their separation in 1991, all financial guarantees and shareholding relationships with Samsung affiliates were terminated. Similarly, sources from Hansol maintain that since their respective separations, Hansol, Shinsegae, and CJ have managed their businesses independently. An executive director at Shinsegae confirmed that there are no financial guarantees linking Shinsegae to Samsung Group.[11]

Throughout the 1980s, Samsung Electronics significantly increased its investment in research and development. These efforts were crucial in establishing the company as a leader within the global electronics market. The company inaugurated a television manufacturing plant in Portugal in 1982; followed by facilities in New York in 1984; Tokyo in 1985; England in 1987; and later expanded to Austin, Texas in 1996. As of 2012, Samsung has committed over US$13 billion toward its Austin site—Samsung Austin Semiconductor—making it Texas’s largest foreign investment and one of the most substantial single foreign direct investments in the United States.[12][13]

In 1987, the United States International Trade Commission determined that Samsung Group had unlawfully sold semiconductor chips within the U.S. market without obtaining licenses from the original inventor, Texas Instruments Inc..[14]

1990–2000

Throughout the 1990s, Samsung significantly expanded its international presence, with its mobile phone and semiconductor divisions emerging as key revenue drivers. During this decade, Samsung began to establish itself as a major global enterprise. The company's construction arm, Samsung C&T Corporation, secured contracts for iconic projects such as one of the two Petronas Towers in Malaysia, Taipei 101 in Taiwan, and the Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates. In 1993, Lee Kun-hee streamlined Samsung Group by divesting ten subsidiaries, reducing overall size, and consolidating operations to focus primarily on three sectors: electronics, engineering, and chemicals. By 1996, Samsung regained control of the Sungkyunkwan University foundation.

In 1992, Samsung became the leading global manufacturer of memory chips and holds the position of the world's second-largest semiconductor producer after Intel. The company introduced its first liquid-crystal display (LCD) panel in 1995 and eventually grew to dominate the global LCD panel market. A decade later, Sony—having refrained from investing in large-size TFT-LCD technology—partnered with Samsung to form a joint venture, S-LCD, in 2006. This collaboration aimed to ensure a consistent supply of LCD panels for both corporations. Ownership of S-LCD was divided with Samsung holding a slight majority (50% plus one share) and Sony holding the remainder (50% minus one share), with manufacturing operations based in Tanjung, South Korea. As of late 2011, Samsung acquired Sony’s entire stake in this partnership.

Unlike many other major South Korean firms, Samsung weathered the 1997 Asian financial crisis with relatively minor damage. Nevertheless, Samsung Motor was sold at a considerable loss to Renault. By 2010, Renault held an 80.1% ownership stake in Renault Samsung Motors, while Samsung retained 19.9%. Additionally, from the 1980s through the 1990s, Samsung produced various aircraft models. In 1999, Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) was formed through the merger of three significant domestic aerospace divisions: Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hyundai Space and Aircraft Company. Despite this consolidation, Samsung continues to manufacture aircraft engines and gas turbines.

2000–present

File:Signs, signs and more signs (2504183343).jpg
The distinctive Samsung billboard in Times Square, New York City

In the year 2000, Samsung R&D established a development center located in Warsaw, Poland. Initially, the center concentrated on set-top box technology before expanding its focus to digital televisions and smartphone devices. Collaborating with partners, the team created a smartphone platform that debuted with the original Samsung Solstice[15] series in 2008, which subsequently evolved into the Samsung Galaxy lineup featuring models such as Notes, Edge, and others.

File:Korea President Park Business Leaders 20130508 01.jpg
Samsung Group chairman, Lee Kun-hee (left), pictured with South Korean President Park Geun-hye, 2013

In 2007, Kim Yong Chul, a former chief legal officer at Samsung, alleged his involvement in bribery and evidence fabrication to protect the company's chairman, Lee Kun-hee. According to Kim, Samsung’s legal team coached executives to act as scapegoats within a "manufactured scenario," shielding Lee despite their lack of involvement. He also disclosed that after refusing to pay a $3.3 million bribe to a U.S. Federal District Court judge overseeing a case where two Samsung executives were convicted for price-fixing in memory chips, he was marginalized by the company. Furthermore, Kim revealed that Samsung amassed substantial secret funds through bank accounts illicitly opened under the names of nearly 1,000 executives – , including four accounts under his own name managing approximately 5 billion won.[16]

In 2010, Samsung unveiled a decade-long growth plan focusing on five key sectors.[17] One of these sectors was biopharmaceuticals, with an allocated investment of ₩2.1 trillion.[18] By the first quarter of 2012, Samsung Electronics had surpassed Nokia—the market leader since 1998—to become the world's top mobile phone manufacturer by volume.[19][20]

On August 24, 2012, a jury of nine U.S. citizens determined that Samsung Electronics owed Apple $1.05 billion in damages for infringing six Apple patents related to smartphone technology. This amount was below Apple's initial claim of $2.5 billion. The verdict also cleared Apple of violating five Samsung patents cited during the trial.[21] Samsung criticized the ruling, warning it could hinder innovation within the industry.[22] This legal battle followed a South Korean court decision that found both companies guilty of infringing each other’s intellectual property rights.[23] Following this verdict, Samsung’s shares on the KOSPI index dropped by 7.7%, marking their largest decline since October 24, 2008, closing at 1,177,000 South Korean won.[24] Subsequently, Apple sought to prohibit sales of eight Samsung models—including Galaxy S 4G and several Galaxy S2 variants—in the U.S., but this request was denied by the court.[25][26]

