Holden Monterey

Isuzu Trooper

Company type	Vehicle model
Industry	Automotive
Predecessor	Isuzu Faster/Chevrolet LUV pickup platform
Founded	September 1981 (1981-09)
Defunct	September 2002 (2002-09)
Products	Full-size SUV

The Isuzu Trooper is a Full-size SUV manufactured by Isuzu from September 1981 until September 2002, spanning two distinct generations: the initial generation from 1981 to 1991, followed by the second generation (UBS) from 1991 to 2002, which underwent a mid-cycle update in 1998. The earliest versions were derived from Isuzu's initial Faster/Chevrolet LUV pickup platform.

Known domestically in Japan as the Isuzu Bighorn, the vehicle was marketed internationally primarily under the Trooper name, but also carried various other badges such as the Acura SLX (in the USA), Chevrolet Trooper, Subaru Bighorn, SsangYong Korando Family, Honda Horizon, Opel Monterey, Vauxhall Monterey, and Holden Jackaroo.

In the United States, the first-generation Trooper initially appeared exclusively as a two-door model, which was subject to the 25% Chicken Tax applied to two-door trucks. This version was branded as the Trooper II, where "II" denoted the truck variant, while "I" was intended for a passenger model that never officially reached the market. Upon introduction of four-door versions, Isuzu continued to use the Trooper II designation.

At launch, the Trooper came equipped with a four-cylinder engine, a four-speed manual transmission, and part-time four-wheel drive. Over time, features such as air conditioning, power windows, and a V6 engine option were introduced. The second generation expanded drivetrain choices by offering both two-wheel and four-wheel drive configurations.

Its main rivals included models like the Toyota Hilux Surf, Mitsubishi Pajero, and Nissan Terrano.

First generation (1981)

Debuting in September 1981, the first-generation Trooper was available as a three-door wagon or soft-top with independent front suspension. The soft-top variant experienced limited sales and was eventually discontinued. Initially launched in Japan under the name "Isuzu Rodeo Bighorn," the "Rodeo" portion was soon removed. Early engine options comprised a 1.95-liter gasoline unit and a modest 2.2-liter diesel, both considered underpowered relative to the vehicle’s approximate curb weight. Four-wheel drive operation was controlled via a three-position shifter adjacent to the transmission lever, featuring both Aisin manual-locking hubs and Isuzu’s automatic-locking hubs.

In 1983, Isuzu introduced a five-door version alongside an upgraded 2.3-liter 4ZD1 gasoline engine equipped with a Kevlar timing belt and a larger carburetor. The US market briefly offered an unpopular turbocharged 2.2-liter C223T diesel in 1986. By 1988, this diesel was replaced with a larger petrol 4ZE1 engine, and starting in 1989, General Motors’ sourced 2.8-liter V6 engines were employed until Isuzu developed their own V6 units.

The model received rectangular headlights and LS trim in 1987. In 1988, the 2.3-liter engine’s output increased to 110 hp, while for the US market a fuel-injected 2.6-liter I-TEC engine producing 120 hp was added. Optional four-speed automatic transmissions became available toward the end of this generation; Aisin automatics were paired with four-cylinder engines and GM’s 4L30E units with V6 engines. Between 1988 and 1991, models featured live rear axles paired with four-wheel disc brakes.

International versions included inline-four C223 and turbocharged C223T diesel options, as well as naturally aspirated and turbocharged variants of the 2.8-liter inline-four diesels during the late 1980s. Japan had a limited edition of 100 "Bighorn Irmscher R" units fitted with German tuning enhancements.

Turbocharged models initially produced approximately , similar to the smaller C223T due to emissions restrictions; later versions equipped with intercoolers achieved up to .

In the US during 1989 only, a short-wheelbase two-door Trooper RS was available featuring a fuel-injected 2.6-liter inline-four engine, unique gear ratios, alloy wheels, and offered with either manual or automatic transmissions.

Markets in Central America saw options for removable roofs and increased ground clearance, frequently powered by turbocharged diesel engines. In Venezuela, where import restrictions applied, locally assembled versions known as the Caribe 442 utilized up to 35% domestic parts content.

Chevrolet Trooper

In Indonesia, the Chevrolet Trooper was assembled locally by PT Garmak Motors. Around 1987, a rear-wheel-drive variant called the Chevrolet Stallion was introduced, combining the Trooper’s body with the chassis of the rear-wheel-drive Chevrolet LUV and featuring a solid front axle. Additionally, in the early 1980s, simpler local SUVs based on Isuzu pickup trucks were marketed under the names Holden Lincah and Holden Raider, incorporating partial fibreglass body panels.

