Jackeroo (Holden car)

Isuzu Trooper

Company type	Vehicle model
Industry	Automotive
Predecessor	Isuzu Faster/Chevrolet LUV pickup platform (for initial versions)
Founded	1981
Defunct	2002
Area served	Worldwide
Products	Full-size SUV

The Isuzu Trooper is a Full-size SUV manufactured by Isuzu between 1981 and 2002, spanning two generations: the initial generation (1981–1991) and the subsequent UBS generation (1991–2002), which underwent a mid-cycle update in 1998. The earliest versions were derived from the first generation Isuzu Faster/Chevrolet LUV pickup platform.

Known domestically in Japan as the Isuzu Bighorn, this SUV was distributed globally under multiple brand names such as Acura SLX in the United States, Chevrolet Trooper, Subaru Bighorn, SsangYong Korando Family, Honda Horizon, Opel Monterey, Vauxhall Monterey, and Holden Jackaroo.

In the American market, the initial release featured a two-door configuration subject to the 25% Chicken Tax applied to trucks. Isuzu designated the truck-oriented model as the Trooper II—which included an optional rear seat—while planning a passenger variant called "Trooper I" that was never sold. The four-door versions continued to carry the Trooper II badge.

The Trooper's original setup included a four-cylinder engine paired with a four-speed manual transmission and part-time four-wheel drive. Over time, enhancements like air conditioning, power windows, and a V6 powertrain were introduced. The second generation expanded options by offering either two- or four-wheel drive.

Its primary rivals in the segment comprised the Toyota Hilux Surf, Mitsubishi Pajero, and Nissan Terrano.

First generation (1981)

Debuting in September 1981, the first-generation Trooper was available as either a three-door wagon or a soft-top model equipped with independent front suspension. Sales of the soft-top variant were limited, leading to its early discontinuation. Initially launched in Japan under the name "Isuzu Rodeo Bighorn," the "Rodeo" designation was soon dropped. Early engine choices included a 1.95-liter gasoline unit and a 2.2-liter diesel producing 73 PS, which was modest for a vehicle weighing approximately 3700 lb during that era. Four-wheel drive was engaged via a three-position selector adjacent to the transmission lever, incorporating both Aisin manual-locking hubs and Isuzu's automatic-locking hubs.

In 1983, Isuzu expanded the lineup with a five-door model powered by the 4ZD1 2.3-liter petrol engine delivering 97 PS. This engine featured improvements such as a Kevlar timing belt and an enlarged two-barrel carburetor. The US market briefly received an 87 PS turbocharged 2.2-liter C223T diesel with a Garrett turbocharger in 1986; however, it failed to gain popularity. By 1988, this was replaced by the larger 4ZE1 gasoline engine, followed by the introduction of a GM-sourced 2.8-liter V6 in 1989 until Isuzu developed its own V6 engines.

In 1987, rectangular headlights were introduced alongside LS trim levels for five-door models. The 4ZD1 engine's output increased to 110 hp in 1988, coinciding with the launch of a fuel-injected 4ZE1 I-TEC engine producing 120 hp for the US market. From 1989 onward, buyers could opt for a GM-derived 2.8-liter pushrod V6 sourced from the Chevrolet S-10 pickup. Later trims offered four-speed automatic transmissions: Aisin A340H units for four-cylinder engines and GM's 4L30E for V6-powered variants. Models produced between 1988 and 1991 featured live rear axles paired with four-wheel disc brakes.

Internationally, engine options included inline-four C223 (2,238 cc), turbocharged C223T, as well as naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions of the 2.8-liter I-4 diesel 4JB1 during the late 1980s. In Japan, a limited edition called "Bighorn Irmscher R" was available featuring aesthetic and interior enhancements by German tuner Irmscher.

The initial turbocharged 2.8-liter engine generated approximately 95 PS—comparable to the smaller C223T's output of around 87 PS due to emissions constraints—with later intercooler-equipped variants reaching up to 115 PS.

Only in 1989 did the US market receive a short-wheelbase (90-inch) two-door Trooper RS equipped with a fuel-injected 2.6-liter inline-four engine, featuring differential gears at a ratio of 4.77:1 and distinctive aluminum alloy wheels sized at 15×7 inches; this model was available with either manual or automatic transmissions.

In Central America, Troopers often came with removable roofs and increased ground clearance, powered by options such as Isuzu’s 2.8-liter turbo diesel engine. In Venezuela, locally assembled versions known as the Caribe 442 complied with import restrictions by achieving up to 35% local parts content by weight.

