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Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master

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Alenia Aermacchi
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAerospace, Defense
Founded1913 in Italy
FateMerged into Leonardo-Finmeccanica in 2016
SuccessorLeonardo S.p.A.
Headquarters
Venegono Superiore
,
Italy
Area served
Global
ProductsMilitary aircraft, including M-346 Master
OwnerLeonardo S.p.A.
ParentLeonardo S.p.A.
Websitewww.leonardocompany.com/en/home


Template:Infobox aircraft

The Aermacchi M-346 Master represents a series of advanced military twin-engine transonic jet trainers and light attack aircraft. Initially developed jointly with Yakovlev under the designation Yak/AEM-130, the collaboration ended in 2000, after which Alenia Aermacchi independently advanced the M-346 Master project, while Yakovlev continued developing the Yakovlev Yak-130. The M-346 completed its maiden flight in 2004. Today, it serves in the air forces of Italy, Israel, Singapore, Greece, Qatar, Turkmenistan, and Poland. Since 2016, following the merger of Alenia Aermacchi into Finmeccanica, the manufacturer has been known as Leonardo-Finmeccanica, rebranded as Leonardo in 2017.

Background

In 1992, Aermacchi entered into a partnership with Yakovlev to provide both financial resources and technical expertise for a new trainer aircraft Yakovlev had been developing since 1991 for the Russian Air Force. This project competed against the Mikoyan MiG-AT. Under this agreement, Aermacchi also obtained rights to adapt and market the aircraft for Western customers. The joint aircraft first flew in 1996 and was introduced to Italy in 1997 as a replacement for the aging MB-339, marketed at that time as the Yak/AEM-130. In February 1996, Russia committed initial funding and agreed to acquire up to 200 units for its air force.

File:Yakovlev Yak-130D, Yakovlev Design Bureau AN1287058.jpg
Yak/AEM-130 prototype landing at M. R. Štefánik Airport in 1999

By October 1998, reports indicated that the program was increasingly driven by Italian leadership due to Russia's reduced financial contributions. By mid-2000, ownership of the development program was divided with Aermacchi holding 50%, and Yakovlev alongside Sokol each owning 25%. In mid-2000, divergent priorities between partners and insufficient Russian funding led to the dissolution of the joint venture. Consequently, both companies pursued independent development paths: Yakovlev retained rights to market the Yak-130 within countries such as those in the Commonwealth of Independent States, India, Slovakia, and Algeria; meanwhile, Aermacchi focused on selling the M-346 to NATO members and other markets. As part of this separation, Yakovlev received US$77 million through a partial write-off of Soviet/Russian debt owed to Italy and secured legal access to certain technical documentation.

The M-346 is extensively redesigned from its joint venture predecessor, incorporating exclusively Western systems—for instance, its digital flight control system was developed through a partnership between Teleavio, Marconi Italiana, and BAE Systems. In July 2000, Aermacchi chose the Honeywell F124 turbofan engine instead of the initially planned Lotarev DV-2S. In 2004, CAE was awarded a contract to develop a full-mission simulator for the M-346; since then, additional contracts have been granted for further simulator production.

Into flight

The initial M-346 prototype was unveiled on 7 June 2003, with ground evaluations beginning soon after. The aircraft took to the skies for its inaugural flight on 15 July 2004.

In January 2005, the Greek Ministry of Defence entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to join the programme as a partner, which was followed by an industrial collaboration agreement between Aermacchi and Hellenic Aerospace Industry in 2006. Subsequently, in March 2008, Chilean company ENAER formalized a Memorandum of Understanding with Alenia Aermacchi during the FIDAE air show.

File:Aermacchi M-346-002(w).jpg
M-346 prototype 002 showcased at the 2005 Le Bourget airshow

On 10 April 2008, the first Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP-00) model—featuring the finalized design including updated landing gear, an improved air brake system, and increased composite material usage—was presented. Later that year, on 18 December 2008, Aermacchi announced that the M-346 had reached a top speed of Mach 1.15 (1,255 km/h, 678 knots, 780 mph), marking the first time in five decades that a fully Italian-built aircraft had surpassed the sound barrier.

In May 2008, Boeing entered into a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on marketing, sales, training, and support efforts for two Aermacchi trainer models: the M-346 and the M-311.

