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Holden Adventra

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Holden
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1856; 170 years ago (1856)
Defunct2021 (2021)
FateBrand retired
Headquarters
Australia
,
Australia
ProductsAutomobiles
OwnerGeneral Motors

The Holden Commodore was manufactured by the Australian company Holden from 1978 until 2020, with domestic production concluding in October 2017. The initial models (1978–2006) utilized the Opel-engineered GM V-body rear-wheel drive platform, which Holden modified and reinforced to suit Australian market requirements. These vehicles exhibited design elements similar to the Opel Commodore C, as well as later Opel Omega and Vauxhall Carlton models.

Between 2006 and 2017, the fourth generation VE and VF Commodores were fully developed internally by Holden, built on the Holden-created rear-wheel drive GM Zeta platform. From 2018 through 2020, Holden marketed a rebadged front-wheel/all-wheel drive Opel Insignia produced in Germany as the ZB Commodore. The Commodore nameplate was retired in late 2020 alongside the discontinuation of the Holden brand.

History

The Commodore succeeded the long-standing Holden Kingswood and Holden Premier models. Originally introduced solely as a sedan, the lineup expanded in 1979 to include a station wagon. Starting in 1984, Holden designated its premium model as the Holden Calais, while the Commodore Berlina gained separate Holden Berlina branding in 1988. Extended wheelbase versions under the Statesman/Caprice nameplate and utility variants of the Commodore appeared in 1990. The third generation offered the widest variety of body styles, including the Holden Ute launched in 2000, the revived Monaro coupé in 2001, a four-door Holden Crewman utility, and the all-wheel drive Holden Adventra crossover introduced in 2003. Since 1987, high-performance versions of the Commodore have been officially enhanced by Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) under their own branding.

Its main rival was the domestically produced Ford Falcon. Prior to the release of the second generation Commodore in 1988, Holden marketed it as a smaller class alternative to the full-size Falcon. Additional competition came from mid-size offerings by Toyota Australia and Mitsubishi Motors Australia. Government policy between 1989 and 1997 resulted in the Toyota Lexcen, essentially a rebadged second generation Commodore. The third generation, introduced in 1997, represented Holden’s most extensive export initiative for the Commodore and its derivatives. In markets such as the Middle East and South Africa, it was sold under the Chevrolet badge, while high-performance variants were exported to North America as Pontiac and subsequently Chevrolet models. Exports of HSV-branded vehicles included sales in the UK under Vauxhall, Chevrolet Special Vehicles (CSV) in the Middle East, and HSV models also reached New Zealand and Singapore.

In December 2013, Holden announced plans to end local manufacturing by October 2017 but intended to continue using the Commodore name for its fifth-generation model, which would be fully imported and built on a front-wheel drive (FWD)/all-wheel drive (AWD) architecture.

On 10 December 2019, Holden revealed that it would retire the Commodore nameplate during 2020 to concentrate on SUVs and Utes, which comprised over 76% of their sales mix in 2019. This decision marked the conclusion of a 41-year legacy for the Commodore. Subsequently, on 17 February 2020, General Motors confirmed that it would phase out the Holden brand entirely from Australia and New Zealand by 2021.

VB (1978–1980)

Launched in October 1978, the VB Commodore emerged during the lingering effects of the 1973 oil crisis. Holden sought to replace the large HZ Kingswood with a more compact and fuel-efficient vehicle. Initially intending to develop a successor to the WA Kingswood, Holden shifted direction and instead utilized Opel's designs—the four-cylinder Rekord E body combined with the front styling of the Opel Senator A—both built on GM's V-body platform. This configuration allowed for accommodation of Holden’s larger six- and eight-cylinder engines and introduced the "Commodore" name derived from Opel.

During development, it became evident that the Opel Rekord’s chassis was not suited for Australian road conditions, necessitating substantial re-engineering that reduced shared components to 35%. Significant alterations included replacing the Rekord’s MacPherson strut front suspension with a modified design and switching from recirculating ball steering to rack-and-pinion. These modifications drove development expenses to around AUD 110 million, nearly matching the cost of an entirely new domestic model. Due to budget limitations, Holden initially offered only a sedan, available in base, SL, and SL/E trims. A wagon followed in July 1979 but featured imported sheet metal and differed structurally from the sedan.

