Holden Equinox

Chevrolet Equinox

Company type	Automobile model
Industry	Automotive
Founded	2004
Headquarters	Ingersoll, Ontario , Canada
Products	Compact crossover SUV

First generation (2005)

The Chevrolet Equinox made its first appearance in 2004 as a 2005 model, followed by its mechanical counterpart, the Pontiac Torrent, which arrived in 2005 for the 2006 model year. One of its distinctive features was the "Multi-Flex" sliding rear bench seat.

Constructed on GM’s Theta platform, the Equinox shares many components with the Saturn Vue and Suzuki XL7 but benefits from a longer wheelbase measuring . It comes standard with front-wheel drive, while all-wheel drive is available as an option. Unlike truck-based SUVs such as the Chevrolet Tahoe, this vehicle was not engineered for off-road capabilities.

In 2006, several updates were introduced: GM logos were added to the front doors, dashboard panels switched from grey to black, cloth seats gained heating functionality, rear headrests were reduced in size to enhance rearward visibility, and exterior trim on LS and LT trims was refreshed.

The 2007 model year brought interior and mechanical refinements including a redesigned instrument cluster equipped with a trip computer, altered gear ratios in the five-speed transmission aimed at better fuel efficiency, rear vented disc brakes replacing drum brakes, and an increased fuel tank capacity of 20.5 US gallons for front-wheel drive models or 16.6 US gallons for all-wheel drive versions.

Manufacturing was carried out solely at GM’s CAMI Automotive facility located in Ingersoll, Ontario. The original 3.4 L LNJ V6 engine was imported from China through Shanghai GM, while the Aisin AF33 transmission was produced in Japan. Beginning in 2008, the Equinox Sport and Torrent GXP models featured a domestically produced 3.6-liter DOHC V6 engine.

Production ended in May 2009. Notably, the Equinox was not sold in Mexico during the 2009 model year.

Pontiac Torrent

Sharing its fundamental platform and mechanical setup with the Equinox, the Pontiac Torrent distinguished itself through unique front and rear styling elements.

Following Pontiac’s discontinuation after the 2009 model year, production of the Torrent concluded on September 2, 2009. Although GM initially planned to replace it with a Buick Theta-based crossover SUV, the company ultimately introduced the GMC Terrain, which also utilizes the Theta architecture common to the second-generation Equinox.

Engines

Years	Engine	Power	Torque
2005–2009	3.4 L LNJ V6	185 hp (138 kW; 188 PS)	210 lb⋅ft (285 N⋅m; 29 kg⋅m)
2008–2009	3.6 L LY7 V6	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS)	250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m; 35 kg⋅m)

Sport trims

For the 2008 and 2009 model years, sport-oriented versions of both the Equinox and Torrent—the Sport and GXP respectively—were introduced. These variants featured a more powerful 3.6-liter LY7 DOHC V6 engine paired with a six-speed automatic transmission that included manual shift capability. This powertrain increased output by approximately 40% to , enabling acceleration from standstill to in under seven seconds.

These sport trims incorporated a lowered suspension setup tuned for performance, distinctive front and rear body styling enhancements, 18-inch chrome wheels, and omitted roof racks to improve aesthetics. The GXP further distinguished itself with dual hood scoops, hydraulic power steering replacing standard electric assistance, upgraded interior finishes with specialized instrumentation, and dual chrome exhaust outlets.

Optional equipment packages included navigation systems, heated leather sport seats, DVD entertainment units, sunroofs, and all-wheel drive configurations. General Motors positioned the Equinox Sport under its refined branding strategy while aggressively marketing the Pontiac Torrent GXP by emphasizing its horsepower superiority over competitors like the BMW X3—casting Pontiac as an accessible alternative to luxury brands such as BMW.

Equinox LTZ

Debuting in 2008, the Equinox LTZ model is equipped with 17-inch aluminum wheels featuring chrome cladding, chrome-accented door handles, and side rail inserts on the luggage rack. Interior enhancements standard to this trim include heated front seats with leather accents, head curtain airbags designed for side impacts, and an AM/FM stereo system outfitted with a six-disc in-dash CD changer capable of MP3 playback. Additionally, it comes with a premium seven-speaker audio setup from Pioneer. The LTZ maintains the same suspension and handling characteristics found in the LS and LT variants.