The Chevrolet Trooper nameplate was also used throughout South America, with the exception of Venezuela.

Holden Jackaroo

In both Australia and New Zealand, the Trooper was marketed as the Holden Jackaroo, a name derived from an Australian term for a young station worker. Meanwhile, in New Zealand, the standard Trooper was also available under the Isuzu brand.

Subaru Bighorn

Introduced in November 1988, the Subaru Bighorn came with an Irmscher finish and was exclusively powered by Isuzu’s 2.8-liter inline-four turbodiesel engine. Buyers could choose between a four-speed automatic or five-speed manual transmission paired with part-time four-wheel drive. Production and sales concluded in February 1992.

SsangYong Korando Family

Beginning licensed production of the Isuzu Trooper in November 1988, SsangYong Motors offered a uniquely styled version called the Korando Family (). The conceptual KR-600 model had been unveiled in 1984 by Keohwa Motors, which initiated development in 1982 before being acquired by Dong-A Motors in 1984 and later by SsangYong in 1987. The name Korando is an acronym for Korea Can Do or variations such as Korea Land Over.

The Korando Family targeted markets including South Korea, Southeast Asia, parts of Europe, and South America. In Europe, it was sold under the name SsangYong Family. Initially powered by a Korean-built 2.2-liter diesel engine ("DC23"), the range expanded in September 1991 to include Peugeot’s 2.5-liter XD3P diesel and Isuzu’s fuel-injected 2.6-liter petrol engine from July 1991. Updates during this period featured translucent headlamps, a chrome grille, and introduction of a five-speed manual gearbox.

The New Korando Family () was launched in August 1994, replacing previous engines with a 2.3-liter Mercedes-Benz OM601 diesel unit. The subsequent SsangYong Korando ("New Korando") model premiered at the 1995 Frankfurt Motor Show and entered production in July 1996, supplanting the KF series.

Mekong Star 4WD

The Mekong Star 4WD, also referred to as Mekong Stars-4WD, marked Mekong Auto’s inaugural vehicle in 1992. It featured a diesel powertrain sourced from Ssangyong and was assembled at the Cuu Long Factory located in Ho Chi Minh City. Export activities reportedly began in 1993 targeting markets such as China and Japan.

By 1997, production reached roughly 30,000 units but ceased that year due to component shortages following Ssangyong’s transition to manufacturing the New Korando model.

Second generation (1991)

In December 1991, Isuzu introduced a redesigned Trooper for the 1992 model year, enhancing its dimensions, engine performance, and luxury features. Initially, the lineup included only the extended wheelbase five-door variant; the shorter three-door version was launched in March 1992. Engine choices comprised a 3.2 L SOHC gasoline unit delivering up to , later complemented by a DOHC variant. Most configurations featured part-time four-wheel drive that required the vehicle to be stationary for engagement, although select models gained "shift-on-the-fly" capability starting in 1996.

The diesel lineup offered a durable, fuel-efficient intercooled turbocharged inline-four engine (4JG2) generating and of torque, with slightly higher ratings in Japanese domestic models. Diesel-powered Jackaroos were equipped with five-speed manual transmissions and manual front hubs, while petrol V6 variants provided an optional four-speed automatic paired with locking hubs. Post-1998 models introduced the newer "4JX1" diesel engine, which added an automatic transmission option.

Throughout this era, General Motors, Isuzu, and Honda collaborated to distribute rebadged versions worldwide: the Honda Horizon in Japan; Opel/Vauxhall Monterey across Europe and the UK; Holden Jackaroo/Monterey in Australia; and Acura SLX in the United States. A mid-cycle refresh in 1998 brought updated exterior styling and a spare tire cover painted to match the body color.

From 1998 onward, Australasian and U.S. Troopers adopted a DOHC 3.5-liter V6 engine producing , while European and Asian markets continued offering diesel options (either the 4JG2 or later 4JX1). Alongside the facelift, a Borg-Warner torque-on-demand all-wheel-drive system was introduced; the grille underwent another redesign for the 2000 model year.