Initial quality challenges such as ill-fitting trim, water pump failures, and steering rack noise led to elevated warranty claims. Nevertheless, the VB earned acclaim for its value proposition, particularly regarding steering precision, handling, braking performance, and ride comfort, securing the Wheels Car of the Year accolade in 1978.

The VB maintained 96% of the interior volume of its predecessor, the Kingswood, while reducing exterior dimensions to 86%, situating it below both the Kingswood and Ford Falcon in size classification but delivering improved fuel efficiency due to lighter weight. This reduction initially impacted fleet and taxi sales negatively because of perceptions about its smaller size and higher price point. However, following the 1979 energy crisis and a 140% surge in Australian petrol prices, consumer preference shifted towards smaller vehicles—a trend that favored Holden’s Commodore.

VC (1980–1981)

Released in March 1980, the VC Commodore introduced the "XT5" engine revision, featuring blue-painted Blue straight-six and V8 engines replacing the earlier Red series. Upgrades encompassed a new twelve-port cylinder head design, reworked combustion chambers, redesigned inlet and exhaust manifolds, along with a two-barrel carburettor. The V8 variants received electronic ignition systems, updated heads and manifolds, and a four-barrel carburettor on the 4.2-litre model, enhancing power output, fuel efficiency, and drivability.

Responding to escalating fuel costs, Holden introduced a 1.9-litre four-cylinder Starfire engine in June 1980. This unit was derived by removing two cylinders from the six-cylinder engine architecture and delivered 58 kW power with 140 Nm torque; however, it sacrificed performance and real-world fuel economy remained comparable to the six-cylinder engines due to higher engine speeds required.

To emphasize fuel economy priorities, tachometers were replaced by vacuum gauges throughout most models; an optional sports instrumentation package reinstated the tachometer for enthusiasts. Exterior revisions included repositioning the corporate emblem to the grille center, adding black trim around sedan tail lamp surrounds, and embossing model identification on side rubbing strips. The base variant was renamed Commodore L while a simplified delete option was made available exclusively for fleet buyers.

The high-end SL/E trim featured an exclusive "Shadowtone" dark-over-light paint scheme. Steering adjustments resulted in a heavier feel with increased understeer tendencies; suspension tuning was softened to improve ride comfort and handling when carrying full loads.

VH (1981–1984)

Introduced in September 1981, the VH series Commodore showcased a refreshed front-end design, including a redesigned bonnet, front fenders, a grille with horizontal slats, and recontoured headlamps. Sedans were fitted with louvered taillight assemblies inspired by contemporary Mercedes-Benz styling. The model lineup was simplified: the SL replaced the L as the entry-level trim, the previous SL became the mid-tier SL/X, and the SL/E retained its position as the premium variant; wagon models were offered exclusively in SL and SL/X trims. Enhancements to the SL/E included new pentagonal alloy wheels, blacked-out B-pillars, chrome extensions on the rear bumper, and lengthened tail lamps that extended to meet the license plate recess. Early production of these pentagonal wheels was limited to SL/E sedans featuring the Shadowtone option.

From a mechanical standpoint, the VH maintained much of its predecessor’s specifications but introduced an optional five-speed manual gearbox for both the 1.9-litre four-cylinder and 2.85-litre six-cylinder engines. Holden improved these four- and six-cylinder powertrains to boost fuel efficiency by up to 14%, addressing earlier concerns regarding fuel consumption and throttle responsiveness. In September 1982, Holden brought back the sporty Commodore SS sedan equipped with either a 4.2-litre or an optional 5.0-litre V8 engine paired with a four-speed manual transmission. The Holden Dealer Team (HDT), under racing driver Peter Brock’s leadership, developed three enhanced SS variants—Group One, Two, and Three—with Group Three offered in both V8 engine sizes.