Olympic-themed special editions

In 2008, Chevrolet and Pontiac introduced special editions inspired by the Olympics—the Equinox Team Canada Edition and the Torrent Podium Edition—to honor the Vancouver 2010 Winter Games. Available exclusively in Canada, these editions featured chrome-clad wheels, sunroofs, upgraded audio systems, and distinctive badging.

Second generation (2010)

Revealed in December 2008 and showcased at the 2009 North American International Auto Show, the second-generation Equinox entered the market in June 2009. Constructed on an enhanced GM Theta platform, it incorporated advanced gasoline direct injection engines aimed at improving fuel efficiency. Early versions displayed GM badges on the front doors, which were later discontinued. Key highlights include a Multi-Flex sliding rear bench seat and an optional power liftgate with adjustable height; laminated glass for front doors became a standard feature.

This generation resumed availability in Mexico toward the end of 2009 as a 2010 model but was withdrawn after 2011; it made a comeback in 2015, replacing the Captiva Sport for the 2016 model year.

The base engine is a 2.4-liter Ecotec inline-four produced at facilities in Tonawanda, New York, and Spring Hill, Tennessee. An optional 3.0-liter V6 engine was offered on LT and LTZ trims. Four-cylinder variants include an "eco" mode button to enhance fuel economy and utilize electric power steering, whereas V6 models feature hydraulic power steering. Both engines are mated to a six-speed automatic transmission with all-wheel drive available as an option; front-wheel drive remains standard.

Manufacturing took place at CAMI Automotive in Ingersoll and Oshawa plants located in Ontario, as well as at Spring Hill in Tennessee. The Oshawa plant produced only front-wheel-drive four-cylinder models; Spring Hill assembled four-cylinder versions from 2013 through 2015.

2011

The 3.0-liter V6 engine gained flex-fuel compatibility. A compass integrated into the Driver Information Center became standard across all trims. LT models received Bluetooth connectivity and USB ports as standard equipment. Heated cloth front seats were added as standard on 2LT models. The LS liftgate badge was removed from this year’s lineup.

2012

Flex-fuel capability was extended to the 2.4-liter Ecotec four-cylinder engine. Chevrolet MyLink telematics system was introduced on Equinox models during spring of 2012. Bluetooth became standard on every trim level, while a seven-inch touchscreen radio and backup camera were included as standard equipment on 1LT, 2LT, and LTZ trims. Exterior mirrors incorporated a convex section to improve blind-spot visibility. Forward collision alert and lane departure warning systems became optional features on V6-equipped LTZ models.

2013

A new direct-injected 3.6-liter V6 engine was added to LT and LTZ trims, delivering 301 horsepower and 272 lb-ft of torque—representing increases of approximately 14% in horsepower and 22% in torque over the previous 3.0-liter V6—while maintaining EPA-rated fuel efficiency. The optional FE2 suspension package introduced dual-flow dampers along with chrome-clad aluminum wheels available in either 18- or 19-inch sizes. Additional features included a dual-player DVD entertainment system, a power convenience package (featuring universal home remote and eight-way power adjustment for the passenger seat), as well as a safety package offering lane departure warning, forward collision alert, and rear park assist—available on both 2LT and LTZ trims. USB ports were made standard equipment across all models.

2014

Chrome-finished wheels were standard equipment on LTZ versions, while LT models had the option to add chrome door handles and mirror caps through the Chrome Package.

2015

OnStar equipped with 4G LTE and an integrated Wi-Fi hotspot (offering 3GB over a three-month trial) became standard on LT and LTZ trims. Navigation systems were available on LTZ and 2LT models. A new entry-level trim named L, based on the LS, was introduced exclusively for retail consumers, featuring front-wheel drive and the 2.4-liter Ecotec engine; this trim omitted rear floor mats, a digital compass, and SiriusXM radio. The flex-fuel option for the 3.6-liter V6 engine was discontinued.

