Storer Communications

Storer Communications

Company type	Private
Industry	Media, Broadcasting, Cable television
Predecessor	Fort Industry Company (1927–1952), Storer Broadcasting (1952–1983)
Founded	1927 in Toledo, Ohio, United States
Founder	George Butler Storer, John Harold Ryan
Fate	Acquired and dismantled by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts in 1985; assets sold off by 1987
Headquarters	Miami , United States
Area served	United States
Products	Television stations, radio stations, cable television systems

Storer Communications, initially established as the Fort Industry Company (1927–1952) and later known as Storer Broadcasting (1952–1983), was a U.S.-based media corporation that owned television and radio stations along with cable television systems.

The enterprise was founded by George Butler Storer and John Harold Ryan under the name Fort Industry Oil Company in Toledo, Ohio. It rapidly transitioned its focus toward acquiring radio stations across Ohio, Michigan, and West Virginia. The company expanded into television broadcasting, adopted the Storer name in 1952, and controlled several prominent CBS affiliate stations. Storer became recognized for divesting smaller outlets to purchase larger stations once regulatory ownership caps were reached. Additionally, the company owned Northeast Airlines from 1965 to 1972 and held ownership of the Boston Bruins hockey team between 1973 and 1975. A strategic pivot toward cable television prompted the sale of its radio properties between 1979 and 1981. Although Storer grew to become the fourth-largest cable operator in the United States, its costly cable acquisitions resulted in short-term financial losses during the mid-1980s.

In April 1985, activist shareholders initiated a takeover bid aiming for liquidation. To counter this threat, Storer consented to a $1.6 billion leveraged buyout orchestrated by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR). Following KKR’s acquisition, Storer was dismantled: its cable division was spun off and subsequently absorbed by Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI) and Comcast, while its television stations were sold in 1987 to George N. Gillett Jr., who later integrated them into New World Communications in 1993.

Origins

Born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1899, George B. Storer developed an early fascination with radio technology, constructing homemade transmitters by 1912 inspired by maritime wireless advancements. After serving with the Student Army Training Corps during World War I at Cornell University—where he studied journalism and edited The Cornell Daily Sun—he assumed leadership of his family’s Standard Steel Tube company in 1920. This business merged into Elyria Iron and Steel in 1925 and later into Republic Steel, where Storer rose to vice president.

Between 1925 and 1928, Storer collaborated with his brother-in-law J. Harold Ryan to establish thirteen Speedene gasoline service stations located near railroad sidings in Toledo and Cleveland to minimize fuel transportation expenses—an operational advantage that benefited customers through competitive pricing. In 1927, they formed Fort Industry Oil Company to oversee these service stations.

To advertise Speedene stations—restricted from newspaper promotions due to petroleum industry constraints—Storer purchased Toledo radio station WTAL for $3,500 in 1928, rebranding it as WSPD, which became the eighth CBS affiliate and was integrated with Fort Industry’s headquarters. Simultaneously, Storer managed Detroit-based American Metal Products (later Standard Tube), which proved highly profitable.

Fort Industry acquired Detroit CBS affiliate WGHP in 1928 but divested it two years later on medical advice for Storer; the station was renamed WXYZ under new ownership. The stock market crash of 1929 combined with intense competition among Speedene outlets elevated radio broadcasting as a vital revenue source for Fort Industry.

Concentration on Radio

Leveraging growth opportunities in broadcasting, Fort Industry divested its oil operations to Standard Oil of Ohio in May 1931 and dropped "oil" from its corporate name. That same year, it purchased WWVA in Wheeling, West Virginia, which Storer described as "our one-station network." WWVA affiliated with CBS and gained fame for the Wheeling Jamboree program. By 1941, WWVA operated at a powerful 50,000-watt signal. In partnership with Ryan, Fort Industry helped launch Windsor’s CKOK in 1932—a CBS affiliate serving Windsor and Detroit markets—but Canadian regulators challenged foreign control; CKOK merged with London’s CJGC in 1933 forming CKLW without direct involvement from Storer or Ryan. Fort Industry maintained a minority interest until selling its stake in 1936 due to regulatory pressures. By that time, Fort Industry also held a nominal investment in Seattle’s KIRO. Additional acquisitions included WMMN (Fairmont, West Virginia) in 1935 and WBLY (Lima, Ohio) acquired in 1937—renamed WLOK by 1939—both joining CBS as affiliates.