By mid-2013, Taiwan’s Fair Trade Commission initiated an investigation into Samsung and its affiliated Taiwanese advertising firm over allegations of deceptive advertising practices. Complaints indicated that the agency employed students to post negative comments about competitors of Samsung Electronics on internet forums.[27] In response, Samsung Taiwan issued a statement via its Facebook page denying any interference with evaluation reports and confirmed it had ceased online marketing activities involving posting or responding within forums.[28]

In the year 2015, Samsung secured more U.S. patents than any other corporation, receiving a total of 7,679 utility patents by December 11.[29]

The Galaxy Note 7 was released on August 19, 2016.[30] However, early in September that year, sales were halted and an unofficial recall was announced after some devices exhibited battery defects causing overheating and fires. Replacement units were distributed but later found to suffer from similar battery issues. As a result, on October 10, all Galaxy Note 7 units worldwide were recalled permanently and production was discontinued the following day.[31][32][33]

In July of 2018, Samsung inaugurated what is considered the largest mobile manufacturing plant globally in Noida, India—a ceremony attended by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and South Korean President Moon Jae-in.[34][35]

In early 2023, Samsung declared plans to reduce memory chip production following an anticipated quarterly operating profit decline of approximately ninety-six percent—a decrease from ₩14 trillion in fiscal year 2022 to around ₩600 billion—attributed mainly to subdued demand post-COVID and global economic slowdown. Despite this forecasted downturn, the company's stock price rose by over four percent.[36] Additionally, Samsung ranked among the top two applicants worldwide for PCT patent filings during both the years of 2022 and 2023.[37]

Influence in South Korea

Samsung exerts significant impact on South Korea's economic growth, political landscape, media, and cultural spheres, playing a pivotal role in what is known as the "Miracle on the Han River". Its affiliated entities account for approximately one-fifth of the nation's total export volume. In 2022, Samsung's revenue represented 22.4% of South Korea’s $1.67 trillion gross domestic product.

According to Woo Suk-hoon, host of a widely followed economics podcast, "One might argue that the Samsung chairman wields more influence than the President of South Korea. The public has come to view Samsung as untouchable and beyond legal accountability," as cited in a Washington Post article titled "In South Korea, the Republic of Samsung" published on 9 December 2012. Critics argue that Samsung has eliminated smaller competitors, thereby reducing consumer options within South Korea. Additionally, it has been accused of engaging in price-fixing agreements with other major corporations and intimidating investigators. During a presidential debate, candidate Lee Jung-hee stated, "Samsung controls the government. It dominates the legal system, media, academic institutions, and bureaucracy."

Operations

File:본사 사옥.jpg
Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance HQ

Samsung consists of approximately 80 affiliated companies. Its business ventures span sectors such as construction, consumer electronics, financial services, shipbuilding, and medical services. Additionally, the conglomerate operates two research and development centers that have enabled it to expand into advanced fields including "high-polymer chemicals, genetic engineering tools and overall biotech, aerospace, and nanotechnology."

As of April 2011, the Samsung Group included 59 privately held companies alongside 19 publicly traded entities, all primarily listed on the Korea Exchange.

For the fiscal year 2009, Samsung reported consolidated revenues amounting to 220 trillion KRW (equivalent to $172.5 billion). By fiscal year 2010, consolidated revenues had increased to 280 trillion KRW ($258 billion), with profits reaching 30 trillion KRW ($27.6 billion), based on an exchange rate of 1,084.5 KRW per USD as of August 19, 2011. These figures exclude income generated by Samsung’s subsidiaries operating outside South Korea.

In 2024, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ranked Samsung first globally for the number of industrial design applications filed under the Hague System. During 2023, Samsung submitted a total of 544 industrial design applications, securing its top position worldwide.

Leadership

  1. Lee Byung-chul (1938–1966, 1968–1987)
  2. Lee Maeng-hee (1966–1968), eldest son of Lee Byung-chul
  3. Lee Kun-hee (1987–2008, 2010–2020), third son of Lee Byung-chul
  4. Lee Soo-bin (2008–2010)

Affiliates

File:Samsung Headquarters - Silicon Valley.jpg
Samsung's headquarters in Silicon Valley, located in San Jose, California

Samsung Electronics, headquartered in Suwon, is a global leader in electronics and information technology and serves as the Samsung Group's flagship enterprise. Its product portfolio encompasses air conditioners, computers, digital televisions, active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLEDs), mobile phones, display monitors, computer printers, refrigerators, semiconductors, and telecommunications networking equipment. In the first quarter of 2012, it was the leading mobile phone manufacturer worldwide by unit sales, capturing a 25.4% share of the global market. By 2011 revenue figures, it ranked as the second-largest semiconductor producer globally, trailing only Intel.

Steco represents a joint venture founded in 1995 between Samsung Electronics and Japan's Toray Industries. Meanwhile, Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corporation (TSST), established in 2004 as a collaboration between Samsung Electronics and Japan's Toshiba, focuses on manufacturing optical disc drives; Toshiba holds a 51% stake while Samsung owns 49%. Samsung Electronics trades on the Korea Exchange under the ticker 005930.

Samsung Biologics, launched in 2011, operates as Samsung’s biopharmaceutical arm offering contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) services including drug substance production, product manufacturing, and bioanalytical testing. Headquartered in Incheon, South Korea, its three existing plants form the largest biologic contract manufacturing complex globally. The company has expanded its contract development laboratory to San Francisco in the United States. Samsung Biologics is publicly listed on the Korean Exchange with ticker 207940. Samsung Bioepis is a biosimilar manufacturer jointly owned by Samsung Biologics (majority shareholder) and U.S.-based Biogen Idec (50%). In 2014, Biogen Idec agreed to commercialize forthcoming anti-TNF biosimilars in Europe through Samsung Bioepis.