By the time the VH series was released, Commodore sales were declining due to its outdated six-cylinder engine architecture dating back to 1963, which was falling behind competing models. Despite its compact dimensions, the VH did not deliver notable improvements in fuel economy or performance compared to Ford Falcon rivals. The launch of Holden’s Camira in 1982, which provided comparable interior space with superior fuel economy at a lower price point, initially diverted customers away from the Commodore. However, as fuel prices stabilized, consumer demand shifted back toward larger vehicles like the Falcon, which overtook the Commodore as Australia’s top-selling car in 1982.

VK (1984–1986)

The 1984 VK update represented the first major revision since the VB model and introduced a six-window glasshouse design that visually enlarged the Commodore and contributed to sales reaching 135,000 units over two years. Nevertheless, Holden encountered financial difficulties as sales of its initially popular Camira declined due to quality problems, while its aging WB commercial and Statesman WB luxury models—both dating back to 1971—were outpaced by Ford Australia's more contemporary Falcon and Fairlane ranges.

The trim structure was revised with new designations: Commodore Executive (an SL equipped with air conditioning and automatic transmission), Commodore Berlina (replacing SL/X), and Calais (replacing SL/E). The previous 3.3-litre Blue straight-six engine was superseded by the Black engine featuring computer-controlled ignition and optional electronic fuel injection, enhancing output to . The high-specification models retained the 5.0-litre V8 but reduced displacement from 5,044 cc to 4,987 cc in 1985 to meet Group A racing homologation standards. The VK was lighter by compared to its predecessor and featured upgraded braking components. With oil prices stabilizing, Holden discontinued both the 2.85-litre six-cylinder and 4.2-litre V8 engines; meanwhile, the 1.9-litre four-cylinder remained available solely in New Zealand markets.

VL (1986–1988)

The 1986 VL Commodore achieved a sales milestone by surpassing the Ford Falcon in private buyer numbers. It represented a significant overhaul of the VK model and was the final mid-size Commodore produced for three decades. Designers departed from the Opel-inspired styling, opting for smoother contours and incorporating a discreet rear spoiler. The front end was redesigned with slimmer headlamps and a reduced-height grille; the Calais variant featured distinctive, partially hidden headlights.

Holden replaced its outdated six-cylinder engine by collaborating with Nissan to import the RB30E unit, resulting in a 33% power increase and a 15% improvement in fuel efficiency compared to its predecessor. Despite initial concerns about costs due to currency fluctuations, this upgrade was well received by consumers. Six months after launch, a turbocharged version delivering was introduced. In October 1986, responding to customer demand, an unleaded V8 option was added despite earlier intentions to discontinue it. Export markets such as New Zealand and Southeast Asia also received the 2.0-litre RB20E six-cylinder engine.

Common problems included inadequate windshield sealing that led to corrosion and a tendency for cylinder heads to crack due to radiator design differences from the Nissan Skyline’s RB30E engine. According to the 2008 Used Car Safety Ratings, first-generation Commodores (VB–VL) provided below-average occupant protection relative to later models equipped with airbags, which were not yet standard in Australian vehicles at that time.

VN (1988–1991)

The 1988 VN Commodore and subsequent second-generation models adopted body panels derived from the larger Opel Senator B and Opel Omega A, but with an expanded and lengthened floorpan designed to match the size of the competing Ford Falcon. Due to budget constraints, Holden retained narrow VL chassis components to minimize development expenses. In the Australian market, the Berlina model dropped the Commodore name, while in New Zealand locally assembled V6 Berlina variants were marketed as Executive until 1990. The lineup grew in 1990 with the addition of a utility model designated VG, built on a longer wheelbase shared with both the station wagon and luxury VQ Statesman sedans. During this period, quality issues faced by the rival Ford EA Falcon enhanced Holden’s competitive standing. This contributed to Holden reporting an operating profit of in 1989. The VN also earned Wheels magazine’s Car of the Year accolade in 1988, marking it as the second Commodore generation to receive this honor.

