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WPST-TV

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WPST-TV
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryBroadcasting
FoundedAugust 2, 1957; 69 years ago (1957-08-02) in Miami, Florida, United States
FounderGeorge T. Baker
DefunctNovember 20, 1961 (1961-11-20)
FateLicense revoked by the FCC; replaced by WLBW-TV (now WPLG)
Headquarters
Miami
,
United States
ProductsTelevision broadcasting
OwnerPublic Service Television, Inc. (subsidiary of National Airlines)

WPST-TV (channel 10) operated as a television station in Miami, Florida from 1957 until 1961. It was Miami’s third commercial very high frequency (VHF) broadcaster and the second station in the market affiliated with the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), following WITV on channel 17. The station was owned by Public Service Television, Inc., a subsidiary of Miami-based National Airlines (NAL), led by founder and CEO George T. Baker. Notably, WPST-TV became the first television station in the United States to have its broadcast license revoked by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

The station’s history was fraught with disputes. NAL secured the license after competing against three other contenders. During the initial stages, Storer Broadcasting withdrew and sold its studio and transmission tower from WGBS-TV (channel 23) to NAL; WGBS-TV ceased broadcasting before WPST-TV began operations on August 2, 1957. In 1958, an FCC ethics investigation uncovered improper lobbying and unauthorized ex parte contacts between NAL and two other applicants with commissioners prior to their vote favoring NAL’s license application. This scandal implicated FCC commissioner and Miami native Richard A. Mack, who, influenced by attorney Thurman A. Whiteside to back NAL, resigned amid the controversy. Consequently, the FCC reopened the bidding process for channel 10.

Ultimately, NAL’s license was revoked, and L. B. Wilson, Inc. was awarded the replacement license, launching WLBW-TV (now WPLG) on November 20, 1961.

WPST-TV was one of two Miami stations stripped of their licenses due to this scandal; the other was WCKT (channel 7). Unlike WCKT, whose assets and programming were transferred to new ownership, WPST-TV’s sole continuity with WLBW-TV was its ABC network affiliation.

Applications and initial decision

On September 30, 1948, the FCC imposed a freeze on television station licenses to resolve interference and channel assignment challenges, resulting in WTVJ being Miami’s only broadcaster when it launched on March 21, 1949.[1] After the freeze lifted on April 13, 1952, Miami was allocated four VHF channels (2, 4, 7, and 10) plus two UHF channels (27 and 33); channel 2 was reserved for non-commercial educational broadcasting.[2][3]

The competition for channel 10 was intense. Initial applicants in June 1952 included WKAT (1360 AM), owned by former Miami Beach mayor A. Frank Katzentine, and WGBS (710 AM), controlled by Storer Broadcasting with plans for new facilities.[4][5] In January 1953, David Haber of WFEC (1220 AM) submitted an application,[6] followed by L. B. Wilson, Inc., which operated Cincinnati’s WCKY and whose principal resided in Miami Beach,[7][8] applying in March 1953. Storer withdrew in April after acquiring WBRC-TV in Birmingham, Alabama—exceeding FCC ownership limits,[9] but reapplied in September promising to divest a station if granted channel 10.[10] North Dade Video, Inc., also entered the race in April,[11] expanding the contest to five contenders.

Public Service Television, under George T. Baker—founder and CEO of National Airlines—joined as a sixth applicant in October 1953.[12] By November of that year, Haber had withdrawn,[13] while Storer’s reapplication was denied by the FCC due to ownership restrictions; although Storer appealed this policy, it was revised in 1954 permitting two UHF stations alongside five VHF channels.[14][15] This revision allowed Storer to acquire assets from a Fort Lauderdale UHF station with an unbuilt Miami permit and relaunch it as WGBS-TV.[16] Hearings commenced on January 29, 1954,[17] with formal evaluations beginning in June.[18]

North Dade Video attracted scrutiny when vice president Angus Graham resigned from the Miami-Dade school board following a failed educational TV funding referendum,[19] which led to detailed questioning during hearings.[20]

George T. Baker highlighted his intention to utilize channel 10 for public service by broadcasting government meetings, court sessions, and providing free religious content.[21] WKAT accused Public Service Television of excessive foreign ownership—a claim dismissed by the FCC;[22] Baker retaliated by alleging WKAT had gambling connections.[23] Although Baker held shares in Hialeah Park Race Track, he assured there would be no race track advertising on WPST-TV.[24] L. B. Wilson passed away in November 1954,[8] yet his company’s application continued. When hearings concluded on March 30, 1955, examiner Herbert Sharfman recommended awarding the license to WKAT due to its local roots and broadcast experience; Katzentine celebrated this outcome as a win for Greater Miami.[25]