Available transmissions included a five-speed manual, Aisin AR5 manual gearbox, and an electronically controlled GM 4L30E four-speed automatic featuring "power" and "winter" driving modes. Between 2000 and 2002, the "Grade Logic" system enabled automatic downshifting on steep inclines.

The suspension combined fully independent torsion bar front suspension with a multilink coil-sprung solid rear axle setup.

While U.S. models were limited to five seats, seven-passenger configurations were offered internationally. Rear limited slip differentials were an optional feature worldwide. The U.S.-market three-door RS variant was sold from 1993 until 1995. Cargo capacity varied from to cubic feet depending on trim level.

Production of Troopers in the U.S. ceased in 2002 as Isuzu replaced this model with smaller Axiom and larger GM-based Ascender SUVs. In Japan, Bighorn production ended that same year as Isuzu exited passenger vehicle manufacturing.

In April 2004, New Zealand authorities issued recalls for early Trooper models due to concerns over accelerator pedal sticking.

Between 2002 and 2005, the Philippines marketed a Skyroof Edition Trooper equipped with a turbocharged diesel engine producing , rear-wheel drive, ABS brakes, limited slip differential, leather upholstery, wood trim accents, moonroof, and VCD entertainment system. This version was later succeeded by the Isuzu Alterra.

Acura SLX

The Acura SLX was a rebadged version of the Isuzu Trooper sold through Honda’s Acura division in the United States from 1995 until 1999; it was eventually replaced by the Acura MDX in 2001.

This model omitted some Trooper features such as manual transmissions and certain engine options. Between 1996 and 1997, it was powered by either a 3.2-liter SOHC or DOHC V6 engine, upgrading to a 3.5-liter DOHC V6 in 1998. A front-end redesign was introduced that year; however, sales remained weak partly due to unfavorable safety evaluations by Consumer Reports citing rollover hazards in early versions. Autotrader rates its safety at three stars with a starting price of $36,300.

In December 2019, Acura revealed a modified 1997 SLX at California’s Radwood event featuring a modern turbocharged four-cylinder engine paired with a 10-speed automatic transmission and the SH-AWD system borrowed from the RDX.

Holden Jackaroo/Monterey

In Australia, the UBS-series was sold under the name Holden Jackaroo and subsequently as the Monterey, with the latter introduced in 1994 as the premium V6 model. Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) unveiled the performance-oriented HSV Jackaroo in July 1993, followed by the Jackaroo SE version. Production numbers comprised 79 HSV Jackaroos and 234 Jackaroo SE units, both featuring cosmetic enhancements alongside the same 3.2-liter SOHC petrol engine. The Jackaroo SE also offered optional HSV branding.

Holden issued safety recalls for both the Jackaroo and Monterey models due to defective earthing within the engine wiring harness, which had the potential to cause unintended acceleration while idling.

V8 HSV Jackaroo

In 1996, HSV explored fitting a Holden 5.0L V8 engine into the Jackaroo and Rodeo models but discontinued these plans early on to prevent overlap with SS Commodore sales.

Holden Jack8 Concept

To commemorate twenty years of the Jackaroo in Australia, Holden introduced the Jack8 concept in 2001. Revealed at Melbourne’s National 4x4 Show, this concept featured an open-roof design, lengthened front doors, a redesigned rear section, a 50mm body lift, heavy-duty suspension upgrades, and was powered by a Gen III 5.7L V8 engine.

The Jack8 was equipped with bespoke wheels, a strengthened roll cage, side-exit exhausts, Mickey Thompson Baja Claw tires, Monaro-inspired bucket seats, high-end audio equipment, and an advanced GPS system—demonstrating Holden’s commitment to off-road innovation. Although fully operational and road-registered, it did not significantly impact sales. The Jackaroo line was discontinued in 2003 and succeeded by the AWD Commodore-based Adventra. Today, the Jack8 is preserved within the Holden Heritage Collection as a symbol of Holden’s design vision.

Honda Horizon

The Honda Horizon was available in Japan with either a 3.2-liter V6 petrol engine or a 3.1-liter turbocharged diesel variant. On March 19, 1998, it received an update featuring a direct-injection 3.0-liter engine outputting , noted for reduced noise levels and cleaner emissions. The Horizon was produced from 1994 until 1999. It was distinct from the Trooper/Big Horn mainly due to its five-door configuration compared to their three-door layout, alongside unique grille and badge designs. Trim levels included Lotus and SE.