2016

The initial mid-cycle update was unveiled at the 2015 Chicago Auto Show, bringing revisions to the grille, headlights, wheels, front fascia, and taillights. Interior enhancements included a redesigned gear selector, additional storage beneath the dashboard replacing the CD player slot, and removal of door lock buttons from the dashboard. The 1LT and 2LT trims were consolidated into a single LT trim. Front-wheel drive was no longer offered with V6 engines; V6 variants received updated dual chrome exhaust tips inspired by those on the GMC Terrain Denali. All trim levels now featured projector-style headlights, backup cameras, and Chevrolet MyLink's 7-inch touchscreen infotainment system. Options such as the OnStar delete, rear-seat DVD entertainment system, and 19-inch wheels were eliminated.

2017

In its final model year of this generation, the Equinox introduced two new styling packages: Midnight Edition and Sport package. Both packages included 18-inch black-painted five-spoke aluminum wheels, black Chevrolet badges, grille and rear fascia with black accents, black roof-rack crossbars, Jet Black perforated leather-appointed seats, as well as driver seat memory and power-adjustable exterior mirrors. The Midnight Edition was offered exclusively with black exterior paint, whereas the Sport package featured white paint; both were limited to models powered by the 2.4-liter Ecotec engine. The previously available 18-inch chrome-finished aluminum wheels were discontinued. Additionally, the LTZ trim was renamed Premier, and the Equinox emblem was relocated from the right side to the left side of the liftgate.

Engines

Years	Engine	Power	Torque	Availability
2010–2011	2.4 L Ecotec LAF I4	182 hp (136 kW; 185 PS)	172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m; 24 kg⋅m)	All trims
2012–2017	2.4 L Ecotec LEA I4	182 hp (136 kW; 185 PS)	172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m; 24 kg⋅m)	Available on all trims; flex-fuel optional
2010–2012	3.0 L High Feature LF1/LFW V6	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS)	222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m; 31 kg⋅m)	Optional for LT and LTZ; flex-fuel optional (2011–2012)
2013–2017	3.6 L High Feature LFX V6	301 hp (224 kW; 305 PS)	272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m; 38 kg⋅m)	Available on LT and LTZ/Premier; flex-fuel discontinued after 2014

Notes:

• Four-cylinder variants feature a single exhaust outlet at the rear; V6 versions have dual exhausts.
• Power figures are based on use of regular gasoline.

EPA fuel economy ratings

Initial EPA fuel economy ratings for the Equinox were met with skepticism as various road tests showed fuel efficiency figures that were 20-30% lower than official EPA numbers. For instance, Edmunds InsideLine recorded fuel economy significantly below EPA claims, while Car and Driver reported real-world mileage failing to match advertised ranges. Green Car Reports noted highway fuel economy as low as in "Eco" mode—approximately 20% less than EPA highway estimates. AutoWeek's average results also fell short of official ratings, leading some critics to suggest GM may have overstated numbers for marketing purposes.

On the other hand, Motorweek achieved combined fuel economy figures in mixed driving conditions that aligned more closely with EPA ratings, and LeftlaneNews.com averaged when combining city and highway driving—highlighting variability depending on test conditions.

Safety

The 2010 Equinox received the Top Safety Pick distinction from the IIHS, securing "Good" scores in tests for moderate overlap front impact, side impact, roof strength, and evaluations of head restraints and seats.

Third generation (2018)

On September 22, 2016, Chevrolet introduced the third-generation Equinox. Gasoline-powered versions arrived in early 2017, followed by diesel models later that fall. This iteration was reduced in size to enter the compact crossover SUV market, while the larger segment was taken over by the Chevrolet Blazer.

A newly developed AWD system from GKN Driveline enabled drivers to disconnect the driveshaft to minimize drag when all-wheel drive was unnecessary, replacing the former fully automatic AWD setup. Standard equipment included a start-stop feature, passive entry, active grille shutters, an electronic parking brake, second-row climate controls, and umbrella storage compartments. The infotainment system offered either a seven- or eight-inch touchscreen with standard Android Auto and Apple CarPlay compatibility.

New safety technologies introduced comprised a surround-view camera system, forward collision alert, low-speed automatic braking, a Safety Alert Seat, and standard Rear Seat Alert—previously debuted on the 2017 GMC Acadia. Rear seats could be folded down via top-mounted latches or cargo-area levers on LT trim levels and above. All variants were equipped with tempered glass on the front doors and solid disc brakes at the rear.