Samsung Engineering, founded in January 1969 and based in Seoul, specializes internationally in constructing facilities such as oil refineries; upstream oil and gas installations; petrochemical and gas plants; steel production sites; power generation plants; water treatment facilities; and other infrastructure projects. In 2011, its total revenue reached approximately 9.3 trillion won (about US$8.06 billion). Samsung Engineering is listed on the Korea Exchange under number 02803450.

Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance, headquartered in Seoul, is a multinational general insurance provider. Established initially as Korea Anbo Fire and Marine Insurance in January 1952, it adopted its current name in December 1993. Its offerings include accident insurance, automobile insurance, casualty insurance, fire insurance, liability insurance, marine insurance, personal pensions, and loan products. As of March 2011, it operated across ten countries serving 6.5 million clients. That year it reported premium income totaling $11.7 billion and assets amounting to $28.81 billion. It stands as South Korea’s largest general insurer and has been listed on the Korea Exchange since 1975 under ticker 000810.

Samsung Heavy Industries, founded in August 1974 with headquarters in Seoul, is engaged primarily in shipbuilding and engineering. Its main products include bulk carriers, container ships, crude oil tankers, cruise vessels, passenger ferries, material handling equipment steel structures, and bridge components. Reporting revenues of approximately 13.36 trillion won in 2011, it ranks as the world’s second-largest shipbuilder by revenue after Hyundai Heavy Industries. It trades publicly on the Korea Exchange with ticker number 010140.

Samsung Life Insurance, a multinational life insurer headquartered in Seoul and founded as Dongbang Life Insurance in March 1957 before joining Samsung Group in July 1963, focuses on providing individual life insurance policies and annuity services. By December 2011 it operated across seven countries with over 8 million customers and nearly 6,000 employees. Its total sales for that year were about 22.7 trillion won with assets exceeding 161 trillion won at year-end. It is South Korea’s largest life insurance provider. The company has formed joint ventures such as Samsung Air China Life Insurance (50:50 partnership with China National Aviation Holding) established in Beijing in July 2005 and Siam Samsung Life Insurance where it holds a 37% stake alongside Thailand’s Saha Group (37.5%) and Thanachart Bank (25%). Samsung Life Insurance is listed on the Korea Exchange under ticker 032830.

Samsung SDI, known for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles including models like the BMW i3, acquired Magna Steyr’s battery plant near Graz in Austria during 2015. Previously producing CRTs and VFD displays until ceasing those operations by 2012, SDI introduced the "21700" battery cell format starting August 2015. The company plans to convert its factory located in Göd, Hungary to supply batteries for up to 50,000 cars annually. It utilizes lithium-ion technology for batteries powering phones and portable computers. On December 5th, 2012, the European Union imposed fines on Samsung SDI along with other corporations for price-fixing cathode-ray tube TVs over nearly ten years. Samsung SDI is traded on the Korea Exchange under ticker number 006400.

Samsung SDS, established in March 1985 as an IT services firm headquartered in South Korea, specializes in deploying IT systems including enterprise resource planning (ERP), IT infrastructure solutions, consulting services, outsourcing operations, and data center management. It ranks as Korea’s largest IT service provider with revenues totaling approximately 6.1 trillion won (US$5.71 billion) recorded in 2012.

Samsung C&T Corporation is publicly traded on the Korea Exchange under ticker code 000830.

Samsung Electro-Mechanics, founded in 1973 and based in Suwon, produces key electronic components and is listed on the Korea Exchange under number 009150.

Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), created in 1987 with headquarters also located in Suwon, operates research laboratories worldwide.

Ace Digitech trades publicly on the Korean stock market with ticker number 036550.

Cheil Industries, listed under number 001300 on the Korea Exchange.

Cheil Worldwide, operating within marketing services including advertising and public relations sectors, is listed under ticker number 030000.

Credu, registered on the Korean stock exchange under code number 067280.

Imarket Korea, specializing in procurement services alongside business-to-business goods distribution, is listed with ticker number 122900.

'Samsung Card, a credit card issuer based in South Korea, trades on the Korea Exchange under ticker number 029780.

Hotel Shilla, also known simply as “The Shilla,” commenced operations in March of 1979 following founder Lee Byung-chul's vision for hospitality excellence within Samsung Group. Shilla Hotels and Resorts is publicly listed under ticker number 008770.

Samsung C&T Corporation engages primarily across three sectors: Environment & Asset Management; Food Culture; and Resort Development.

Samsung Medical Center, inaugurated on November 9th, 1994 with a mission to enhance national health through superior medical care delivery coupled with advanced research and training of medical professionals. The center comprises a hospital facility plus Asia’s largest cancer center located within an intelligent building spanning over 200,000 square meters featuring twenty floors above ground and five below ground housing forty departments alongside ten specialized centers and one hundred twenty clinics accommodating over thirteen hundred beds overall. The Cancer Center itself contains six hundred fifty-five beds distributed over eleven floors above ground plus eight subterranean levels totaling more than one hundred thousand square meters of floor space. Staffed by approximately seven thousand four hundred employees including more than twelve hundred doctors and two thousand three hundred nurses—the center pioneered patient-centered hospital concepts within South Korea since its establishment during the early nineties. Annual contributions from Samsung approximate US$100 million toward its operations. The Medical Center encompasses Samsung Seoul Hospital along with Kangbuk Samsung Hospital; Samsung Changwon Hospital; Samsung Cancer Center; plus the Samsung Life Sciences Research Center. In a milestone collaboration during 2010 with pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, research efforts focused on genomic mechanisms influencing clinical outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma patients were initiated.