Opel/Vauxhall Monterey

In European markets, the Trooper/Big Horn was retailed as the Opel Monterey between 1992 and 1999. A minor facelift in 1996 brought in a honeycomb-style grille and dual airbags as standard features. A more comprehensive refresh occurred in 1998 with diesel engine updates consistent with other regions. The Monterey nameplate was discontinued in 1999; however, Isuzu continued selling the model as the Trooper through its dealer network until 2003.

From 1994 to 1998, the Trooper/Big Horn was marketed in the UK under the Vauxhall Monterey badge—essentially identical to its Opel counterpart—but due to limited market success, it was withdrawn a year prior to Opel’s discontinuation.

Subaru Bighorn

In 1992, Subaru offered the Subaru Bighorn, equipped with either a 3.2-liter V6 petrol engine or a 3.1-liter inline-four turbo diesel engine paired with a choice of four-speed automatic or five-speed manual transmissions. Sales ended by mid-1994 following the expiration of Subaru’s OEM agreement with Isuzu. The remaining available model was branded "Long Handling by Lotus," featuring either a four-speed automatic or five-speed manual transmission (diesel only), with Lotus contributing to transmission development.

Rollover dispute

The second-generation Isuzu Trooper encountered unfavorable coverage in the U.S. media when models from 1995 to 1997 received a "Not Acceptable" rating from Consumer Reports due to purported rollover hazards. After Consumers Union submitted a petition, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) performed evaluations and determined no defects existed that would justify a recall. Isuzu argued that the publication's findings negatively impacted its sales figures.

Isuzu initiated a $242 million lawsuit against Consumers Union, accusing Consumer Reports of overstating the steering inputs beyond what typical drivers could exert during their testing procedures. The court designated Isuzu as a public figure because of its extensive public relations efforts, thereby elevating the defamation burden of proof to "clear and convincing evidence" of knowingly false or reckless assertions.

The jury concluded that eight out of seventeen contested statements were false, with one demonstrating reckless disregard for accuracy; however, it was decided that Isuzu did not suffer damages from these statements. Two jurors believed Consumer Reports did not intend to disseminate false information in relation to the remaining claims. As a result, no financial compensation was granted to Isuzu.

Isuzu approximated the total financial loss attributed to Consumer Reports' allegations at $244 million. Following the trial's conclusion, Isuzu was mandated to cover Consumers Union's reasonable defense expenses, excluding legal fees.

Motorsport achievements

• 1989: The Jackaroo SWB claimed victory in the Marathon class at the Australian Safari, piloted by Peter Lockhart.
• 1992: Trooper triumphed in its class during the Australian Safari.
• 1993: Trooper vehicles secured both first and second positions within their class at the Australian Safari.
• 1994: Trooper won the Marathon category at the Paris–Dakar Rally, placing 12th overall, and also achieved first place in its class at the Rallye des Pharaons.
• 1995–1997: The Holden Jackaroo was utilized as the official Safety Car for the Bathurst 1000 race, appreciated for its elevated driver position and stable handling characteristics despite its off-road configuration.
• 1996: Bruce Garland drove the Holden Jackaroo to victory in the Australian Safari.
• 1998: Holden Jackaroo finished first and second in the Round Australia Trial (Playstation Rally); Peter Brock secured the Production class win driving a showroom-condition Jackaroo.
• 1999–2002: The Holden Jackaroo, driven by Bruce Garland and Harry Suzuki (in 2002), repeatedly earned first place in the Australian Safari.

Naming variations

• North America – Isuzu Trooper II (1983–1991), Isuzu Trooper (1991–2002); also marketed as Acura SLX (1996–2000)
• South America & Africa – Sold as Isuzu Trooper and Chevrolet Trooper
• Colombia – Chevrolet Trooper (first generation), Chevrolet Trooper 960 (second generation)
• Venezuela – Marketed as Caribe 442
• Asia – Known as Isuzu Trooper; also sold under Chevrolet Trooper name
• Japan – Branded as Isuzu Bighorn and Subaru Bighorn; marketed as Honda Horizon (1994–1999)
• Europe – Identified as Isuzu Trooper (both generations), Vauxhall Monterey in the UK (1992–1998), Opel Monterey across Europe and Ireland (1992–1999)
• New Zealand – Offered as Isuzu Bighorn, Isuzu Trooper, Holden Jackaroo, Holden Monterey
• Australia – Marketed under Holden Jackaroo, Holden Monterey, and Holden Special Vehicles Jackaroo