For the 2019 model year, infotainment enhancements introduced dual USB ports across all trims and replaced the second-row power outlet with USB charge-only sockets; higher trims received an SD card reader along with upgraded backup camera and audio systems. LT models gained a multi-color LCD instrument cluster display. Adaptive cruise control and front pedestrian braking became optional features; additionally, the Premier trim badge was restyled into separate letters.

The diesel powertrain was discontinued for 2020 due to limited consumer interest. Standard safety equipment across all models was expanded to include forward collision warning, following distance indicator, lane keep assist, lane departure warning, automatic emergency braking, and IntelliBeam automatic high beams. The rear passive entry buttons were eliminated.

In 2021, Chevrolet removed the 2.0-liter turbocharged engine option since it represented approximately seven percent of total sales. Leather upholstery became available on LT trims equipped with the Confidence and Convenience Package.

Due to weak sales performance, Equinox was withdrawn from the Mexican market in July 2021; however, production continued there to supply export destinations.

Trim levels

The third-generation Equinox is available in four distinct trims: L, LS, LT, and Premier. Every trim comes standard with a 1.5-liter turbocharged inline-four engine, while the LT and Premier trims offer optional powertrains including a 2.0-liter turbocharged inline-four and a 1.6-liter turbo-diesel. Front-wheel drive is standard across all variants, with all-wheel drive offered as an option starting from the LS trim upward.

In October 2017, the Redline Edition appearance package was introduced, initially available on the LT trim for the 2018 model year but excluding the panoramic sunroof and diesel engine options. Later, in 2020, Chevrolet launched the Midnight Edition and Sport Edition packages for LT models, both featuring blacked-out exterior accents, leather upholstery (switched to cloth in 2021), 19-inch wheels, and unique Chevrolet branding. The Midnight Edition was exclusively offered in Mosaic Black Metallic, whereas the Sport Edition provided a wider palette of colors. The Midnight trim made its debut in the Mexican market in September 2019.

Powertrain

The Equinox lineup includes up to three turbocharged inline-four engines. The gasoline engines align with those used in the 2016 Chevrolet Malibu: a 1.5-liter engine generating 170 horsepower (trading some peak horsepower for increased torque compared to the previous 2.4-liter) and a 2.0-liter unit delivering 252 horsepower (a decrease from the former 3.6-liter V6). The 2.0-liter engine was available on LT and Premier trims between 2018 and 2020 and featured dual chrome exhaust outlets, upgraded brakes, "2.0 T" badging, towing equipment, and a compact 17-inch spare tire.

A new addition was the exclusive 1.6-liter turbo-diesel producing 136 horsepower, offered solely on LT and Premier trims. The 2.0-liter engine is paired with a nine-speed automatic transmission, while the other powertrains utilize a six-speed automatic gearbox.

2022 refresh

Revealed at the 2020 Chicago Auto Show, the updated Equinox showcases a redesigned front grille seamlessly integrated with refreshed headlamps, an updated lower front fascia with redesigned fog lights, along with revamped rear tail lamps and bumper design. Inside, new cloth seats featuring a zig-zag pattern were introduced alongside standard wireless Android Auto and Apple CarPlay connectivity across all trim levels.

Trim lineup changes included adding the sport-oriented RS model alongside existing LS, LT, and Premier trims. The RS distinguishes itself through unique front and rear styling elements, black exterior accents, "Dark Android" 19-inch wheels, quad exhaust tips, black interior upholstery with red stitching, and RS badging throughout the cabin. The base L trim was discontinued, making LS the new entry-level option. Additionally, Midnight and Sport editions were phased out in favor of RS; however, the Redline package returned later exclusively on Premier instead of LT.

Due to disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the launch of this refresh was postponed until early 2021 as a 2022 model year release. For 2022, only the 1.5-liter LYX turbocharged inline-four engine was offered; the previous 2.0-liter turbocharged option was discontinued.

In 2023, the earlier 1.5-liter LYX engine was replaced by an improved LSD variant featuring increased fuel injection pressure and enhanced piston design that raised output to 175 horsepower. All models adopted electro-hydraulic braking systems during this update, while Midnight and Sport editions made their return on the LS trim.