Storer re-engages in dispute

Several weeks following the FCC examiner's preliminary ruling, George B. Storer, president of Storer Broadcasting, renewed his involvement in the channel 10 controversy. Partnering with Gerico Investment, which owned ABC affiliate WITV (channel 17), Storer petitioned for all VHF stations in the area—including WTVJ—to transition to UHF frequencies. Additionally, Storer demanded control of the channel 10 license and threatened to halt WGBS-TV’s broadcasts if his demands were not met. He supported this ultimatum by citing a favorable lower court decision that challenged FCC ownership restrictions. Mitchell Wolfson, owner of WTVJ, dismissed these threats as desperate legal maneuvers motivated by WGBS-TV’s financial difficulties.

WGBS-TV faced the potential loss of its NBC affiliation to Biscayne Television, led by James M. Cox, John S. Knight, and Niles Trammell, which had received a recommendation for channel 7; Trammell announced that NBC would partner with their station upon launch. In July 1955, the FCC denied Storer and Gerico’s petition, prompting them to seek a judicial injunction advocating for either an all-VHF or all-UHF market configuration—a process known as "deintermixture."

The legal challenge by Storer and Gerico was one of two appeals contesting new station approvals; unsuccessful applicants for channel 7 also opposed the FCC’s grant to Biscayne Television. Both appeals were rejected in March 1956, clearing the way for WCKT to begin broadcasting on channel 7 as an NBC affiliate. Consequently, WGBS-TV became an independent station with a diminished program schedule and relocated its facilities to Biscayne Boulevard. The final appeal by Storer and Gerico was dismissed in January 1957, paving the way for the allocation of channel 10, with Katzentine emerging as a prominent candidate.

Nevertheless, a February 1957 FCC ruling reportedly favored Public Service Television/NAL over Katzentine, surprising representatives of NAL. Oklahoma Senator A. S. Mike Monroney requested that the FCC postpone its decision to review whether an airline—NAL—eligible for federal subsidies should be permitted to own a television station; however, the FCC declined this request on procedural grounds to avoid potential legal missteps.

Construction

At its February 1957 session, the FCC confirmed industry speculation by granting a construction permit for channel 10 to Public Service Television/NAL. The vote tally was four commissioners supporting NAL, two backing other contenders, and one abstention. The commission commended NAL’s integrated approach combining ownership and management and noted alignment with WKAT and North Dade Video, Inc., regarding programming plans and media diversification strategies. L. B. Wilson, Inc.’s bid was weakened following Wilson’s passing. George T. Baker expressed appreciation upon receiving the permit and pledged that the station would uphold "public service television" principles. Late petitions from WKAT and Eastern Air Lines were rejected; Eastern contended that granting NAL the license would raise its advertising expenses, while WKAT accused Baker of anti-competitive lobbying against Northeast Airlines’ New York–Miami route.

Progress on construction quickened when Public Service Television negotiated with Storer to acquire WGBS-TV’s physical facilities and assets, effectively transforming WGBS-TV into a VHF operation. On April 5, Storer agreed to sell the land, transmission tower, and studios to Public Service Television for more than $500,000—facilitating an earlier launch of channel 10. Walter M. Koessler, former manager of WGBS-TV, was retained as station manager. The new station adopted the call letters WPST-TV and secured an ABC affiliation on June 16, 1957, effective August 1; incumbent affiliate WITV received no prior notification and reverted to independent status with a reduced programming slate.

Gerico submitted a final petition requesting that WITV be reassigned to channel 6 (a newly allocated frequency by the FCC), arguing that WCKT and WPST-TV had effectively eliminated UHF service in Miami. This petition was denied, resulting in WITV ceasing operations on May 11, 1958.

Station operation

WPST-TV initially operated out of WGBS-TV's cramped facilities until its dedicated studios on Biscayne Boulevard were finished; this required demolishing a warehouse to accommodate the new building. Groundbreaking occurred in June 1957, with an original target completion date set for November of that year. The station planned to commence broadcasting on August 1, 1957, officially beginning transmissions the following day. The temporary two-story structure, previously used by WGBS-TV, lacked sufficient space for proper studio setups—living rooms were converted into studios "A" and "B," while a carport was repurposed as a weather set. During the construction phase, a time capsule was embedded in the entrance walkway on December 23, 1957.