On 20 June 2011, Alenia Aermacchi received Military Type Certification for the M-346 Master from the General Directorate for Aeronautical Armaments within Italy’s Ministry of Defence in Rome. During the certification phase, the development aircraft completed 180 test flights out of a total of 200 conducted over five months, successfully accomplishing more than 3,300 test points.

Further development

The initial M-346 variant, designed primarily as an advanced jet trainer, is unarmed; nevertheless, by November 2015, reports indicated that Alenia Aermacchi was nearing completion of a combat-capable, dual-role version of the aircraft. Towards the end of 2017, a series of live-fire trials were conducted involving AIM-9L missiles. In 2015, the armed version known as the M-346 LCA (Light Combat Aircraft) was proposed to Poland, featuring the ability to deploy the Brimstone air-to-ground missile.

Currently in development is the armed M-346FA model, with its first pre-production unit taking flight from Venegono airfield in July 2020.

Following the formation of the unified Leonardo-Finmeccanica entity in February 2016, promotion of the Aermacchi M-346 expanded into two additional mission profiles: companion training and dissimilar air combat training. To accurately simulate the flight characteristics and handling of various adversary aircraft, the flight control system allows separate adjustments of both g-force and angle of attack. Existing operators have reportedly praised the platform’s suitability for aggressor roles. Leonardo markets the M-346 specifically for Companion Training and Adversary/Red Air missions.

In January 2021, defense ministers from Israel and Greece revealed plans for a comprehensive $1.68 billion security cooperation agreement. This deal includes the acquisition of ten M-346 jets and the establishment and management of a flight training school for the Hellenic Air Force by Elbit Systems, encompassing simulator provision, pilot instruction, and logistical support.

Design

File:Leonardo Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Prototype 001.jpg
An M-346 prototype in flight

The M-346 was developed primarily as a lead-in fighter trainer, leveraging its performance and features to prepare pilots for advanced combat aircraft. It is powered by two Honeywell F124 dry turbofan engines, selected to minimize both procurement and operational expenses. The aircraft can achieve transonic speeds without the need for an afterburner, with Alenia Aermacchi asserting that its flight capabilities rank "second only to afterburner-equipped aircraft". Throughout its development, strict adherence to "design-to-cost" and "design-to-maintain" principles helped lower acquisition and lifecycle costs; reportedly, the M-346's hourly operating expenses amount to just a tenth of those for the Eurofighter Typhoon. Beyond pilot training, the M-346 was engineered from the beginning to support additional combat roles, including close air support and air policing operations.[1]

Equipped with a quadruplex digital fly-by-wire flight control system, the M-346 combines this advanced technology with an aerodynamically optimized airframe to deliver full controllability and maneuverability at angles of attack exceeding 30°. The flight control system employs a HOTAS configuration and includes adjustable limits for angle of attack and g-forces. This flexibility enables the aircraft to replicate the flying characteristics of various fighter jets used by trainee pilots or to progressively increase training complexity, thereby enhancing instructional effectiveness. Additionally, a pilot-activated recovery system (PARS) is installed; when engaged, it automatically stabilizes the aircraft into level flight.[2]

The digital avionics suite draws inspiration from those found on cutting-edge military platforms such as the Saab JAS-39 Gripen, Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, and Eurofighter Typhoon, making it suitable for comprehensive advanced flight training while reducing reliance on operational combat jets for instruction. This system supports "downloading" flight hours from Operational Conversion Units (OCUs) to Pilot Training Units. Featuring a modular design, the avionics architecture facilitates integration of new technologies and future upgrades. The M-346’s modern glass cockpit includes three color LCD multifunction displays, dual head-up displays (front and rear cockpits), and an optional Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD). It is compatible with Night Vision Goggles and incorporates a voice command interface linked to navigation functions. Communication equipment consists of VHF/UHF radios, an IFF transponder, Mid-air Collision Avoidance System (MIDCAS), and Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS).[1]

File:Alenia Aermacchi T-346A Master MM55155 61-04 (21902696070).jpg
Head-on view of a M-346 on the ground, 2015

A standout capability of the M-346 is its Embedded Tactical Training System (ETTS), which can simulate various onboard systems such as radar, targeting pods, weapons, and electronic warfare suites. The ETTS can also interface directly with live munitions carried by the aircraft. Functioning either in standalone mode—where simulated scenarios including threats and targets are preloaded before flight—or networked mode—where real-time data is exchanged with ground control stations via datalink—the system provides realistic virtual training environments. It can generate Computer Generated Forces representing both friendly and adversary elements. Post-flight analysis is supported through data retrieval options including video recorded from the optional Helmet Mounted Display. Leonardo offers an Integrated Training System (ITS) that pairs the M-346 with Ground-Based Training Systems comprising academic instruction tools, simulators, mission planning software, training management systems, plus comprehensive logistics support as part of a complete pilot qualification curriculum.[2]