Fluctuations in currency values rendered continued use of Nissan engines unfeasible; therefore, Holden engineered its own 3.8-litre V6 engine based on a Buick design modified for rear-wheel drive applications. The 5.0-litre V8 engine remained an option, now delivering improved output through multi-point fuel injection. The newly developed V6 was recognized for balancing performance with fuel economy despite some lack of refinement. In export markets such as New Zealand and Singapore—where it was sold as Berlina—a 2.0-litre Family II engine was also available. Transmission improvements included replacing the VL’s four-speed automatic with a Turbo-Hydramatic unit and introducing a Borg-Warner five-speed manual gearbox. A Series II revision launched in September 1989 featured an updated EV6 V6 engine with power increased to .

As part of the Hawke Labor government's 1989 Button car plan reforms, Holden entered into the United Australian Automobile Industries joint venture with Toyota Australia, resulting in badge-engineered versions of the VN Commodore marketed as the Toyota Lexcen. The initial T1 Lexcen was offered in sedan and station wagon forms across three trim levels—base, GL, and GLX—all powered exclusively by a 3.8-litre V6 paired with automatic transmission.

VP (1991–1993)

The 1991 VP revision introduced both aesthetic and functional enhancements, maintaining the 3.8-litre V6 and 5.0-litre V8 engine options from the VN series, while eliminating the 2.0-litre straight-four engine that had been available in New Zealand. Exterior modifications included a translucent acrylic grille for base Executive and Berlina variants, colour-matched grilles on S and SS models, and chrome finishes reserved for the Calais. Tail lights and boot trims were updated according to trim level, with Berlina featuring grey accents and Calais receiving chrome detailing. Semi-trailing arm independent rear suspension became standard equipment on Calais and SS trims, and was offered as an option on lower specifications, replacing the traditional live rear axle to improve handling and ride quality.

To resolve earlier chassis concerns, the front track was widened. Starting August 1992, anti-lock brakes became an optional feature on Calais and SS models, later becoming available across all Series II variants. The January 1993 update introduced colour-matched grilles for Executive models and alloy wheels for the Commodore S.

Toyota’s Lexcen model followed the Commodore’s update timeline, with the T2 (VP) Lexcen debuting new trim levels: CSi, VXi, and Newport. These trim designations persisted through subsequent updates until the cessation of badge engineering in 1997. From the VP generation forward, Lexcens displayed unique front-end styling to distinguish them from their Commodore counterparts.

VR (1993–1995)

The 1993 VR Commodore represented a substantial redesign of the second-generation platform, with approximately 80% of the vehicle reworked while retaining only the doors and roof. Exterior changes included smoother contours, rounded wheel arches, and the signature "twin-kidney" grille—a defining feature of Commodore design until production concluded in 2003.

Safety improvements encompassed elevated tail lights and the introduction of a driver’s side airbag option—the first offered in an Australian-manufactured vehicle. Anti-lock brakes and independent rear suspension were exclusively available alongside the new electronic GM 4L60-E automatic transmission. These features, combined with cruise control, were packaged within the Acclaim trim level, which aimed to enhance family safety beyond what was offered in the base Executive model. Updated VR/VS variants demonstrated superior occupant protection compared to earlier VN/VP models. The Series II refresh in September 1994 added audible alerts for handbrake engagement and fuel level warnings among other enhancements.

Beneath the hood, the VR incorporated an upgraded Buick 3.8-litre V6 engine featuring rolling-element bearings in valve rocker arms along with higher compression ratios, resulting in increased power output while minimizing noise and vibration. The VR Commodore was honoured with Wheels magazine’s Car of the Year award in 1993.

VS (1995–1997)

The 1995 VS Commodore served as a mechanical refinement of the VR model aimed at sustaining market interest until the introduction of the all-new VT series. Exterior alterations were subtle, limited to a redesigned Holden emblem and updated wheel trims. The revised Ecotec iteration of the Buick V6 produced 13% more power at , achieved a 5% reduction in fuel usage, increased compression ratio to 9.4:1, and delivered smoother engine operation. This powerplant was paired with a tweaked GM 4L60-E automatic transmission that improved throttle response and shift quality. The June 1996 Series II update introduced elliptical side indicators, interior enhancements, a supercharged V6 rated at , positioned between standard V6 and V8 outputs, along with a new Getrag manual gearbox.