Significant personnel additions included Bill Wyler, who relocated his teenage dance program from WITV to WPST-TV at its launch; news commentator Bill Bayer joined in November; and children's entertainer Frank Weed brought his Tumbleweed Ranch show over from WITV and WTVJ. Molly Turner, with prior freelance work across several Miami stations, was hired as an in-studio commercial host before advancing to weather reporter and eventually co-hosting the morning program Good Morning, which featured a mix of cartoons, beauty tips, and interviews. Founder George T. Baker emphasized leveraging WPST-TV to improve coverage of community events and promote government transparency by supporting on-air editorials addressing local concerns.

On January 17, 1958, WPST-TV inaugurated its Biscayne Boulevard studios with a gala attended by approximately 500 civic leaders and notable figures including George B. Storer and actress Jayne Mansfield. The celebration included recorded greetings from Vice President Richard Nixon, Florida Governor LeRoy Collins, FCC Chairman John C. Doerfer, ABC president Leonard Goldenson, and ABC television vice president Oliver Treyz.

Richard Mack scandal

The dedication day of WPST-TV's new studios coincided with Drew Pearson's syndicated column exposing alleged widespread corruption within the FCC related to television station licensing, with WPST-TV prominently mentioned. Pearson accused FCC commissioner Richard A. Mack of accepting several thousand dollars from Thurman A. Whiteside, a Miami attorney representing NAL, during efforts by the Eisenhower administration to overturn examiner Herbert Sharfman’s recommendation favoring A. Frank Katzentine. Mack acknowledged Whiteside as a "close friend" and his legal advisor. Both Baker and Whiteside refuted Pearson’s allegations; however, Whiteside admitted to having previously provided legal services to Mack. Pearson further claimed Mack pledged to support NAL’s license application, leading to a House Subcommittee probe into FCC practices.

During testimony, FCC chairman John C. Doerfer revealed that an airline had financed a 1956 golf trip for the chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). Bernard Schwartz, former subcommittee counsel who had been dismissed after accusing officials of whitewashing White House misconduct that ultimately jeopardized WPST-TV’s license, testified under oath corroborating Pearson’s charges against Mack and Whiteside, describing Whiteside as a "fixer." Additionally, a 1951 letter from Mack endorsing Katzentine as a prominent Miami business figure further undermined Mack’s credibility.

Whiteside testified about his business connections to WPST-TV and WCKT through an insurance company and admitted providing personal loans totaling $2,650 to Mack after his FCC appointment but denied exerting pressure regarding the license decision. The House subcommittee found improper ex parte communications between FCC officials and license applicants in nearly every major television station case it examined.

Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon urged President Eisenhower to request Mack’s resignation and called for an inquiry into Doerfer’s conduct. On February 21, Eisenhower’s aide Sherman Adams informed Mack that his role within the administration was no longer viable, hastening his departure. Subsequently, NAL faced setbacks: the CAB reversed its recommendations favoring National for new routes between St. Louis–Florida and Chicago–Florida, awarding them instead to Trans World Airlines and Northwest Airlines. When questioned about any connection between this reversal and the channel 10 license controversy, Baker replied ambiguously, "Who can tell?"

A broadcast license under review

During the controversy surrounding channel 10, the Federal Communications Commission designated retired Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice Horace Stern to oversee a rehearing of the WPST-TV license case. This marked the inaugural appointment of an examiner from outside the commission’s internal team. Despite some initial objections regarding Stern’s affiliations with WPEN’s proprietor, FCC Chairman John C. Doerfer officially swore him in on June 23, 1958. Key witnesses summoned included prominent individuals such as Mack, Whiteside, George T. Baker, A. Frank Katzentine, former Miami mayor Perrine Palmer Jr., and executives from Florida Power & Light who were connected to related licensing disputes. Eastern Air Lines also took part, opposing Pan Am’s intended purchase of National Broadcasting Company (NAL) due to concerns over potential conflicts of interest and FCC regulations limiting airline ownership in public service ventures.