File:M-346 IAF Museum 14-04-2017a.jpg
An Israeli Air Force M-346 on display

In its multirole Fighter Attack configuration (M-346FA), the aircraft carries a multi-mode fire-control radar known as Grifo M-346 developed by Leonardo Electronics. Featuring seven external hardpoints capable of supporting payloads up to 3,000 kg while maintaining a favorable thrust-to-weight ratio, stores management information can be displayed on any multifunction cockpit screen. The standard radar cross-section measures approximately 20 square meters but can be reduced to about one square meter through an optional low-observability kit designed for this model. Defensive systems available include a Defensive-Aids Support System (DASS) composed of Radar Warning Receiver (RWR), Missile Approach Warning System (MAWS), and combined Chaff and Flare Dispensers (C&FD). Its advanced net-centric communications suite supports secure voice transmissions and Tactical Datalink interoperability with both NATO and non-NATO forces.[1][3]

The combat-capable M-346FA fulfills missions such as ground attack, homeland defense, air policing, and reconnaissance. It can be armed with a diverse array of ordnance including IRIS-T or AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, multiple types of air-to-surface missiles, anti-ship missiles, free-fall bombs, laser-guided munitions, rockets, 12.7 mm gun pods, as well as reconnaissance and electronic warfare pods. Weapon aiming integrates data from the Helmet Mounted Display alongside multifunction cockpit screens. Redundancy is built into critical systems with duplicated avionics and reconfigurable flight controls to enhance survivability in combat damage scenarios. With three external fuel tanks installed, its maximum range extends to 1,375 nautical miles; this endurance can be further increased through in-flight refueling enabled by a detachable refueling probe.[4][1]

Italian Air Force

File:M346 - RIAT 2009 (3834484695).jpg
M-346 displayed at RIAT 2009

Back in 2007, reports indicated that the Italian Air Force planned to procure an initial batch of 15 M-346 aircraft produced at a low rate.[5] On 18 June 2009, Alenia Aermacchi confirmed the receipt of an initial contract for six units, with an option to acquire nine additional aircraft.[6] The first training course utilizing the M-346 commenced in September 2015 within the Italian Air Force.[7] Subsequently, in March 2016, Finmeccanica secured a contract exceeding 300 million Euros from the Italian Ministry of Defence for nine more M-346 trainers, raising Italy's total order count to 18 aircraft.[8]

The delivery of the 18th M-346 to the Italian Air Force in February 2018 marked the completion of its acquisition program.[9] In 2019, an additional four M-346 jets were supplied to the newly established Italian Air Force and Leonardo joint International Flight Training School (IFTS) located at Galatina Air Base.[10]

On 12 September 2024, the Italian Air Force's aerobatic display team, Frecce Tricolori, introduced the M-346 as their new platform, succeeding the Aermacchi MB-339-A/PAN and featuring a fresh livery crafted by Pininfarina.[11]

Singapore Air Force

In July 2010, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) chose the M-346 to succeed the ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk aircraft in the Advanced Jet Training (AJT) role, with operations based at BA 120 Cazaux Air Base in France. On 28 September 2010, the Singaporean Ministry of Defence announced that ST Aerospace had secured the contract to procure twelve M-346 jets along with a ground-based training system for the RSAF. Under this agreement, ST Aerospace serves as the principal contractor responsible for aircraft maintenance following delivery by Alenia Aermacchi, while Boeing provides the training system. The RSAF is recognized as the inaugural export operator of this aircraft model.