Divestitures

Hanwha Techwin specialized in the development and production of surveillance equipment (including security cameras), aeronautics, optoelectronics, automation systems, and defense technologies. In December 2014, it was announced that the company would be transferred to Hanwha Group, with the acquisition finalized in June 2015. Subsequently, the firm was rebranded as Hanwha Techwin. It was publicly traded on the Korea Exchange under the ticker 012450.

Samsung Thales Co., Ltd.—originally known as Samsung Thomson-CSF Co., Ltd. until 2001—was a collaborative enterprise between Samsung Techwin and the French aerospace and defense corporation Thales. Founded in 1978, this Seoul-based company’s Samsung ownership was included in the transfer to Hanwha Group during the Techwin deal.

The chemical division Samsung General Chemicals was divested to Hanwha, while another chemical segment was sold to Lotte Corporation in 2016.

Hanwha Total represented a 50/50 partnership between Samsung and the French energy conglomerate TotalEnergies, specifically involving Samsung General Chemicals and Total Petrochemicals. Upon acquisition of Samsung General Chemicals, Hanwha Group assumed Samsung’s share in this joint venture.

Discontinued

Alpha Processor Inc. (API) was created in 1998 as a collaborative enterprise with the American company Compaq to penetrate the premium microprocessor sector. This partnership also aimed to broaden Samsung's footprint beyond memory chips by producing DEC Alpha CPUs. At inception, Samsung and Compaq collectively invested $500 million in Alpha Processor.

GE Samsung Lighting represented a joint venture formed in 1998 between Samsung and the lighting division of General Electric (GE). This partnership was dissolved in 2009.

Established in 2000, Global Steel Exchange was a collaborative effort among Samsung, U.S.-based Cargill, Switzerland's Duferco Group, and Luxembourg's Tradearbed (now under ArcelorMittal) to facilitate online steel trading.

Template:Plain image with caption Samtron, initially a Samsung subsidiary, became independent in 1999. It continued producing computer monitors and plasma displays until 2003, after which the Samtron brand transitioned back to Samsung. By 2003, the Samtron website redirected visitors to Samsung's site.

S-LCD Corporation was established as a joint venture in April 2004, jointly owned by Samsung Electronics (holding slightly over 50%) and Japan's Sony Corporation (holding just under 50%). On December 26, 2011, Samsung Electronics announced plans to purchase all Sony shares, gaining full ownership.

Collaborations

Samsung Fine Chemicals is publicly traded on the Korea Exchange under stock code 004000.

In the United States, Samsung Machine Tools of America functions as a national distributor of machinery. Meanwhile, Samsung GM Machine Tools serves as the headquarters for China operations and is legally incorporated as SMEC.

Samsung Securities is listed on the Korea Exchange with stock number 016360.

Founded in 1997 as Korea's pioneering specialized security firm, S-1 has retained industry leadership through continual innovation. S1 Corporation trades publicly on the Korea Exchange under code 012750.KS.

The state-owned Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation established a Chicago-based venture called aT Grain Co., partnering with three South Korean firms: Korea Agro-Fisheries holds a majority 55% stake, while Samsung C&T Corp, Hanjin Transportation Co., and STX Corporation each own 15%.

Formed in 1999, Brooks Automation Asia Co., Ltd. is a joint venture between Brooks Automation (70%) and Samsung (30%). The company locally produces vacuum wafer handling platforms and 300mm Front-Opening Unified Pod (FOUP) load port modules, along with designing and manufacturing atmospheric loading systems for flat panel displays.

Founded in 2007 as a subsidiary of Samsung C & T Corporation, along with Samsung C & T Deutschland and POSCO, POSS – SLPC s.r.o. operates within this collaborative framework.

Headquartered in Ulsan, Samsung BP Chemicals is a joint venture between Samsung (49%) and UK-based BP (51%), established in 1989 to manufacture high-value chemical products used in rechargeable batteries and liquid crystal displays.

Established in 1973, Samsung Corning Precision Glass is a partnership between Samsung and Corning. Initially producing cathode ray tube glass for black-and-white TVs, it launched its first LCD glass substrate plant in Gumi, South Korea, in 1996.

The Korea-based joint venture Samsung Sumitomo LED Materials, formed between Samsung LED Co., Ltd. from Suwon and Japan’s Sumitomo Chemical, focuses on R&D, production, and sales of sapphire substrates for LEDs.

Launched in October 2004 as a joint corporation by Samsung and chemical giant DuPont, SD Flex Co., Ltd. specializes in flexible electronics materials.

Specializing in aircraft manufacturing techniques such as specialized welding and brazing, Sermatech Korea is co-owned by GKN (formerly Sermatech International) holding 51%, with Samsung owning the remaining 49%.

Opened officially in Singapore in June 2008, Siltronic Samsung Wafer Pte. Ltd. is a joint venture between Samsung and Siltronic, a wholly owned subsidiary of Wacker Chemie.

Formed in 2011 as a joint enterprise between Samsung Fine Chemicals and MEMC, SMP Ltd. was created to construct a polysilicon manufacturing facility.

Established in 1995 through collaboration between Samsung Electro-Mechanics and Toray Industries, Stemco focuses on increasing flat-panel display circuit substrate capacity.