During the early 1930s, Storer engaged with the American Broadcasting System—a nascent attempt at establishing a third commercial radio network to rival CBS and NBC's Red and Blue networks. Launched in October 1934 with New York’s WMCA as flagship station, this network primarily served East Coast audiences but struggled financially amid the Great Depression. Following unsuccessful negotiations between Storer and WMCA management, WNEW assumed flagship status as the network reorganized into the American Broadcasting Company (distinct from the later ABC). Despite quality programming offerings, financial losses forced most affiliates to withdraw by March 1935; operations ceased shortly thereafter.

In 1934, Fort Industry pursued a complex proposal to relocate WALR from Zanesville to Toledo; although nominal ownership changes were suggested, Fort Industry maintained stockholder influence potentially controlling operations. The Federal Communications Commission denied this request in 1937. Subsequently, through West Virginia Broadcasting—the licensee of WWVA and WMMN—Fort Industry acquired majority control of WALR and rebranded it as WHIZ in 1939 when it joined NBC Radio.

Following U.S. entry into World War II in December 1941, Ryan took leave from his role as vice president/general manager to serve as radio censor for the Office of Censorship; meanwhile, Storer’s Standard Tube facility converted production to shell casings. Storer himself acted as assistant chairman of the Broadcasters Victory Council before enlisting in the Navy as a lieutenant commander in 1943.

Fort Industry broadened its radio holdings by acquiring Atlanta’s WAGA via an all-stock transaction in April 1940; Storer intended it as a secondary residence location. In 1944, it purchased WFTL in Fort Lauderdale—its seventh station—and relocated it to Miami where it was renamed WGBS in 1945 after Storer’s initials. By 1947, WGBS alongside WWVA and WAGA had formed a group affiliation agreement with CBS. In August 1946, Fort Industry acquired Detroit’s WJBK after holding a minority interest since 1933; FCC approval required divesting WHIZ to the Littick family. A late-1948 bidding contest against Crosley Broadcasting for Louisville’s WHAS ended with both bids rejected due to FCC ownership restrictions.

In 1947, Fort Industry sold its stake in KIRO to Washington governor Monrad Wallgren and acquired majority control of Miami Beach newspapers Sun and Star in 1948—drawing comparisons with broadcaster-publisher Eugene S. Pulliam. These newspaper assets were sold to a consortium led by Miami Herald publisher John S. Knight in May 1963.

Expansion into television

Fort Industry ventured into the television industry in 1948, debuting WSPD-TV in Toledo on July 21. This was followed by the launch of WJBK-TV in Detroit in October and WAGA-TV in Atlanta by March 1949. During an FCC license freeze, the company also sought to establish stations in Wheeling and Steubenville, Ohio. In 1951, WLOK and WLOK-FM were sold to facilitate the acquisition of WSAI and WSAI-FM in Cincinnati, which came with a UHF construction permit. These Cincinnati stations were then divested in 1953 to finalize the purchase of WBRC and WBRC-TV located in Birmingham, Alabama. In 1953, the company acquired KABC in San Antonio along with KEYL; both were subsequently renamed KGBS and KGBS-TV. Reflecting a strategic shift away from its industrial origins, the firm rebranded from Fort Industry to Storer Broadcasting Company in May 1952, and by 1953, relocated its corporate headquarters to Miami.

In January 1954, Storer purchased the Empire Coil Company, owner of WXEL (Cleveland) and KPTV (Portland), for $8.5 million. However, Empire's manufacturing plant was closed the following year due to lack of profitability. After acquiring WJW radio, it was paired with WXEL, which was rebranded as WJW-TV in 1956. Due to limited market penetration, KPTV was sold in 1957 to facilitate a transition to VHF channel 12 by merging with KOLR.

The studios for WJW underwent renovations featuring colonial revival architecture—a stylistic choice also applied to the studios of WGBS and WJBK-TV. Meanwhile, stations such as WBRC-TV and WAGA-TV operated from facilities inspired by antebellum mansions.