Israeli Air Force

On 16 February 2012, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) chose the M-346 as part of a reciprocal agreement whereby Israel would develop a reconnaissance satellite and AWACS systems for Italy in exchange for the aircraft.[12][13][14] This jet was designated to replace the McDonnell Douglas A-4H/N Skyhawk, which had been in IAF service for more than four decades.[15][16] On 19 July 2012, Alenia Aermacchi and the Israeli Ministry of Defence formalized a contract for the procurement of 30 M-346 aircraft, with initial deliveries slated for mid-2014.[17] The IAF revealed on 2 July 2013 that the M-346 would carry the name Lavi in Israeli service, reviving the designation previously assigned to the cancelled IAI Lavi.[18] The inaugural M-346 for the Israeli Air Force was unveiled during a ceremony at Alenia Aermacchi’s manufacturing facility in Venegono Superiore on March 20, 2014.[19]

Polish Air Force

On 23 December 2013, Poland announced its decision to acquire the M-346 to fulfill its need for a modern advanced jet trainer. A procurement agreement for eight units was finalized on 27 February 2014. The initial pair of M-346 aircraft were delivered to the Dęblin base in November 2016. However, these aircraft were not immediately accepted due to failure to meet all contractual requirements. Although the original delivery deadline was set for November 2016, completion of delivery and formal acceptance was postponed until 22 December 2017.

In late 2017, the Ministry of National Defence declared its intention to impose financial sanctions against Leonardo, amounting to as much as 100 million zlotys (approximately US$28 million), citing delays. The ministry also expressed concerns that the M-346 did not fully replicate certain weapons systems necessary for training exercises. Subsequently, on 19 November 2018, Leonardo’s Aircraft Division, in collaboration with Elbit Systems, fulfilled the delivery of M-346 Full Mission Simulators and Flight Training Devices to the Polish Air Force, a milestone originally scheduled for November 2016.

In March 2018, Poland expanded its M-346 fleet by ordering an additional four aircraft along with a support package, including options for four more planes and associated support. By December 2018, Poland confirmed the acquisition of these four extra jets and initiated upgrades for the existing eight aircraft. The delivery and modernization program for the complete fleet of sixteen M-346s is projected to continue through 2022.

On 12 July 2024, an M-346 jet from the Polish Air Force Demo Team crashed during an aerial demonstration near Gdynia, resulting in the tragic loss of pilot Maj. Robert “Killer” Jeł.

Argentina

In October 2016, the Argentine Air Force assessed the M-346 as a possible replacement combat aircraft for the retired Dassault Mirage III and Mirage 5 jets, which were phased out in 2015. Additionally, the existing Douglas A-4AR fleet, still operational but with limited capabilities, was considered for replacement. Reports suggest Argentina may be interested in acquiring between ten and twelve units.

Azerbaijan

On 20 February 2020, the president of Azerbaijan revealed plans to procure an unspecified number of M-346 aircraft. The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force aims to enhance and modernize its fleet by replacing older Soviet-era jets such as the Mikoyan MiG-29, Sukhoi Su-25, and Aero L-39 Albatros. The intended purchase is estimated to range from 10 aircraft, with an option to acquire an additional 15. Although the Yak-130 was also evaluated for the training role, the M-346 was ultimately chosen despite its higher cost due to advantages in weight, agility, and engine production issues affecting the Yak-130.

Brazil

At the 2024 Farnborough International Airshow in July, Leonardo introduced the new Block 20 variant of the M-346 to Brazil as a contender in the Brazilian Air Force's search for a light attack jet to succeed the aging AMX aircraft. The presentation was attended by the Minister of Defence, José Múcio, and Air Force Commander Marcelo Kanitz Damasceno. In November 2024, during Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s visit to Brazil, she is scheduled to meet with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to discuss a potential deal involving the sale of 24 M-346 jets to the Brazilian Air Force, another six units to the Brazilian Navy, along with other related agreements.

Ireland

In July 2021, Leonardo submitted a proposal to the Irish Commission on the Defence Forces, showcasing the M-346FA as a lightweight multi-role fighter and an advanced trainer option for the Irish Air Corps. This commission is tasked with defining future capability needs for the Irish Defence Forces. Presently, the Irish Air Corps possesses minimal air combat assets, consisting of eight Pilatus PC-9M aircraft used for training and light attack roles. The M-346FA presents a more cost-effective option compared to pricier fighter jets and would mark Ireland’s return to operating combat jets since retiring its six Fouga CM.170 Magister planes in 1999. Relative to Ireland’s existing air combat resources, the M-346FA would represent a significant upgrade by incorporating capabilities such as onboard radar and air-to-air missile systems.