Founded in June 2008 as an equal partnership between Robert Bosch GmbH (Bosch) and Samsung SDI, SB LiMotive develops and produces lithium-ion batteries designed for hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrids, and electric vehicles.

Partially owned companies

Samsung Heavy Industries holds a 10% ownership interest in the Brazilian shipbuilder Atlântico Sul, whose Atlântico Sul Shipyard ranks as the largest shipyard facility in South America. The Joao Candido, recognized as Brazil's largest vessel, was constructed by Atlântico Sul utilizing technology licensed from Samsung Heavy Industries. The two firms maintain a technical collaboration agreement, facilitating the transfer of industrial design, ship engineering expertise, and related technical knowledge to Atlântico Sul.

Samsung Life Insurance is the principal shareholder of the South Korean banking firm DGB Financial Group, possessing a 7.4% equity stake. DGB Financial Group operates primarily within the banking sector in Korea and is segmented into six operational divisions, with the majority of its funding sourced from public deposits.

Samsung Display acquired a 7.4% share in Corning Inc., the manufacturer of Gorilla Glass, alongside entering into a long-term supply contract. Corning Inc., an American enterprise, specializes in glass chemistry, ceramic science, and optical physics, focusing on manufacturing and engineering to develop products that support various industries and enhance quality of life. The company maintains a strong commitment to ongoing research and development initiatives.

Samsung Heavy Industries owns 14.1% of Doosan Engine, ranking as the second-largest shareholder. Doosan Group, established in 1896 by Park Seung-jik in South Korea, specializes in heavy industry and construction projects, including power generation facilities and desalination plants.

In 1990, MEMC formed a joint venture with Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd. to build a silicon manufacturing plant in Korea. MEMC Korea Company produces and supplies electronic components such as ingots and silicon wafers.

Samsung Electronics acquired a 10% stake in Pantech, a competing mobile phone manufacturer founded in South Korea in 1991. Pantech produces mobile phones and tablets and operates across multiple markets including South Korea, the United States, Japan, Europe, Vietnam, and China.

Samsung Electronics currently holds a 4.19% ownership interest in Rambus Incorporated. Founded in 1990 in the United States, Rambus specializes in electronic components production and licenses chip interface technologies and architectures for digital electronic devices.

Samsung Card possesses a 19.9% stake in Renault Samsung Motors, a South Korean automotive company established in 1994. Since initiating automotive transactions in 1998, Renault Samsung Motors has expanded its portfolio to include various car models and electric vehicles.

Samsung Electronics maintains a 9.6% shareholding in Seagate Technology, making it the second-largest investor. Per their shareholder agreement, Samsung retains the right to appoint an executive to Seagate’s board of directors. Seagate Technology is an American firm founded in 1979 that operates within the computer storage sector and is a major supplier of microcomputers and hard disk drives.

As of June 2021, Samsung holds a 3% stake in Sharp Corporation, one of its competitors. Sharp Corporation is a Japanese electronics manufacturer established in 1912 that designs and produces products such as mobile phones, microwave ovens, and air conditioners.

Samsung Engineering owns 10% of Sungjin Geotec, an offshore oil drilling company affiliated with POSCO. Founded in 1989 in South Korea, Sungjin Geotec specializes in manufacturing offshore facilities, oil sand modules, petrochemical plant components, and desalination plants.

Taylor Energy is an independent U.S.-based oil company located in New Orleans, Louisiana, conducting drilling operations primarily in the Gulf of Mexico. Samsung Oil & Gas USA Corp holds a 20% ownership interest in Taylor Energy. Established in 1979, Taylor Energy focuses on oil drilling activities within the Gulf region.

Acquisitions and attempted acquisitions

Template:Prose Samsung's history includes the following acquisitions and acquisition attempts:

In 1995, Samsung Techwin purchased the German camera company Rollei. Leveraging Rollei's optical technology, Samsung developed a range of Swiss-made timepieces. Nevertheless, on 11 March 1995, the Cologne District Court issued an injunction barring the promotion and sale of Rollei watches within Germany.[38][39] By 1999, the management team of Rollei repurchased the company.[40]

Samsung's effort to acquire Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker was thwarted after its proposal to partner with other airplane producers was declined. The three intended collaborators—Hyundai, Hanjin, and Daewoo—informed the South Korean government that they would not join the consortium led by Samsung Aerospace Industries.[41]

In an attempt to enter the North American computer market, Samsung acquired a 40% interest in AST Research in 1995. However, due to significant staff departures within research divisions and ongoing financial losses, Samsung ultimately shut down the California-based company.[42]

Also in 1995, Samsung’s textile division invested in FUBU, a U.S.-based hip hop clothing brand, following the founder’s advertisement seeking investment in The New York Times.[43][44]

A strategic partnership was formed between Samsung Securities Co., Ltd. and N M Rothschild & Sons to collaborate on investment banking activities. This alliance aimed to jointly manage international mergers and acquisitions.[45]

In December 2010, Samsung Electronics acquired MEDISON Co., a South Korean firm specializing in medical equipment. This acquisition marked Samsung’s initial move toward expanding beyond its traditional consumer electronics market.[46]

Samsung announced in July 2011 that it had acquired Grandis Inc., a supplier of spin-transfer torque random access memory (MRAM).[47] Following this acquisition, Grandis was integrated into Samsung’s research and development division to advance next-generation RAM technologies.[48]

In December 2011, Samsung Electronics’ board approved acquiring Sony’s entire share in their joint liquid-crystal display (LCD) venture established in 2004 for approximately 1.1 trillion won (around $939 million).[49]

In May 2012, Samsung Electronics acquired mSpot, aiming to develop a cloud-based music platform. This initiative culminated in the launch of Samsung Music Hub.[50] Later that year, in December, Samsung purchased privately held storage software company NVELO, Inc., headquartered in Santa Clara, California.[51] NVELO was incorporated into Samsung's R&D efforts to enhance software that manages and optimizes next-generation SSD storage systems for both consumer and enterprise computing environments.