Chevrolet Trooper

In Indonesia, the vehicle was assembled locally by PT Garmak Motors and marketed under the name Chevrolet Trooper. Around 1987, a rear-wheel-drive variant called the Chevrolet Stallion was introduced, which combined the Trooper's body with a Chevrolet LUV chassis featuring a solid front axle instead of independent suspension. Furthermore, in the early 1980s, simpler SUVs based on Isuzu pickup trucks were developed domestically and sold as the Holden Lincah and Holden Raider, incorporating fiberglass body panels. The Chevrolet Trooper badge was also applied to models in South America, with the exception of Venezuela.

Holden Jackaroo

In both Australia and New Zealand, the Trooper was distributed as the Holden Jackaroo, a name derived from an Australian term referring to young men employed on sheep or cattle farms. In New Zealand exclusively, the standard Trooper was also available under the Isuzu brand.

Subaru Bighorn

Introduced in November 1988, the Subaru Bighorn came finished by Irmscher and was equipped solely with Isuzu's 2.8-liter inline four-cylinder turbodiesel engine. Transmission options included a four-speed automatic or a five-speed manual, both paired with part-time four-wheel drive. Production and sales ceased in February 1992.

SsangYong Korando Family

In November 1988, SsangYong Motors commenced licensed manufacturing of the Isuzu Trooper featuring unique bodywork, marketing it as the Korando Family (). The KR-600 concept first appeared at the 1984 Seoul International Trade Fair and was initially developed by Keohwa Motors starting in 1982. After Dong-A Motors acquired Keohwa in 1984 and continued development, SsangYong took over in 1987 and launched the Korando Family under its own brand. The name "Korando" stands for Korea Can Do, and is alternatively interpreted as Korea Land Over or Korean Land Dominator.

The vehicle targeted markets including South Korea, Southeast Asia, certain European countries—where it was sold as the SsangYong Family—and had limited distribution in South America. At launch, it was powered by a locally produced 2.2-liter diesel engine known as "DC23". By 1991, powertrain options expanded to include Peugeot's 2.5-liter XD3P diesel engine and Isuzu’s 2.6-liter fuel-injected petrol engine. Updates incorporated translucent headlamps, a chrome-plated grille, and a five-speed manual gearbox.

The New Korando Family () debuted in August 1994, replacing previous engines with a 2.3-liter Mercedes-Benz OM601 diesel unit. This was followed by the introduction of the SsangYong Korando ("New Korando") in July 1996 after its initial presentation at the 1995 Frankfurt Motor Show, marking a pivotal evolution in SsangYong’s SUV range.

Mekong Star 4WD

The Mekong Star 4WD, sometimes referred to as Mekong Stars-4WD, marked Mekong Auto's inaugural vehicle launch in 1992. It was equipped with a diesel powertrain and drivetrain components sourced from Ssangyong. Manufacturing took place at the Cuu Long Factory located in Ho Chi Minh City, with exports reportedly beginning in 1993 to markets such as China and Japan.

By the year 1997, production volumes had reached around 30,000 units. The manufacturing run ended when Ssangyong introduced the New Korando model, which resulted in the discontinuation of parts supply.

Second generation (1991)

In December 1991, Isuzu unveiled a redesigned Trooper for the 1992 model year aimed at addressing the evolving SUV segment by increasing dimensions, power output, and luxury features. Initially, only a long-wheelbase five-door variant was available; however, a shorter three-door version was added in March 1992. Engine options included a 3.2 L SOHC or DOHC petrol engine delivering up to , paired with a part-time four-wheel-drive system that required the vehicle to be stopped before engagement until the introduction of "shift-on-the-fly" capability in 1996.

Diesel variants featured a robust intercooled turbocharged 3.1 L inline-four (4JG2) engine producing up to , designed for improved fuel economy and towing performance. Transmission choices encompassed five-speed manuals with manual front hubs and four-speed automatics equipped with automatic locking hubs on petrol V6 models. After 1998, an updated "4JX1" 3.0 L diesel engine became available alongside an automatic transmission option.

During this generation, General Motors, Isuzu, and Honda collaborated to market rebadged versions of the Trooper worldwide: it was sold as the Honda Horizon in Japan (1994–1999), Opel/Vauxhall Monterey across Europe and the UK (1994–1998), Holden Jackaroo in Australia (1998–2002), and Acura SLX in North America (1996–1999). A mid-cycle refresh in 1998 updated exterior styling and introduced a body-colored cover for the spare tire.

Models for Australasia and the United States from 1998 onward featured a DOHC 3.5 L engine generating . European and Asian markets continued to offer diesel powertrains with revised engines. By the 2000 model year, a Borg-Warner torque-on-demand all-wheel-drive system and an updated grille design were introduced.