UAE

At the IDEX 2009 defense exhibition in Abu Dhabi, held on 25 February 2009, the M-346 was declared the winner of a procurement competition by the United Arab Emirates. The official contract entailed acquiring 48 aircraft intended for pilot training and light combat missions. A final request for proposals issued in 2010 specified a breakdown of 20 trainers, 20 combat-configured planes, and additional units designated for forming an aerobatic team. Nevertheless, by January 2010, contract negotiations reportedly encountered delays related to technical specifications. On 18 November 2011, following its exhibition at the Dubai Airshow, a prototype crashed shortly after departing Dubai en route back to Italy.

United States Air Force

File:Leonardo T-100 - Farnborough Airshow 2018.jpg
T-100 at Farnborough Airshow 2018

Alenia Aermacchi entered the M-346 into the United States Air Force's T-X program, aimed at replacing the aging Northrop T-38 Talon, rebranding it as the Leonardo DRS T-100 Integrated Training System. Initially, Alenia planned to act as the prime contractor and intended to relocate final assembly from Italy to the United States if successful. The anticipated order volume was approximately 350 aircraft initially, with potential total purchases exceeding 1,000 units. In January 2013, Alenia Aermacchi signed a letter of intent with General Dynamics C4 Systems, designating them as prime contractor for the bid; however, General Dynamics withdrew from the project in March 2015. On January 1, 2016, Alenia Aermacchi was merged into Leonardo S.p.A.. Subsequently, in February 2016, it was announced that Raytheon would serve as prime contractor and collaborate with Leonardo to offer an advanced M-346 variant named T-100 for the T-X competition.

On 25 January 2017, Raytheon declared its withdrawal from the T-X program as prime contractor and American partner. One major issue involved pricing: while the M-346’s flyaway cost was about $25 million per unit at that time, Raytheon sought a price reduction of roughly 30% from Leonardo. Following this development, on 8 February 2017 Leonardo confirmed it would continue competing independently with its American subsidiary Leonardo DRS acting as prime contractor. Ultimately, in September 2017, the contract was awarded to Boeing’s rival submission, the Boeing T-7 Red Hawk.

On August 22, 2025, a “Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for Flight Training of USAF Military Personnel in Italy” agreement was signed between the Italian Air Force and the United States Air Force. This historic arrangement will allow U.S. student pilots to train abroad at a NATO partner facility for the first time—specifically at Italy’s International Flight Training School (IFTS) utilizing the M-346 platform. The inaugural course comprising ten USAF pilots was scheduled to commence on September 8, 2025, with completion expected by June 2026, culminating in awarding USAF military wings to graduates.

United States Navy

Leonardo, in partnership with Textron Aviation Defense as the lead contractor, is presenting the M-346 as a candidate for the United States Navy's Undergraduate Jet Training System (UJTS) program, aiming to replace the longstanding McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk. On July 28, 2025, Textron revealed its plan to offer a domestically produced variant of the Italian light jet, designated as the Beechcraft M-346N. This proposal has been tailored to meet the Navy's updated specifications by focusing exclusively on Field Carrier Landing Practice (FCLP) approaches that result in wave-offs. Consequently, this eliminates the necessity for a tailhook, catapult launch bar, or significant structural modifications required for arrested carrier landings. This approach corresponds with the fifth U.S. Navy Request for Information (RFI) issued on March 31, 2025.

Eurotraining

The Advance European Pilot Training (AEPTJ) initiative—commonly referred to as Eurotraining—is a coalition of twelve European countries collaborating to deliver advanced and lead-in fighter pilot instruction through a unified core curriculum and shared aircraft platform. In 2010, this consortium reached out to Alenia Aermacchi via the European Defence Agency seeking additional details about the M-346. By May 2013, Alenia Aermacchi indicated that AEPTJ was a low-priority project for the company and noted that progress had been gradual.