Engines

Model year	Type/model	Power	Torque
2018–2022	1.5 L (91 cu in) LYX turbo I4	170 hp (127 kW; 172 PS) at 5,600 rpm	203 lb⋅ft (275 N⋅m; 28 kg⋅m) at 2,000–4,000 rpm
2023–2024	1.5 L (91 cu in) LSD turbo I4	175 hp (130 kW; 177 PS) at 5,600 rpm	203 lb⋅ft (275 N⋅m; 28 kg⋅m) at 2,000–4,000 rpm
2018–2020	2.0 L (122 cu in) LTG turbo I4	252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) at 5,500 rpm	260 lb⋅ft (353 N⋅m; 36 kg⋅m) at 2,500–4,500 rpm
2018–2019	1.6 L (98 cu in) LH7 turbo-diesel I4	137 hp (102 kW; 139 PS) at 3,750 rpm	240 lb⋅ft (325 N⋅m; 33 kg⋅m) at 2,000 rpm

Holden Equinox

In November 2017, Holden introduced the Holden Equinox (EQ series) to the Australian market, with deliveries commencing in December for both Australia and New Zealand. The entry-level LS and LS+ variants were equipped with a 1.5-liter turbocharged engine, whereas the LT, LTZ, and LTZ-V trims came with a more robust 2.0-liter turbocharged powertrain. A 1.6-liter turbo-diesel engine option was added in 2018. This model was produced at GM’s Ramos Arizpe facility in Mexico and served as a successor to the Korean-manufactured five-seat Holden Captiva.

In Australasia, the Equinox was sold alongside the seven-passenger Holden Acadia, which is essentially the same vehicle as the GMC Acadia available in North America.

Holden halted new orders for the Equinox on October 17, 2018, due to weak demand and surplus stock. The entire Holden range, including the Equinox, was discontinued in 2020 following GM’s decision to withdraw from right-hand-drive markets such as Australia and New Zealand. This move was attributed to poor sales results and inadequate returns on investments necessary to sustain operations in these territories.

Safety

IIHS ratings (2022)

Small overlap front (Driver)	Good
Small overlap front (Passenger)	Good
Moderate overlap front	Good
Moderate overlap front (updated test)	Poor
Side	Good
Side (updated test)	Marginal
Roof strength	Good
Head restraints and seats	Good
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Vehicle)	Superior
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian, day)	Advanced
Child seat anchors (LATCH) ease of use	Acceptable

Fourth generation (2025)

On January 23, 2024, Chevrolet revealed the fourth-generation Equinox designated for the 2025 model year. This iteration utilizes an updated electrical system alongside GM’s VSS-S platform, which is based on the D2XX architecture. The 1.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine from the previous generation continues to power this model. The trim lineup has been condensed to three options—LT, RS, and ACTIV—each distinguished by unique front-end styling.

Manufacturing takes place at GM’s San Luis Potosí plant in Mexico, sharing production with the GMC Terrain; sales are scheduled to begin in mid-2024. The gasoline-powered Equinox is offered concurrently with a battery-electric variant known as the Equinox EV.

The exterior styling draws inspiration from the Chevrolet Traverse and features full LED lighting along with optional 20-inch alloy wheels. The ACTIV trim stands out with exclusive design touches including 17-inch machine-finished wheels fitted with all-terrain tires, a two-tone roof option, blacked-out badges, a signature grille design, and distinctive interior details.

Inside the cabin, drivers benefit from an 11-inch customizable Driver Information Center paired with an expanded 11.3-inch infotainment touchscreen that incorporates Google services, similar to the interface used in the Chevrolet Trax. The gear selector for the automatic transmission has been relocated to the steering column to clear space on the center console for a drive mode selector dial; traditional physical controls for headlights have been eliminated to reduce reliance on microchips.

Powertrain choices include front-wheel drive with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and all-wheel drive equipped with an eight-speed automatic gearbox. Drive mode functionality was initially introduced on RS and ACTIV trims and will become standard equipment across all trims starting in 2026.

China

In March 2024, the fourth-generation Equinox was introduced in the Chinese market under the name Equinox Plus to differentiate it from its predecessor. This variant is available solely as a plug-in hybrid, featuring a 1.5-liter turbocharged gasoline engine.