Transmission options during this period included a five-speed manual, an Aisin AR5 manual gearbox, and General Motors’ electronically controlled four-speed automatic transmission offering "power" and "winter" driving modes to enhance performance and traction. Later versions incorporated "Grade Logic," which automatically downshifted when descending steep inclines.

The suspension setup combined fully independent torsion bar front suspension with a multilink coil-sprung rear suspension that integrated a solid axle.

While US-spec models were limited to five seats, seven-passenger configurations were available in other regions. Rear limited-slip differentials were offered as optional equipment globally. The US-market three-door RS variant was available only between 1993 and 1995. Cargo volume varied depending on trim levels from .

Isuzu ceased Trooper production in the US in 2002 as it shifted focus toward smaller models like the Axiom and larger GM-produced SUVs such as the Ascender. Production of the Bighorn ended in Japan that same year as Isuzu withdrew from passenger car manufacturing.

In April 2004, New Zealand issued recalls addressing accelerator pedal sticking issues affecting Troopers manufactured between 1992 and 1995.

From 2002 through 2005, the Philippines offered a rear-wheel-drive Skyroof Edition equipped with a powerful 16-valve 3.0 L diesel engine featuring ABS brakes, limited-slip differential, leather upholstery, wood trim accents, moonroof, and VCD entertainment system. This model was later replaced by the Isuzu Alterra.

Acura SLX

The Acura SLX was essentially a rebranded Isuzu Trooper distributed by Honda’s Acura brand in the United States between 1995 and 1999, before being succeeded by the Acura MDX in 2001.

Certain Trooper options, including manual gearboxes and some engine choices, were not available on the SLX. Between 1996 and 1997, the model was offered exclusively with a 3.2-liter SOHC or DOHC V6 engine, transitioning to a 3.5-liter DOHC V6 in 1998. A facelift for the front end was introduced in 1998; however, sales remained underwhelming, partly due to Consumer Reports highlighting rollover hazards in earlier versions. Autotrader rated it with three stars for front and passenger safety, pricing the base model at $36,300.

In December 2019, Acura unveiled a restomodded version of a 1997 SLX at the Radwood event in Orange County, California. This updated model featured a contemporary turbocharged four-cylinder engine paired with a 10-speed automatic transmission and SH-AWD system derived from the RDX.

Holden Jackaroo/Monterey

In Australia, the UBS-series was sold as the Holden Jackaroo and Monterey. The Jackaroo was introduced first, followed by the Monterey in 1994 as the premium V6 trim level. Eventually, Monterey evolved into a distinct luxury edition. In July 1993, Holden Special Vehicles launched the sportier HSV Jackaroo, which later saw a second iteration under the Jackaroo SE designation. Production numbers included 79 HSV Jackaroos and 234 Jackaroo SE units, both featuring aesthetic enhancements and powered by a 3.2-liter SOHC petrol engine producing 177 PS. The Jackaroo SE also had optional HSV badging.

Both models were subject to recalls due to faulty earthing within the engine wiring harness that posed risks of unintended acceleration while idling.

V8 HSV Jackaroo

In 1996, HSV explored fitting a Holden 5.0L V8 engine into the Jackaroo and Rodeo models but ultimately abandoned this plan over concerns it might detract from SS Commodore sales. The initiative did not progress beyond preliminary discussions.

Holden Jack8 Concept

Marking two decades of the Jackaroo in Australia, Holden revealed the Jack8 concept in 2001 at Melbourne’s National 4x4 Show as an effort to rejuvenate interest in the aging model. This concept featured extensive modifications inspired by V8 desert racing vehicles: a roofless design, lengthened front doors, significantly reworked rear sections, a 50mm body lift, heavy-duty suspension components, and a Gen III 5.7L V8 powerplant.

Additional upgrades included bespoke wheels, reinforced roll cage construction, side-exit exhaust systems, Mickey Thompson Baja Claw tires, Monaro-style bucket seats, high-end audio equipment, and advanced GPS navigation. Although fully functional and road-registered in Victoria, the concept failed to substantially boost sales. The Jackaroo was discontinued in 2003 and replaced by the AWD Commodore-based Adventra. The Jack8 remains an important example of Holden’s innovative design efforts and is preserved within the Holden Heritage Collection.

Honda Horizon

The Honda Horizon was available in Japan equipped with either a 3.2-liter V6 gasoline engine or a 3.1-liter turbocharged diesel unit. On March 19, 1998, it received an upgrade to a direct-injection 3.0-liter engine producing , noted for reduced noise levels and improved emissions performance. Produced from 1994 through 1999, the Horizon primarily differed from the Trooper/Big Horn through its five-door configuration versus their three-door layout. Trim levels included Lotus and SE variants.