Variants

File:CSX55152-AermacchiM346-Italy-Farnborough2016-A1596.jpg
M-346FT multirole model showcased in 2016
File:Leonardo, M-346FA (35640670416).jpg
M-346FA multirole version displayed in 2017
M-346
Basic model designation.
T-346A
Italian armed forces designation assigned in 2012 for the M-346.
M-346LCA (Light Combat Aircraft)
Armed version proposed to Poland as a successor to their aging Su-22 fleet. This designation is no longer active.
M-346FT (Fighter Trainer)
A multirole configuration capable of transitioning between training and combat roles. It features an upgraded tactical datalink system and enhanced weapon compatibility without altering the airframe structure.
M-346FA (Fighter Attack)
This multirole aircraft supports both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions with a maximum payload of three tonnes distributed across seven hardpoints. Equipped with an advanced Grifo-M346 radar system, it incorporates countermeasure systems and stealth enhancements such as engine intake grids and radar-absorbent coatings on canopy and wing leading edges. Marketed as a light attack platform suitable also for aggressor and companion training roles, it was introduced during a static exhibit at the 2017 Paris Air Show. The model targets export markets in South America and East Asia, offering operational capabilities at substantially reduced costs compared to frontline fighters.
T-100
Designation assigned within the United States Air Force's T-X program.
M-346N ITS
Proposed carrier-capable advanced jet trainer tailored for the U.S. Navy's Undergraduate Jet Training System competition to succeed the T-45 Goshawk. "ITS" denotes "Integrated Training System." Leonardo collaborates with Textron Aviation on this bid, competing against Lockheed Martin–KAI’s TF-50N and a naval variant of Boeing–Saab's T-7 Red Hawk.
M-346FGA (Fighter Ground Attack)
Multirole variant adopted by the Nigerian Air Force.

Operators

File:M-346 Master and Yak-130 operators mod.png
Countries operating the M-346 (highlighted in blue)

Training Aircraft

File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece (10 units operational)
The Hellenic Air Force currently employs ten M-346 Block 5+ "Silver Hawks".[20] The initial pair arrived in May 2023, with the full complement expected by September 2025.[21][22][23]
Template:Country data Israel (30 units)
The Israeli Air Force operates 30 M-346 trainers, designated locally as M-346i "Lavi". These were ordered in 2012 and deliveries commenced in 2014.[24][25]
This procurement was part of a broader collaboration whereby Italy acquired three Israeli Gulfstream E-550A CAEW AEW&C aircraft and reconnaissance satellites developed by Israel Aerospace Industries.[13]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy (22 delivered, 20 pending)
Italy fields a total of 42 T-346 trainers across two categories:
  • Italian Air Force – operates 18 T-346A units, with deliveries completed by February 2018;[9] An additional 20 are on order to be received by 2024 (15 allocated for PAN - Pattuglia Acrobatica Nazionale "Frecce Tricolori" and five for IFTS)[26]
  • International Flight Training School (a joint initiative by the Italian Air Force and Leonardo) – four units delivered as of May 2020.
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland (16 delivered, one lost)
The Polish Air Force operates sixteen M-346 aircraft, named "Bielik", stationed at the 41st Training Air Base in Dęblin.[27][28][29][30]
  • An initial batch of eight was ordered in 2014 with an option for four more,[31] delivered between November 2016 and October 2017.[32]
  • Four more were contracted in March 2018 with an option for an additional four, arriving between October and November 2020.[32]
  • Another four were ordered in February 2021,[32] with deliveries finalized in December 2022.[33]
Among the sixteen delivered aircraft, one was lost in a crash during 2024.[34]
Template:QAT (6 units)
The Qatar Emiri Air Force operates six M-346 trainers under an agreement signed in 2010 involving Leonardo and the Italian Air Force. These aircraft are utilized at the International Flight Training School for Phase 4 pilot training.[35]
  • Three units had been delivered by January 2022,[36]
  • Full delivery was completed by 2024.[37]
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore (12 units)
The Republic of Singapore Air Force maintains twelve M-346 trainers stationed at Cazaux Air Base, France, as part of the Advanced Jet Trainer Programme.[38][39] The procurement occurred in September 2010 with deliveries spanning from 2013 to 2014.[40]
Template:Country data Turkmenistan (6 units)
The Turkmen Air Force placed an order comprising four M-346 FA and two M-346DR/FT variants.[20][41]

Orders

File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria (12 confirmed, 12 optional)
The Austrian Air Force has placed an order for twelve M-346FA aircraft. Deliveries are planned in two groups of six units each, with additional options available for two more batches of six aircraft apiece. According to a preliminary announcement from the Italian Ministry of Defense, the procurement will include armaments such as the 20mm Nexter gun pod, LAU32 rocket launchers, SPEAR AECM electronic warfare pods by Elbit Systems, Full Mission Simulators, and integration of Link 16 communication systems along with the air-to-air IRIS-T missile.[42]
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria (24 ordered)
In 2021, the Nigerian Air Force placed an order for twelve M-346FA jets, with an option for an additional twelve. The contract was valued at approximately $1.2 billion for a total of twenty-four aircraft. Confirmation in October 2024 reaffirmed the order quantity at twenty-four units, with deliveries scheduled to commence in early 2025.