Stern’s responsibilities encompassed determining whether Mack should recuse himself, uncovering any improper attempts to influence commissioners, assessing the legitimacy of the license, and verifying applicants’ qualifications. Initial testimonies exposed Katzentine’s attempts to influence Mack’s vote through meetings and phone calls involving political figures such as Senator George Smathers and lobbyists including Whiteside and Ben Fuqua. Fuqua testified about lobbying efforts encouraged by Senator Estes Kefauver aimed at swaying Mack’s decision based on political connections. Whiteside revealed that he had extended multiple personal loans to Mack totaling $10,900, most of which had been repaid by 1958; two days following this testimony, both men were indicted on charges including influence peddling, fraud, and conspiracy linked to the awarding of the channel 10 license.

Judge Stern underscored that lobbying efforts explicitly targeted securing Mack’s vote for WKAT despite denials, emphasizing Mack's awareness of these solicitations. The cross-examination phase intensified focus on political involvement; George T. Baker accused Senator Smathers of dishonesty during congressional testimony while denying knowledge of Whiteside’s impact on Mack. Former FCC Commissioner Robert F. Jones testified about lobbying by North Dade Video aimed at preventing airline ownership of the station, which resulted in Commissioner T.A.M. Craven recusing himself from voting.

The U.S. Attorney General urged Stern to revoke the WPST-TV license and disqualify leading applicants due to prior attempts at undue influence. FCC Associate General Counsel Edgar W. Holtz agreed, describing the original license award as "improperly made" and suggesting a ruling that would establish ethical guidelines.

On December 1, 1958, Stern issued a decision to annul the license, citing direct lobbying influences on Mack and possible extortion linked to personal loans from Whiteside. While condemning NAL, Katzentine, and North Dade Video for unethical behavior, Stern stopped short of disqualifying them or addressing other contenders such as L. B. Wilson, Inc., which largely avoided scrutiny. Despite media predictions forecasting NAL’s loss of channel 10, most WPST-TV employees remained optimistic about the station’s prospects; Baker declined to comment while WPST-TV’s legal counsel vowed to challenge Stern’s ruling through litigation.

Simultaneously, the Miami Church of Religious Science announced plans to finance a fresh application for channel 10 following the turmoil surrounding ownership possibilities.

The FCC's decision

Following the rejection of a defense motion to relocate the trial from Washington to Miami and a request to delay proceedings, federal judge F. Dickinson Letts scheduled the Mack–Whiteside trial to commence on April 7. To prevent excessive media attention, the FCC postponed any further hearings regarding the WPST-TV license until after the trial's conclusion.

The trial, which lasted 14 weeks, encountered difficulties during jury selection, as more than half of the 73 potential jurors had prior knowledge of the case. Significant testimonies featured Senator Kefauver’s lobbying activities and Whiteside’s approval of a $1,500 loan to Mack. Defense witnesses completed their statements by late June, with the total court record extending to 6,700 pages. Television Digest criticized the trial for its sluggish progress and absence of fresh revelations.

On July 10, judge Burnita Shelton Matthews declared a mistrial due to a deadlocked jury, with one juror refusing to deliver a guilty verdict. Whiteside’s counsel commended this juror’s resolve. The financial burden of the trial significantly affected Whiteside, while Katzentine passed away in March 1960. Despite ongoing legal challenges, WPST-TV maintained its broadcast operations, featuring prominent local shows such as Youth Asks Business.

Mack and Whiteside appealed the denial of their acquittal motions; however, a federal appeals court authorized a retrial. By early 1960, the U.S. Supreme Court declined further appeals. Mack’s health worsened due to alcoholism and mental impairment, resulting in court-mandated psychiatric care; his wife filed for divorce citing neglect and excessive drinking. Charges against Mack were eventually dropped, allowing Whiteside to face a separate retrial where he was acquitted by October.

On June 1, 1960, the FCC conducted final arguments advocating for license revocation and disqualification of WKAT and North Dade Video due to improper influence attempts. The July 14 decision revoked WPST-TV’s license and awarded it to L. B. Wilson, Inc., granting only a limited four-month license to provide other contenders an opportunity. The FCC extended beyond earlier recommendations by disqualifying North Dade Video for engaging in ex parte influence efforts. Public Service Television was caught unprepared; its leadership refrained from immediate comment as the news emerged.