January 2013 saw Samsung acquire medical imaging firm NeuroLogica, furthering its ambition to become a leader in medical technology; financial details were not disclosed.[52]

In August 2014, Samsung acquired SmartThings, an emerging startup specializing in home automation technologies. Although the exact transaction value was undisclosed, TechCrunch estimated it at approximately $200 million.[53] Concurrently, Samsung procured U.S.-based air conditioner distributor Quietside LLC as part of its strategy to bolster its smart home portfolio.[54]

November of the same year marked Samsung’s acquisition of Proximal Data, a San Diego-based innovator in server-side caching software for virtualized environments.[55]

In February 2015, Samsung entered the mobile payments sector by acquiring U.S.-based company LoopPay, enabling its entry into smartphone transaction services.[56]

March of that year also saw Samsung acquire YESCO Electronics, a small U.S.-based firm specializing in LED display manufacturing for digital billboards and signage.[57]

In October of 2016, Samsung purchased Viv, an artificial intelligence company developed by the creators of Apple’s Siri.[58]

Later that year, in November, Samsung Canada revealed it had acquired Rich Communication Services, a firm focused on advancing new text messaging technologies.[59]

Major clients

File:Lunskoye.jpeg
The Lunskoye platform under construction, part of the Sakhalin-II project—one of the globe's largest oil and gas ventures. The topside structures for the LUN-A (Lunskoye) and PA-B (Piltun Astokhskoye) platforms were fabricated at the Samsung Heavy Industries shipyard in South Korea.

Key customers comprise:

Shell plc

Over a 15-year span from 2009 to 2024, Samsung Heavy Industries has served as the exclusive supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage solutions for Shell plc, with contracts valued up to US$50 billion.
Shell announced its initiative to construct the inaugural floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) platform. In October 2012, fabrication commenced at Samsung Heavy Industries' facility on Geoje Island, South Korea, on a vessel that, upon completion and full loading, will weigh approximately 600,000 tonnes—making it the heaviest "ship" ever built.

United Arab Emirates government

In 2009, a consortium composed of South Korean companies—including Samsung, Korea Electric Power Corporation, and Hyundai—secured a $40 billion contract to develop nuclear power plants within the United Arab Emirates.

Ontario government

The Ontario provincial administration in Canada finalized one of the globe's most substantial renewable energy initiatives, securing a $6.6 billion agreement to add 2,500 MW of new wind and solar energy capacity. According to this contract, a consortium led by Samsung alongside the Korea Electric Power Corporation is responsible for developing 2,000 MW of new wind farm installations and 500 MW of solar power facilities, while also establishing a manufacturing supply chain within Ontario.

Corporate image

The predominant hue in Samsung’s emblem is blue, a color the company has consistently utilized over time, intended to represent qualities such as stability, dependability, and corporate social responsibility.

Samsung’s audio branding consists of a sequence of notes: E♭, A♭, D♭, E♭. The melody begins with an E♭ note, ascends a perfect fourth to A♭, descends a perfect fifth to D♭, and then rises a major second back to the original E♭ tone. This sound logo was created by Musikvergnuegen and composed by Walter Werzowa. The use of this audio signature was discontinued in 2015.

Font

In 2014, Samsung introduced its proprietary typeface called Samsung Sharp Sans.

Later, in July 2016, the company launched SamsungOne, a font designed to unify Samsung’s visual identity across its extensive product lineup. SamsungOne prioritizes readability across devices ranging from compact smartphones to large connected televisions and refrigerators. It is also utilized in Samsung’s marketing materials and advertisements. This font family supports over 25,000 characters covering approximately 400 languages.

Sponsorships

For additional details on Samsung's involvement in sports sponsorship, see Samsung Sports.
File:Samsung display Salt Lake Olympics.jpg
Samsung exhibit at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City

In 2013, Samsung Electronics allocated approximately $14 billion (USD) to advertising and marketing, representing 5.4% of its yearly revenue. This percentage surpasses that of any other top-20 global company by sales, with Apple allocating only 0.6% and General Motors 3.5%. In 2012, Samsung emerged as the leading advertiser worldwide, investing $4.3 billion compared to Apple's $1 billion. Despite this, Samsung's global brand valuation stood at $39.6 billion, which is less than half of Apple's brand worth.

In Vietnam

Samsung acquired an investment certificate in March 2008 and commenced the establishment of its inaugural mobile phone manufacturing facility in Vietnam, known as Samsung Electronics Vietnam (SEV), located in Bac Ninh.[60][61][62] The initial capital investment was set at $670 million USD but was rapidly expanded first to $1.5 billion USD and subsequently to $2.5 billion USD, nearly quadrupling the original funding amount.[63][64][65][66]

From 2018 through 2022, Samsung generated export revenues exceeding $306 billion USD for Vietnam.[67][68] Even amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, exports in 2022 alone reached $65 billion USD, playing a crucial role in helping Vietnam surpass the $700 billion mark in total export value for the first time, with a figure exceeding $732 billion USD.[63]

Moreover, Samsung has significantly advanced Vietnamese enterprises' integration into the international value chain and has been instrumental in fostering growth within Vietnam's electronics sector.[69][70][71] The count of Vietnamese suppliers within Samsung's global supply network has grown tenfold, rising from 25 companies in 2014 to 257 by the close of 2022.[72][63]

Labor abuses

Between 2012 and 2015, Samsung faced multiple allegations concerning the presence of child labor within its supply chain.