Potential operators

Template:Country data Azerbaijan
The Azerbaijani Air Force signed a letter of intent in February 2020 to acquire 15 M-346 aircraft.
Template:Country data Brazil
The Brazilian Air Force is considering replacing its AMX A-1M Ghibli fleet with 24 M-346s, while the Brazilian Navy may receive six additional aircraft.
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
The M-346 FA has been shortlisted ahead of the KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle for potential acquisition by the Colombian Air Force. However, final procurement remains uncertain as Colombia also evaluates fighters with air superiority capabilities.
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
The M-346 Block 20 is rumored to be a candidate to succeed the aging Kawasaki T-4. Several Japanese fighter pilots have already trained on the M-346 through the International Flight Training School.
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Spain is exploring options to replace its fleet of Northrop F-5BM aircraft. Despite signing a cooperation memorandum in December 2024 for the TAI Hürjet, Leonardo continues efforts to market the M-346 to the Spanish Air and Space Force. A 2020 study by the University Center for Defense (CUD) in San Javier, Murcia, identified this aircraft as the optimal choice after evaluating alternatives such as the KAI T-50 and Yak-130, employing the Fuzzy Reference Ideal Method for ranking advanced military trainers.
Template:Country data Tunisia
On July 31, 2025, Leonardo representatives proposed the M-346 as a replacement option for Tunisia’s existing Aero L-59 Super Albatros aircraft.
Template:Country data United States Navy
Leonardo and Textron have jointly offered the M-346N variant as a potential successor to the McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk within the U.S. Navy Undergraduate Jet Training System.
Template:Country data Uruguay
As part of modernization initiatives within the Fuerza Aérea Uruguaya, Uruguay has expressed interest in acquiring at least six radar-equipped jets to replace its current Cessna A-37 fleet. According to internal sources, the M-346 is preferred over the Hongdu L-15.

Accidents and incidents

  • On 11 May 2013, an M-346 operated by Alenia crashed in the vicinity of the village of Piana Crixia, located in Val Bormida between the Cuneo and Savona provinces in Italy, during a test flight. The pilot successfully ejected and survived; however, he sustained serious injuries after his parachute became caught in a tree, and he fell from it.[43] Following this event, the aircraft model was grounded for over three months while investigations into the cause of the accident were conducted.[44]
  • On 12 July 2024, a Polish Air Force M-346 Bielik crashed near Gdynia. The pilot tragically lost his life in the incident.[45][46]

Specifications (M-346)

Orthographic view of the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master
Orthographic view of the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master
File:AERMACCHI 346.webm
Video showing an M-346 flying, 2011
File:Aermacchi M-346.JPG
An M-346 displayed at "Giornata Azzurra" 2006, Pratica di Mare Air Base, Italy

Template:Aircraft specs

See also

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AlenAer M-346 broch
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named alenia 2014
  3. ↑ Brochure Leonardo M-346FA
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sing16 AON
  5. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
  6. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
  7. ↑ Kington, Tom. "Italy Launches M-346 Training With Eye on T-X Bid." Defense News, 12 September 2015.
  8. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ↑ Israel delivers advanced G-550 aircraft to Italy 19 Dec, 2016, Globes correspondent
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Final plane in billion-dollar deal with Italy lands in Israel BY ILAN BEN ZION July 21, 2016, Times of Israel
  14. ↑ Israel to buy Italy's M-346 jet trainer for $1b Archived February 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine 16/02/2012, 16:45
  15. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  18. ↑ Egozi, Arie. "Israel's Lavi reborn as renamed M-346." Flight International, 2 July 2013.
  19. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named auto3
  21. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  22. ↑ https://www.haf.gr/en/equipment/m-346-block-5/ Template:Bare URL inline
  23. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  24. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  25. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  26. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  27. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  28. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  29. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  30. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  31. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  33. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  34. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  35. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  36. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  37. ↑ https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=98881 Template:Bare URL inline
  38. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  39. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  40. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  41. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  42. ↑ https://www.difesa.it/assets/allegati/63000/dac0000047del05052025.pdf
  43. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named auto
  44. ↑ Pocock, Chris. "M346 Jet Trainer Still Grounded After Second Crash." AIN Online, 9 August 2014.
  45. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  46. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named auto1

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