The VS Commodore marked the conclusion of Holden’s model-sharing arrangement with Toyota; production of the Toyota Lexcen ceased after 1997. In New Zealand, this generation was marketed as the VS Commodore Royale, combining a standard VS body with the front fascia from the VS Caprice, powered by an Opel 2.6-litre 54-Degree V6 unit. Limited quantities of Royales were also exported to Malaysia and Singapore under the Opel Calais nameplate between 1995 and 1997.

VT (1997–2000)

The 1997 VT Commodore was developed from the Opel Omega B platform, modified specifically for Australian driving conditions with broader body panels and mechanical adjustments. Initially, Holden contemplated utilizing the Omega design with minimal changes beyond powertrains and transmissions, while also considering updates to the existing VR/VS models.[1] The VT's body structure later served as the foundation for a new series of Statesman and Caprice variants based on extended-wheelbase wagons,[2] as well as the revival of the iconic Monaro coupe, which was previewed with a prototype at the 1998 Sydney Motor Show.[3]

Standard across all VT models was the introduction of semi-trailing arm independent rear suspension, a notable advantage over the Ford Falcon,[4] along with upgraded electronic features including Traction Control. However, Holden simplified the original Opel suspension by eliminating toe control links,[2] which resulted in increased tyre wear during heavy loads due to camber and toe distortion in the suspension.

Holden Special Vehicles reinstated the toe control link on its flagship HSV GTS 300.[2] The Series II update in 1999 saw the replacement of the Holden 5.0-litre V8 with a new 5.7-litre Generation III LS1 V8 sourced from the United States,[2] initially detuned to , with power later raised to before being replaced by the Generation 4 engine in the subsequent VZ model.[5] The supercharged V6 engine was also upgraded to .[6] Side airbags were introduced as an option on Acclaim and higher trims, representing a first for Holden.[7]

General Motors had initially planned to produce a left-hand drive Commodore variant for its Buick brand, as demonstrated by the Buick XP2000 concept car in 1996,[8] but this project was discontinued due to union opposition. Despite this, left-hand drive Commodores were exported to regions including Indochina, the Middle East, South Africa (marketed as Chevrolet Lumina), and Brazil (sold as Chevrolet Omega).[9][10] The VT secured the Wheels Car of the Year accolade in 1997, becoming Holden's best-selling Commodore model at that time and maintaining its status as Australia's leading car in sales.[2]

The lineup consisted of several trims: Commodore Executive aimed at base and fleet buyers; Acclaim focused on family use and safety; Berlina catered to luxury preferences; and Calais offered sport luxury exclusively as a sedan. Special editions included a "Sydney 2000" Olympic-themed version and a Holden 50th Anniversary edition based on upgraded Executive models.

VX (2000–2002)

The 2000 VX model introduced updated headlamp styling and replaced the VT's single rear tail lamp panel with two distinct light units. However, the premium Berlina and Calais sedans continued to feature a full-width boot-lid panel that incorporated both the registration plate and tail lamps.[11]

This series also marked the debut of the VU-series Holden Ute, which succeeded the previous "Commodore utility" variants.[12] Early in 2002, the Series II update introduced a redesigned rear suspension featuring toe control links to resolve issues found in the VT.[13]

A significant highlight of the VX platform was its use for the revived Holden Monaro, facilitating exports to the United States where it was marketed as the Pontiac GTO.[10]

Safety improvements were extensive: Bosch 5.3 ABS became standard equipment across all models—an Australian industry first—and traction control was added for manual transmission variants. Structural reinforcements to the B-pillars cut the risk of side-impact injuries by half compared to the VT without side airbags.[14]

VY (2002–2004)