In 1957, WBRC radio and television assets were sold to Taft Broadcasting to enable acquisitions of WIBG (Philadelphia) and WVUE (Wilmington). WVUE was closed down in 1958 so Storer could acquire WITI (Whitefish Bay), which subsequently moved operations to Milwaukee. To complete the acquisition of KPOP (Los Angeles), renamed KGBS, Storer divested WAGA and WAGA-FM to Plough, Inc., where they became WPLO and WPLO-FM. In 1962, WWVA and WWVA-FM were sold as part of a $10.9 million deal for WMGM (New York City), which set an industry record at that time. The company purchased WIHS-TV (Boston) in 1966, renaming it WSBK-TV, and by 1969 had constructed a new studio building reflecting antebellum architectural influences.

Storer enhanced KGBS's transmission power, resulting in a doubling of annual billing revenue. In 1966, the acquisition of FM station KFMU led to its simulcast with KGBS as KGBS-FM, offering continuous country music programming under a "countrypolitan" format. This format expanded into Cleveland with WCJW in 1968 and into Detroit through WDEE/WDEE-FM by 1969. The station WGBS-FM was renamed WJHR in honor of Ryan but maintained automated programming.

By 1965, Storer had grown into the largest broadcaster outside the traditional "Big Three" networks and was recognized as the pioneering independent group broadcaster. The company gained a reputation for selling smaller-market stations to acquire those in larger markets while investing heavily to boost station capabilities. Its early ventures into television became profitable by 1951; by 1958, Storer reported $65 million in profits with an annual income of $16 million. This expansion approach served as a model for other broadcasters including Corinthian Broadcasting, Cox Media Group, Capital Cities Communications, and Metromedia.

The three sons of George Storer held prominent positions within the organization: George B. Storer Jr., who progressed from managing WAGA-TV to becoming president by 1961; James Storer, who advanced from overseeing WJW radio to vice president of radio; and Peter Storer, who moved up through engineering and sales roles to become vice president of television sales by 1967. Their advancements occurred following the death of senior vice president J. Harold Ryan in June 1961 at age 75.

The Miami Channel 10 License Controversy

In November 1954, Storer acquired WFTL-TV (channel 23), a UHF station based in Fort Lauderdale, and subsequently moved it to Miami under the call letters WGBS-TV. The company vigorously sought a VHF channel allocation for WGBS, focusing particularly on the coveted channel 10, while simultaneously contesting FCC ownership restrictions that limited companies to five VHF and two UHF stations. This legal challenge ultimately failed in the U.S. Supreme Court. These FCC rules also prevented Storer from obtaining the channel 9 license in Wheeling. At one point, Storer threatened to relocate its offices from Miami Beach unless Miami’s VHF broadcasters transitioned to UHF frequencies. When WCKT (channel 7) commenced operations, it took over WGBS-TV’s NBC affiliation, forcing WGBS to function as an independent station. Storer halted WGBS-TV’s broadcasting in April 1957 and sold its assets to National Airlines, which used them to launch WPST-TV ahead of schedule. Operating WGBS-TV resulted in a $433,000 financial loss for Storer.

Following revelations that FCC commissioner Richard A. Mack had been unduly influenced by National Airlines, the FCC reopened the bidding process for the channel 10 license. During a congressional inquiry, FCC chairman John C. Doerfer acknowledged accepting hospitality from Storer while related cases were under commission review. Doerfer resigned and subsequently joined Storer as legal counsel and vice-president. After WPST-TV’s license was revoked, Storer reacquired the transmission tower to upgrade WGBS-FM.

Program Syndication

Founded in 1962 as the syndication division of the company, Storer Programs, Inc. initially distributed The Littlest Hobo, a Canadian television adaptation of the 1958 film that also aired on Canada’s CTV Television Network. The company held distribution rights for several animated series such as B'wanna Don in Jungle-la, The New Adventures of Pinocchio, and Tales of the Wizard of Oz. Storer financed the completion of the second season of Hobo, which led to a lawsuit from McGowan International over unauthorized production activities. This dispute was resolved in 1968 when Storer paid $400,000 and returned all rights to McGowan.

Additionally, Storer obtained distribution rights for the original 1957 version of Divorce Court, which gained international acclaim and was revived for first-run syndication in 1966. Due to concerns about profitability, Storer Programs was closed in 1969; however, the company continued funding television pilot productions.

During the 1980s, Storer co-produced the game show Break the Bank along with a second revival of Divorce Court through a partnership with Blair Entertainment and Kline and Friends. This iteration remained on air until 1990.