In July 2014, Samsung terminated its agreement with Shinyang Electronics following reports of the company breaching child labor regulations. Samsung's inquiry revealed that Shinyang had employed underage workers, prompting the company to immediately end their partnership in accordance with its strict "zero tolerance" stance on child labor infringements.

During the same period, China Labor Watch (CLW) accused one of Samsung’s Chinese suppliers, HEG, of employing minors. HEG rejected these claims and initiated legal action against CLW. In August 2014, CLW reported that HEG had hired more than ten children below the age of 16 at a facility located in Huizhou, Guangdong, with the youngest worker allegedly being 14 years old. Samsung conducted an on-site inspection involving individual interviews and stated it found no proof of child labor. However, CLW countered that HEG had dismissed the underage employees mentioned prior to Samsung’s investigation.

Additionally, CLW alleged that HEG failed to comply with overtime compensation laws for adult employees. For example, a female university student reportedly worked four hours of overtime daily but received only her regular wage, despite Chinese legislation mandating overtime pay at rates between 1.5 and 2 times the normal salary.

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute identified Samsung among at least 82 prominent companies linked to alleged forced labor involving Uyghurs in Xinjiang.

Union suppression efforts

Main article: Samsung and unions

Samsung maintains a strict stance against labor unions and has been actively involved in suppressing union activities across various countries.[73][74] Additionally, Samsung faced legal action from a union alleging the unlawful removal of a deceased employee's body.[75][76] On 6 May 2020, Lee Jae-yong, Samsung’s vice chairman, issued a public apology addressing the controversies surrounding the company’s union suppression practices.[77]

2007 illicit fund controversy

On 29 October 2007, Kim Yong-chul, formerly leading the legal division within Samsung's Restructuring Office, alongside the Catholic Priests Association for Justice, exposed a secret fund managed by Lee Kun-hee. The investigation revealed a list of 30 art pieces acquired by the Lee family through these hidden funds, stored in a Samsung warehouse located south of Seoul. Documents also detailed bribery payments to prosecutors, judges, legislators, and tax officials involving numerous bank accounts under borrowed names.[78][79]

The judiciary sentenced Lee Kun-hee to three years imprisonment with a five-year probation period and imposed a fine amounting to Template:KRWConvert. However, on 29 December 2009, then-President Lee Myung-bak granted Lee a special pardon, citing the intention to enable his continued participation in the International Olympic Committee.[80]

In 2010, Kim Yong-chul authored Thinking about Samsung, a book that provides an in-depth examination of Samsung's conduct and its lobbying efforts targeting government officials—including judiciary members, prosecutors, and national tax authorities—to facilitate the transfer of management control to Lee Jae-yong.[81]

Lee Kun-hee's involvement in a prostitution controversy

In July 2016, the investigative outlet KCIJ-Newstapa published footage allegedly depicting Samsung chairman Lee Kun-hee compensating several prostitutes for sexual services.[82] The recordings were made on five distinct occasions between December 2011 and June 2013, capturing events at both Lee’s personal residence and a covertly rented property.[83]

Authorities arrested six individuals accused of secretly filming these compromising videos without Lee Kun-hee’s consent.[84] Investigators revealed that the suspects allegedly extorted Samsung for Template:KRWConvert by threatening to publicize the footage, a claim denied by Samsung representatives.[85]

Among those apprehended was an individual surnamed Seon, who previously held an executive position at CJ CheilJedang, a rival Chaebol that was originally part of Samsung Group until its spin-off in 1993.[86] Lee Kun-hee’s elder sibling, Lee Jay-hyun, serves as Chairman of CJ CheilJedang, and the two brothers have maintained a longstanding rivalry.[87] This familial discord sparked speculation that Lee Jay-hyun might have orchestrated the scandal against his younger brother through their former executive. Nonetheless, prosecutors found no conclusive evidence indicating that CJ’s leadership had any awareness or involvement in these activities.[88]

On 12 April 2018, the Supreme Court of Korea sentenced the ex-CJ CheilJedang employee to four years and six months imprisonment for charges related to blackmail and intimidation.[89]

Although there was conjecture about prosecutors investigating Lee Kun-hee’s potential involvement in sex trafficking, no formal charges were ever filed, likely influenced by his deteriorating health condition.[85] After suffering a heart attack in 2014, Lee entered a coma from which he never recovered until his passing in 2020.[90][91]

2017 bribery scandal

In February 2017, Lee Jae-yong, the de facto head of Samsung, was taken into custody on charges including bribery, embezzlement, concealment of overseas assets, and perjury. The allegations centered on Lee providing approximately Template:KRWConvert to a close associate of then-President Park Geun-hye in exchange for governmental approval of a merger between two Samsung subsidiaries. He was found guilty and initially received a five-year prison sentence; however, after serving one year, the Seoul High Court reduced his sentence by half and suspended it. Subsequently, in 2021, following a retrial, Lee was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison once again. He was granted early release after completing ten months in August 2021, coinciding with South Korea’s annual Liberation Day amnesty. In August 2022, Lee was granted a presidential pardon, which local surveys indicated had the backing of 70% of the South Korean population.