Opel/Vauxhall Monterey

Between 1992 and 1999, the Trooper/Big Horn was marketed in Europe under the Opel Monterey name. A subtle redesign in 1996 introduced a honeycomb-style grille along with dual airbags. In 1998, a more significant update was implemented, including revisions to the diesel engines, mirroring modifications made to the Trooper/Bighorn models in other regions. The Opel Monterey name was discontinued in 1999, although the vehicle continued to be sold through Isuzu dealerships as the Trooper until 2003.

From 1994 until 1998, the Trooper/Big Horn was also available in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Monterey, identical to its Opel version. Due to poor market performance, it was withdrawn from the UK a year before production ended for the Opel variant.

Subaru Bighorn

Subaru introduced the Subaru Bighorn in 1992, equipped with either a 3.2-liter V6 petrol engine or a 3.1-liter inline-four turbocharged diesel engine. Buyers could choose between a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission. Sales ceased by mid-1994 as Subaru's original equipment manufacturer agreement with Isuzu concluded. The last model offered was the "Long Handling by Lotus," which featured only the turbodiesel engine and transmissions that had been enhanced through collaboration with Lotus.

Rollover controversy

The second-generation Isuzu Trooper encountered unfavorable coverage in the United States when Consumer Reports rated 1995–1997 models as "Not Acceptable" due to concerns over potential rollover hazards. After Consumers Union petitioned for further investigation, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) conducted its own testing and found no defects justifying a recall. Isuzu argued that the negative report adversely affected their sales figures.

Isuzu filed a $242 million lawsuit against Consumers Union, accusing them of exaggerating test conditions during their evaluation. The court determined that Isuzu’s extensive public relations campaigns classified it as a public figure, thus raising the defamation standard to require "clear and convincing evidence" of knowingly false or recklessly misleading statements.

The jury concluded that eight out of seventeen disputed claims were false, with one instance showing reckless disregard by Consumer Reports. However, it ruled that Isuzu did not suffer damages from these inaccuracies. As a result, Isuzu received no financial restitution despite estimating losses of $244 million. Additionally, the court mandated Isuzu to pay Consumers Union’s reasonable defense expenses, excluding legal fees.

Motorsport

• 1989: Peter Lockhart piloted the Jackaroo SWB to victory in the Marathon class at the Australian Safari.
• 1992: The Trooper secured a class win at the Australian Safari event.
• 1993: Troopers finished first and second within their class at the Australian Safari.
• 1994: The Trooper claimed first place in the Marathon class at the Paris–Dakar Rally, placing 12th overall, and also won its class at the Rallye des Pharaons.
• 1995–1997: The Holden Jackaroo was utilized as the official Safety Car for the Bathurst 1000 race, prized for its elevated driving position and stable dynamics despite its off-road design.
• 1996: Bruce Garland drove the Holden Jackaroo to first place at the Australian Safari.
• 1998: In the Round Australia Trial (Playstation Rally), Holden Jackaroo secured both first and second places; Wayne Webster and Harry Suzuki won overall while Peter Brock took victory in the Production class.
• 1999–2002: The Holden Jackaroo consistently achieved first-place finishes at the Australian Safari with drivers Bruce Garland and Harry Suzuki.

Naming conventions

• North America – Known as the Isuzu Trooper II from 1983 to 1991, and simply Isuzu Trooper from 1991 until 2002; additionally marketed by Honda as the Acura SLX between 1996 and 2000
• South America and Africa – Offered under the names Isuzu Trooper and Chevrolet Trooper
• Colombia – Sold as Chevrolet Trooper for the first generation, and Chevrolet Trooper 960 for the second generation
• Venezuela – Marketed as the Caribe 442
• Asia – Distributed as both Isuzu Trooper and Chevrolet Trooper
• Japan – Available as the Isuzu Bighorn and Subaru Bighorn; also retailed by Honda under the name Honda Horizon from 1994 to 1999
• Europe – Presented as Isuzu Trooper for both first and second generations; branded Vauxhall Monterey in the UK from 1992 to 1998, and Opel Monterey across Europe and Ireland from 1992 to 1999
• New Zealand – Sold under various names including Isuzu Bighorn, Isuzu Trooper, Holden Jackaroo, and Holden Monterey
• Australia – Marketed as Holden Jackaroo, Holden Monterey, and Holden Special Vehicles Jackaroo