The Northeast Airlines Venture

Faced with FCC ownership limits, tax considerations, and a scarcity of large-market stations, Storer Broadcasting sought diversification beyond broadcasting. Inspired by RKO General’s investment in Frontier Airlines—a similarly regulated industry—Storer targeted airline ownership. On June 2, 1965, it agreed to acquire majority control of Northeast Airlines from Hughes Tool Company, partially financing this purchase by selling Standard Tube stock for $1.5 million. Northeast Airlines was burdened with $36 million in debt and engaged in a regulatory battle with the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) over an essential Miami–New York route. Despite these challenges, Storer aimed to rejuvenate Northeast Airlines with plans including reactivating WGBS-TV to place stations inside Northeast’s Miami and Boston terminals; they also acquired WIHS-TV, renaming it WSBK-TV.

George Storer assumed chairmanship of Northeast’s board and committed to a "first class" revival strategy highlighted by the "Yellowbird" advertising campaign and successfully securing the Miami–New York route. Nonetheless, financial losses continued: $3.8 million in 1967 followed by $2.67 million, $28.8 million, $10.7 million, and $14 million through 1971. Due to an aging fleet, Storer created a subsidiary dedicated to acquiring new aircraft and leasing them back to Northeast. By 1972, National Airlines’ revenues were twice those of Northeast; United Airlines outperformed Northeast by a ratio of twelve to one. George Storer later expressed regret over this acquisition because of persistent financial setbacks.

To alleviate financial pressures, Storer divested WIBG and most of its FM stations: WIBG sold for $6 million in 1969; WJHR and WDEE-FM sold for $1.2 million in 1970; WPNA and WCJW sold for $1.4 million in 1971; along with WSPD-FM that same year. KGBS-FM remained their only retained FM outlet. A planned sale of KGBS-AM-FM in 1969 for $1.8 million plus a non-compete clause ultimately fell through.

In 1969, Storer attempted merging Northeast into Northwest Orient Airlines; however, the CAB rejected proposals allowing retention of key Florida routes under this merger. Ultimately, Northeast was merged into Delta Air Lines in 1971, making Storer Delta’s largest shareholder. By 1976, the airline-leasing subsidiary was sold to Delta for $12 million.

Boston Bruins and Garden ownership

On December 7, 1972, Storer merged with the Boston Garden-Arena Corporation, which owned both the Boston Bruins and the Boston Garden, in a stock transaction valued between $16 and $17 million. This merger complemented WSBK-TV's extensive coverage of the Bruins. Prior to this, George Storer had invested in sports ventures such as the Miami Marlins and held minority shares in the Detroit Lions, harboring aspirations for an NFL franchise. Meanwhile, Robert Schmertz, proprietor of the Boston Celtics and New England Whalers, opposed Storer's acquisition due to concerns over media dominance, even threatening to move Celtics games when lease negotiations arose.

After five decades, the Boston Garden exhibited signs of deterioration, notably lacking air conditioning despite frequent usage. Both officials and tenants advocated for a new arena; however, expenses escalated from an initial $18–20 million to $28 million following a change in location. Renovation costs were estimated at $12 million, which Storer declined to finance, citing insufficient returns. In 1973, Peter Storer succeeded George as president and regarded the cost of a new arena as prohibitive. Under mounting criticism, Peter listed the Garden for sale in June 1974, seeking "...parties who feel that they can better serve the needs of Greater Boston."

Boston Globe columnist Leigh Montville criticized Peter Storer for prioritizing profitability over community interests, highlighting a business-first approach.

Negotiations recommenced in July 1975 following a lackluster Bruins season and declining ratings for WSBK; the television contract was extended through 1978. By August 1975, Delaware North and chairman Jeremy Jacobs reached an agreement to purchase both the team and arena for an undisclosed amount. George Storer passed away on November 4, 1975, with Bill Michaels succeeding him as chairman.