Racing against time

In response to the ruling, executives at L. B. Wilson, Inc. began preparations to launch a new station within two months. President Charles Topmiller engaged local civic leaders, committed to employing many former WPST-TV staff members, and announced that the new station would be named WLBW-TV, honoring Wilson.[26] On August 4, WPST-TV terminated 19 of its 89 employees and significantly reduced local programming—including canceling Good Morning—shifting broadcast start times from 7:30 a.m. to 10:30 a.m.; a company spokesperson denied any connection between these changes and the licensing dispute or any loss in advertising revenue.[27] Miami News editor Kristine Dunn observed WPST-TV’s "weak" ratings despite ABC’s national growth and its inability to rival WTVJ’s Ralph Renick in local news coverage.[28]

Two weeks after the ruling, WPST-TV had yet to reach an agreement with WLBW-TV regarding asset transfer—a situation described as a "shadow box" or "cat-and-mouse game." Topmiller had not approached George T. Baker about purchasing equipment; industry observers anticipated Baker would decline and pursue an appeal.[29] On August 12, Baker filed an appeal and requested a stay with the FCC.[30] Concerns emerged over ABC’s sports coverage continuity given WPST-TV’s existing contract; however, ABC expected no disruption.[31] With a September 15 launch date approaching, WLBW-TV leased premises formerly occupied by Soundac animation studio after rejecting Baker’s costly offer.[32] WLBW-TV opposed Baker’s stay request, accusing him of valuing the studio at $6 million—five times its book value.Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name Joe Bryant of the Fort Lauderdale News criticized the FCC for imposing an accelerated timeline that forced WLBW-TV into expensive expenditures.[33]

The FCC postponed the transition until October 1 but denied stay requests for both WPST-TV[34] and Boston's WHDH-TV,Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name stations whose licenses had been revoked but were allowed temporary operation pending appeals. The FCC delayed enforcement until fifteen days after court decisions.[35] Meanwhile, WLBW-TV recruited several former WPST-TV personnel including newscaster Jack Gregson, engineer Bill Latham, announcer Bill Wyler,[36] and production manager George Booker.[37] By November 1960, WLBW-TV began nightly test pattern broadcasts at 2:00 a.m.—during WPST-TV's off-air hours—but otherwise maintained minimal operations while incurring weekly costs of $8,000 without regular programming.[38][39] WPST-TV’s attorneys contended that the license revocation was "fundamentally illegal."[40] Amid these developments, Thurman A. Whiteside took his own life in May 1961 despite publicly minimizing his legal difficulties.[41]

In July 1961, the appeals court upheld the FCC's decision; Judge E. Barrett Prettyman strongly condemned corrupt interference in adjudicatory processes:Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name

Baker and WPST-TV petitioned for U.S. Supreme Court review; certiorari was denied on October 9 along with WLBW-TV’s claim for compensation related to delays.[42] With all legal remedies exhausted, the FCC scheduled the transition for 3:00 a.m. on November 20, 1961,[43] marking history as the first revocation of a U.S. television broadcast license.[38]

Topmiller expressed relief as WLBW-TV had hired up to seventy employees and secured affiliation with ABC.[42] WPST-TV general manager Walter Koessler assured that its remaining seventy-seven employees would remain through the transition; WLBW-TV had already onboarded twenty-one staff members.[44] One departing employee remarked that working at a television station provided little preparation for other industries.[45] Molly Turner was appointed public service director and host of a daily local variety program modeled after Ruth Lyons' 50/50 Club.[46] Bill Bayer relocated his Sunday panel discussion show to WLBW-TV under the title Miami Press Conference.[47] Bill Wyler revived his Saturday teenage dance program,[45] while Virginia Booker assumed duties as lead weather forecaster.[46] Additional WPST-TV staff including news editors and cameramen transitioned to WLBW-TV.[48] The new station also attracted external talent such as radio personality Larry King for late-night talk shows.[49]

Shutdown and disposal

WPST-TV's concluding transmission occurred on November 19, 1961, featuring a farewell editorial delivered by George T. Baker at 7:00 p.m., which was subsequently rebroadcast at midnight before the station's closedown. The following day, Miami newspapers published Baker's statement, which categorically rejected any allegations of misconduct by the station or its management, encouraged vigorous competition for the channel 10 license, and expressed optimism about returning to Miami television with high-quality content.[50] At 7:15 a.m. the next morning, WLBW-TV commenced broadcasts on channel 10, placing advertisements in local publications underscoring their dedication to viewers.[51] Jack E. Anderson of the Herald observed that WPST-TV’s legal challenges did not diminish its record of responsible programming.[52]