Equinox EV

The battery-powered Equinox made its debut at the 2022 Consumer Electronics Show and was launched for the 2024 model year. It boasts a unique design and platform distinct from the internal combustion engine (ICE) version, utilizing GM's Ultium battery system that powers multiple electric models across the brand. Positioned with an approximate starting price near $30,000, the Equinox EV aims to compete effectively within the electric crossover segment.

Fuel cell version

The Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell operates using hydrogen fuel, emitting only water vapor, and incorporates advanced fourth-generation hydrogen technology derived from the 2009 Chevrolet Sequel concept. Engineered to deliver around of driving range and capable of functioning in freezing temperatures, this model weighs roughly more than the conventional Equinox due to structural differences. Weight reduction is achieved through aluminum doors and a hood constructed from carbon fiber.

It is equipped with three carbon-fiber hydrogen tanks that store up to 9.25 pounds (4.2 kg) of hydrogen at a pressure of 10,000 psi (70 MPa), enabling a driving range of . Recognized as a zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) by the EPA, GM produced 115 units for deployment in selected markets between 2007 and 2008 under the "Project Driveway" initiative.

Safety systems include ABS, traction control, and GM's OnStar telematics service, which provides operational support and locates hydrogen refueling stations. The vehicle complies with all federal safety regulations applicable in 2007.

Performance

According to Motor Trend, the fuel cell model's performance closely matches that of the 3.6-liter gasoline counterpart, although in 2008 there was limited access to high-pressure hydrogen refueling infrastructure near Riverside, California.

Natural gas version

In 2013, Nat G CNG Solutions partnered with AGA Systems to introduce a Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) variant of both the Chevrolet Equinox and GMC Terrain, incorporating a 2.4-liter direct-injection engine. This "bi-fuel" CNG vehicle is capable of running on either gasoline or natural gas, thereby extending its operational range. These models were notable as the first direct-injection natural gas vehicles certified by the US EPA.

Silver Eagle Distributors, affiliated with Anheuser-Busch, served as the initial commercial customer with an order for up to 100 natural gas-powered GMC Terrains. Additionally, CenterPoint Energy was among the early adopters of the natural gas Chevrolet Equinox.

CNG configurations

The CNG-equipped vehicles were available new through select dealerships or as retrofit options for 2013 and 2014 models. Nat G CNG Solutions provided two configurations: a two-seat "cargo version" offering an estimated combined gasoline/natural gas range of 837 miles (9.2 GGE of CNG) and a five-seat "passenger version" delivering approximately 775 miles combined highway range (6.8 GGE of CNG).

Emissions and performance

EPA testing indicated that the natural gas variant achieved a highway fuel economy of 31 mpg when operating on natural gas and complied with Bin 3 emissions standards, comparable to those met by the Toyota Prius.

Electric conversion

Amp Electric Vehicles offers a full electric conversion package for the Chevrolet Equinox. Initial customers included Dayton Power & Light, followed by a significant five-year contract to supply 1,000 converted SUVs to Northern Lights Energy based in Iceland.

Equinox

Calendar Year	United States	Canada	Mexico	Brazil	China
2004	84,024
2005	130,542	12,984	8,080
2006	113,888	15,064	6,086
2007	89,552	13,205	5,402
2008	67,447	11,946	1,876
2009	86,148	11,759
2010	149,979	19,261
2011	193,274	22,468
2012	218,621	20,390
2013	238,192	19,819
2014	242,242	19,559
2015	277,589	19,766	3,376
2016	242,195	19,197	13,712
2017	290,458	24,446	7,954	1,214	53,090
2018	332,618	21,338	4,020	5,090	71,497
2019	346,048	18,503	2,427	4,631	50,471
2020	270,994	12,499	1,428	4,812	42,778
2021	165,323	8,675	443	318	43,200

2022 || 212,072 || 13,756 || || 1,769 2023 || 212,701 || 13,248 || || 4,068 2024 || 207,730 || 11,510 || || 3,217

Calendar Year	United States	Canada	Mexico	Brazil

Pontiac Torrent

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Calendar Year	United States
10,303
43,174
32,644
20,625
9,638
68