Pivoting towards cable

Storer entered the cable television market by acquiring its first system in September 1963 located in Thousand Oaks, California. Unlike many competitors who focused on building systems from scratch, Storer favored purchasing franchises and expanding existing cable infrastructures. Throughout the 1960s, expansion continued across California and by 1970 extended into Sarasota, Florida. By 1971, Storer serviced approximately 57,000 subscribers across its franchise holdings. Due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restrictions limiting cable growth in major metropolitan areas, Storer concentrated on smaller markets as supplemental "fill-in" services to grow its subscriber base. The FCC's encouragement of local programming proved advantageous for Storer. By 1975, advances in satellite technology combined with more favorable FCC regulations accelerated cable network distribution. Under Peter Storer’s leadership as president, the company adopted a more assertive posture regarding cable’s financial prospects compared to George Storer’s previously cautious approach.

By 1977, Storer's cable division had expanded to serve over 200,000 subscribers across five states, representing 15% of total revenue; within a year this increased to 300,000 subscribers spanning nine states and contributing 22% of revenue. A $55 million bid was made by Storer to acquire Viacom mainly for its cable systems segment; although rejected, this marked a strategic shift toward broadcast-related acquisitions. The company’s divestiture of Northeast operations along with the Boston Bruins alleviated debt burdens and bolstered cash reserves. Radio assets were also trimmed through profitable sales including WJW in 1977 for $2.5 million and WDEE in 1973 for $4.2 million.

In March 1973, Storer purchased KCST (channel 39) in San Diego for $12 million—its seventh television station—reaching FCC ownership limits. KCST became San Diego's ABC affiliate following an FCC-mandated network realignment but lost this affiliation to KGTV in 1977. Subsequently, Storer switched WITI from ABC to CBS while affiliating KCST with NBC.

By December 1978, plans were announced to divest remaining radio stations such as WLYF in Miami and WLAK in Chicago due to changing market conditions and a strategic focus on cable growth. The board approved a $100 million capital infusion into cable operations. Stations like KTNQ (formerly KGBS), requiring substantial investment to remain competitive, were sold along with other radio properties including WGBS and WHN through multimillion-dollar transactions between 1978 and 1979. Due to FCC ownership regulations, WLAK was sold to Viacom in 1981.

Operational control transitioned from Bill Michaels to Peter Storer on January 1, 1980; Michaels retired fully by April 1982 when Peter assumed chairmanship. The enterprise rebranded as Storer Communications, Inc. on January 1, 1983 with a new stock ticker (SCI) and relocated headquarters to North Miami. By 1985, Storer owned seven television stations and operated cable franchises serving approximately 500 communities across eighteen states with a subscriber base of 1.5 million—ranking it as the nation’s fourth-largest cable operator.

This rapid expansion required capital expenditures exceeding $1.2 billion over five years as Storer aggressively acquired franchises to preempt competitors despite initial unprofitability. Losses amounted to $39.6 million in 1983, $17.3 million in 1984, and $5.7 million during early 1985—all attributed primarily to heavy investment in cable infrastructure development.

Proxy Contest and Privatization by KKR

In April 1985, a proxy contest unfolded when Coniston Partners, under the leadership of activist investor Paul E. Tierney, secured enough shares to claim four seats on the board and advocated for company liquidation. During this period, Comcast and Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI) expressed interest in acquiring the cable operations. The incumbent board responded with full-page advertisements urging shareholders to reject Coniston’s proposal. Storer initially intended to repurchase up to six million of its 16.4 million outstanding shares to diminish Coniston's influence but ultimately agreed to a $1.6 billion leveraged buyout from Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR), delivering immediate liquidity to shareholders.

Peter Storer retained his role as chairman, albeit with a reduced 7.2% ownership, as Storer was integrated into KKR’s SCI Holdings. Although not formally designated as a "poison pill," this strategy effectively discouraged Comcast and other potential acquirers. The buyout considerably increased the company's debt burden; Terry Lee later condemned Coniston’s approach as nearly unethical. Storer stepped down from his chairman role in January 1986, succeeded by Lee, and voiced regret regarding the company’s privatization.

KKR’s takeover followed its recent privatization of Wometco Enterprises, which was in the process of being dismantled. Compliance with FCC cross-ownership regulations required KKR to divest certain broadcast stations and cable systems within 18 months, including Miami’s WTVJ and others that overlapped with existing holdings. KKR attempted to sell WTVJ and Storer stations to Lorimar-Telepictures for $1.85 billion; however, opposition from CBS chairman Laurence Tisch—who threatened competitive retaliation—resulted in the deal’s collapse.