Supporting far-right groups

Special prosecutors investigating the 2016 South Korean political scandal revealed that the Blue House received financial contributions from the country’s four largest conglomerates—Samsung, Hyundai Motor Group, SK Group, and LG Group—to support pro-government rallies organized by conservative and far-right groups such as the Korean Parent Federation (KPF) and the Moms Brigade.

Price fixing

On 19 October 2011, Samsung entities were penalized with a €145,727,000 fine for participating in a price-fixing cartel involving ten companies within the DRAM market, which operated from 1 July 1998 until 15 June 2002. Similar to most cartel participants, these companies received a 10% reduction in their fines for cooperating and admitting the wrongdoing to authorities. Samsung was responsible for covering 90% of its allocated penalty amount, whereas Micron was exempted from payment due to being the initial whistleblower who disclosed the cartel to investigators.

In Canada, during 1999, several DRAM chip manufacturers, including Samsung, were implicated in a price-fixing conspiracy. The investigation into this scheme began in 2002 but was halted as an economic downturn emerged that year, effectively ending the cartel's activity. However, the Canadian government quietly reopened the inquiry in 2014. After gathering sufficient evidence, it was presented during a class action lawsuit hearing involving Samsung and two other firms. The companies consented to a settlement totaling $120 million, comprising a $40 million penalty and $80 million designated for reimbursement to Canadian consumers who purchased electronics such as computers, printers, MP3 players, gaming consoles, or cameras between April 1999 and June 2002.

Misleading claims

In Australia in 2022, Samsung was fined AU$14 million by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) for making deceptive claims regarding water resistance on more than 3.1 million smartphones. The ACCC reported that between 2016 and 2018, Samsung promoted its Galaxy S7, S7 Edge, A5, A7, S8, S8 Plus, and Note 8 models as capable of withstanding brief water immersion. Nevertheless, numerous users reported problems such as corrosion in charging ports following exposure to water. The ACCC determined that marketing these devices as "water resistant" was misleading and imposed the fine accordingly.

External links

File:Commons-logo.svg
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]].

Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 359: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').

  • Lua error in Module:Official_website at line 90: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).

Template:Samsung Template:Chaebol Template:Choi Soon-sil scandal Template:British Royal Warrant recipients Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 159: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named samsung.co.kr
  2. ↑ Global 500 2024 Brand Value Ranking
  3. ↑ Samsung Electronics revenue data
  4. ↑ Shipbuilding industry ranking
  5. ↑ Engineering News-Record rankings
  6. ↑ Life insurance industry ranking
  7. ↑ Theme park operator details
  8. ↑ Advertising agency ranking
  9. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Hansol, Shinsegae Deny Relations with Saehan Archived 13 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine 24 May 2000. Joongangdaily
  12. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).Template:Fix/category[dead link]
  14. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named businesswire6dec2011
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named yangbw7dec2011
  19. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  20. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ↑ Vascellaro, Jessica E.. (25 August 2012) The Wall Street Journal Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  22. ↑ "Samsung bites back after Apple victory" Archived 30 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Al Jazeera English. 26 August 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  23. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  24. ↑ Samsung Shares Fall After Apple Wins $1 Billion Verdict Archived 22 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Bloomberg. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  25. ↑ "Apple Seeks Ban on Sales of Eight Samsung Phones in U.S." Archived 22 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  26. ↑ "Apple Denied Motion for Permanent Injunction" Archived 3 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Scribd.com. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  27. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  28. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  29. ↑ Tood Bishop, GeekWire. "New stats: Samsung surges past IBM to lead U.S. patent race for 2015 Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine." 15 December 2015.
  30. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  31. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  32. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  33. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  34. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  35. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  36. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  37. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  38. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  39. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  40. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  41. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  42. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  43. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  44. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  45. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  46. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  47. ↑ Dylan McGrath, EE Times. "Samsung buys MRAM developer Grandis Archived 27 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine." 2 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  48. ↑ Chris Preimesberger, eWeek. "Samsung Acquires New-Gen Memory Maker Grandis Archived 15 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive." 2 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  49. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  50. ↑ Samsung Electronics Acquires Mspot. Mspot
  51. ↑ Samsung Electronics Acquires NVELO. Samsung.com (14 December 2012). Retrieved 19 March 2013. Archived 23 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  52. ↑ Samsung Buys Medical Imaging Company NeuroLogica Archived 5 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. TechCrunch (28 January 2013). Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  53. ↑ Samsung Acquires SmartThings, A Fast-Growing Home Automation Startup Archived 30 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Forbes (14 August 2014). Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  54. ↑ Samsung buys U.S. air conditioner firm Quietside in 'smart home' push / Archived 6 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Foxbusiness (19 August 2014). Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  55. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  56. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  57. ↑ By Min-Jeong Lee, The Wall Street Journal. "[https://blogs.wsj.com/digits / /samsungs-latest-acquisition-utah-based -yesco-electronics / Samsung's Latest Acquisition: Utah-Based Yesco Electronics ] Error in Webarchive template: Timestamp not a number.." // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits /
  58. ↑ {{Cite news |last=Panzarino |first=Matthew |date=5 October // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits /
  59. ↑ {{Cite news |last=Tibken |first= Shara |date =15 November // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits / // digits /
  60. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  61. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  62. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  64. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  65. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  66. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  67. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  68. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  69. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  70. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  71. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  72. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  73. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  74. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  75. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  76. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  77. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  78. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  79. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  80. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  81. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  82. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  83. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  84. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  86. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  87. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  88. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  89. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  90. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  91. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Retrieved from "https://www.alfawiki.org/index.php?title=Samsung_Wave_M&oldid=32386"