Although WPST-TV had ceased operations, the "WPST Television Channel 10" sign outside the former studios remained illuminated each night, reportedly at Baker’s instruction. Former station manager Walter Koessler interpreted this as a symbol of Baker’s intention to re-enter broadcasting.[53] While Baker initially intended to reapply for the channel 10 license and maintain control of studio assets,[44] a report dated November 20 revealed that movable equipment was sold to WIBC-TV (channel 13) in Indianapolis, which was also involved in an FCC license transfer dispute.[54] The Indianapolis matter ultimately concluded differently when Crosley Broadcasting sold another station to WIBC's owners in June 1962.[55]

The shutdown of WPST-TV coincided with Baker’s gradual withdrawal from his company. He resigned as president of NAL on November 4, 1961, transferring leadership to his nephew Robert E. Wieland.[56] In April 1962, Lewis B. Maytag acquired majority ownership of NAL and succeeded Baker as chairman.[57] Subsequent rumors connected Baker with a financial advisory position at Riddle Airlines,[58] and in May 1963 he initiated legal action against Maytag for breach of stock sale agreements.[59] That same month, Baker sold the WPST-TV studio property after keeping the marquee lit for approximately eighteen months following closure.[60]

In 1964, Storer Broadcasting repurchased the transmitter site to enhance WGBS-FM.[61] Although initial plans called for reactivating channel 23 from this location,[62] Storer eventually sold the permit and leased land to Coastal Broadcasting Systems,[63] which relaunched channel 23 as WAJA-TV on November 14, 1967.[64]

Aftermath

WLBW-TV operated under short-term authority granted by the FCC, enabling permanent channel 10 license applications soon thereafter. Public Service Television submitted an application in May 1962 citing its broadcast history; however, the FCC rejected it as "unacceptable for filing" in July. Wilson and three additional applicants also filed; after hearings favored one challenger, the incumbent received commission approval in 1964. In contrast to WPST-TV’s experience, following WCKT's license revocation and Sunbeam Television’s interim authority, Biscayne Television sold WCKT’s assets to Sunbeam. Sunbeam then launched its version of WCKT on December 19, 1962, retaining all personnel. The permanent license stirred controversy due to allegations of FCC favoritism linked to Sol Taishoff—publisher of Broadcasting magazine and part-owner of WLBW-TV—who maintained close relationships with commissioners and was a beneficiary under L. B. Wilson’s will. WLBW-TV was sold to Post-Newsweek Stations in 1969 and renamed WPLG in 1970. Despite discontinuity in licensing and limited ties beyond ABC affiliation, WPLG claims the National Airlines station’s legacy.

George T. Baker passed away in Vienna on November 4, 1963, aged 62; his obituary described him as "the last of the one-man airlines." Just twenty-two days later, Richard A. Mack was discovered deceased in Miami; having faced financial difficulties after release from psychiatric care earlier that year, his death—attributed to natural causes—closed a tragic chapter involving key individuals tied to the WPST license controversy: Thurman A. Whiteside, Frank A. Katzentine, George T. Baker, and Mack himself. Mack was interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

See also

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam520412
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19520414p27
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19520412p21
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19550331p12
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19520629p12
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19530115p12
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19530323p25
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19541029p12
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19530409p8
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19530902p12
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19530422p32
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19531029p44
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19531126p8
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19540123p26
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fort541118
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named seventh
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19540130p4
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19540730p36
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19531104p1
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19540724p4
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19540731p23
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19540708p8
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19540731p2
  24. ↑ See references above.
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19550331p122
  26. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19600715p19
  27. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19600805p29
  28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19600715p13
  29. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19600726p18
  30. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named PalmBe19600813p 2
  31. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19600809p11
  32. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19600821p14
  33. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FortLa19600807p 74
  34. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19600909p13
  35. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FortLa19600921p 9
  36. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FortLa19600915p 73
  37. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FortLa19601021p 47
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  39. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BC601219
  40. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FortLa19610323p 24
  41. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19610520p1
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19611009p19
  43. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19611019p31
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19611019p56
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19611011p19
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19611029p158
  47. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19611024p22
  48. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19611107p22
  49. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FortLa19611117p45
  50. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam611120a
  51. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19611120p32
  52. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam611118
  53. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19611130p36
  54. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam611120b
  55. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Indi620613
  56. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19611104p5
  57. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NewsPr19621129p 11
  58. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiH19620916p37
  59. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MiamiN19640526p17
  60. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam630503
  61. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam640826
  62. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fort660324
  63. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam670527
  64. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Miam671114
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