WTVJ was subsequently sold to NBC, while WTVG was spun off to an entity led by Terry Lee. Following the sale, Lee resigned and was replaced by Kenneth Bagwell.

Dissolution and Breakup

SCI Holdings, which controlled Storer Cable, was placed on the market in 1987; however, debt covenants stemming from the leveraged buyout prevented a straightforward asset sale. The cable division was sold through a $1.7 billion all-stock transaction to rival operators including Comcast, TCI, and ATC (Time Inc.’s cable arm), maintaining Storer Cable as a nominally distinct entity within the partnership. After the transaction, Michael Tallent succeeded Bagwell as president of Storer before departing for Comcast in 1991; William Whelan then assumed leadership. The company was anticipated to be dismantled and was described as "not pursuing acquisitions." In September 1992, TCI and Comcast jointly acquired Storer Cable from the partnership and divided franchises according to geographic proximity to their regional offices. By late 1993, the Storer brand was phased out in favor of TCI or Comcast branding.

In April 1987, George N. Gillett Jr. gained majority ownership of Storer's television stations—renamed SCI Television—financed through junk bond issuance prior to Black Monday, resulting in a debt-to-earnings ratio of approximately 10:1. This acquisition included syndication and sales divisions as well as a Washington D.C. news bureau. Despite speculation about asset sales, only Nashville’s WSMV-TV was divested. Financial difficulties persisted when Gillett Holdings missed a loan payment in October 1989. A restructuring in 1990 reduced Gillett’s stake in SCI to 41%, followed by a Chapter 11 reorganization in 1992 that transferred majority control to bondholders. In February 1993, investor Ronald Perelman acquired controlling interest in SCI for $100 million, displacing Gillett.

Perelman merged SCI with New World Entertainment to create New World Communications. Following News Corporation’s $500 million investment in May 1994, a significant affiliation agreement with Fox was established, prompting most former Storer stations—including WBRC-TV—to switch their network affiliation to Fox between 1994 and 1996. Separately, WTVG was sold for $155 million to Capital Cities/ABC and remained an ABC-owned station until 2011. In 1996, News Corp completed its acquisition of New World, further consolidating its portfolio of broadcast stations.

Former Stations

• Stations are organized alphabetically by state and their city of license.
• Stations established and launched by Fort Industry or Storer are identified with two bold asterisks (**) following their call signs.

Stations once owned by Fort Industry and/or Storer Broadcasting

Media market	State/Prov.	Station	Acquisition Year	Divestiture Year	Remarks
Birmingham	Alabama	WBRC	1953	1957
		WBRC-FM	1953	1957
		WBRC-TV	1953	1957
Los Angeles	California	KTNQ	1959	1979	Known as KGBS from 1959 until 1976.
		KGBS-FM	1966	1979	Renamed KHTZ starting in 1978.
San Diego		KCST-TV	1974	1987
Miami–Fort Lauderdale	Florida	WGBS	1944	1979
		WGBS-FM **	1948	1971	Operated as WJHR between 1969 and 1971.
		WGBS-TV	1954	1967
		WLYF	1978	1979
Atlanta	Georgia	WAGA	1940	1959
		WAGA-FM **	1948	1959
		WAGA-TV **	1949	1987
Chicago	Illinois	WLAK	1978	1981
Boston	Massachusetts	WSBK-TV	1966	1987
Detroit	Michigan	WGHP	1928	1930
		WJBK	1947	1973	Known as WDEE from 1969 to 1973.
		WJBK-FM **	1947	1971	Carried the call letters WDEE-FM from 1969 to 1971.
		WJBK-TV **	1948	1987
New York City	New York	WHN	1962	1979
Cincinnati	Ohio	WSAI	1951	1953
		WSAI-FM	1951	1953
Cleveland		WJW	1954	1977
		WJW-FM	1954	1971	Identified as WCJW between 1968 and 1971.
		WJW-TV	1954	1987	Previously known as WXEL before 1956 and WJKW-TV from 1977 to 1985.
Lima		WLOK	1938	1951
		WLOK-FM **	1948	1951
Toledo		WSPD	1928	1979
		WSPD-FM **	1946	1971
		WTVG **	1948	1987	Known as WSPD-TV from its inception in 1948 until 1979.
Zanesville		WHIZ	1939	1947