The 2002 VY mid-cycle refresh represented the first substantial design overhaul since the 1997 VT. The previous rounded front and rear contours seen on the VT and VX were replaced with sharper, more aggressive angular lines.[15] Inside, the dashboard transitioned from flowing curves to a more geometric and symmetrical layout. Satin chrome plastic became prominent on the centre console, while top-tier models gained fold-out cup holders sourced from GM’s subsidiary Saab.[16] Additionally, Holden switched audio system suppliers from Eurovox to German brand Blaupunkt, maintaining this relationship until the brand's conclusion.[17]

Mechanical updates were relatively minor, including recalibrated steering and suspension for enhanced handling precision. Power output of the Generation III V8 was increased in sports versions.[18] To appeal to budget-conscious performance buyers, Holden launched the SV8 trim based on the Executive but fitted with the SS’s V8 engine, omitting luxury features to reduce cost.[19] A limited production SS wagon was also introduced, with just 850 units manufactured.[20] The Series II update added a front strut bar to the SS model to enhance chassis rigidity and boosted V8 output further.[21] Minor alterations in wheels, trim, and decals were applied across other variants; notably, the Calais repositioned itself as a sport-luxury offering while Berlina became Holden’s principal luxury sedan beneath it.[22]

Coinciding with the release of VY II was Holden’s inaugural four-door utility vehicle—the Holden Crewman—which combined elements from the Statesman/Caprice, One tonner, and two-door Ute.[23]

In 2003, Holden allocated funds to develop an all-wheel-drive system named Cross Trac for use on the VY platform.[24] This technology was first implemented in the Holden Adventra—a raised VY wagon crossover powered exclusively by a V8 engine paired with an automatic transmission. Due to its imminent replacement in the VZ model, AWD was not adapted for the outgoing 3.8-litre V6 engine. Despite modest sales expectations, Adventra failed to meet commercial targets.[25]

VZ (2004–2007)

The concluding model of the third-generation Commodore lineup was the VZ, introduced in 2004 featuring the new Alloytec V6 powerplants. Available in and configurations of the 3.6-litre V6, these engines delivered enhancements in power output, throttle response, and fuel efficiency compared to the preceding Ecotec series.[26] Subsequent VE models further boosted power to .<ref> Luxury V6 variants were equipped with a five-speed 5L40E automatic transmission, while the SV6 sports edition received a six-speed Aisin AY6 manual gearbox.[27] Other trim levels retained an improved four-speed automatic transmission designed for smoother operation. In January 2006, a 6.0-litre Generation 4 V8 was introduced to comply with Euro III emissions standards; this engine lacked Active Fuel Management and variable valve timing features found in its North American counterpart.[5] Emission regulations also necessitated a reduction in the Alloytec V6's maximum power to .<ref>

In addition to powertrain enhancements, Holden incorporated safety technologies such as electronic stability control and brake assist.[27] According to Used Car Safety Ratings, VT/VX Commodores achieved occupant protection ratings classified as "better than average," with VY/VZ models rated "significantly better than average".[28] Although ANCAP crash testing assigned slightly lower offset frontal impact scores to the fourth-generation VE compared to the VY/VZ, overall safety ratings improved due to superior side impact protection.<ref><ref>

VE (2006–2013)

Debuting in 2006, the VE Commodore represented the first model developed entirely within Australia, departing from previous adaptations of Opel platforms. Development expenditures reportedly surpassed . Constructed on Holden’s proprietary GM Zeta platform, it incorporated sophisticated independent suspension systems and achieved an almost perfect 50:50 weight distribution, significantly enhancing driving dynamics. While most engines and transmissions were carried over from the VZ, V8 models adopted a new six-speed GM 6L80-E automatic transmission, replacing the older four-speed unit.

The design incorporated features facilitating international export, such as a symmetrical centre console adaptable for both left- and right-hand drive markets. The VE was marketed overseas under different badges including the Chevrolet Lumina, Chevrolet Omega, and in the United States as the Pontiac G8 until Pontiac ceased operations in 2010.

Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) promptly released performance-oriented variants following the sedan’s debut, alongside extended wheelbase WM Statesman/Caprice luxury models. Production of the VE Ute commenced in 2007, followed by the Sportwagon launch in July 2008. The VE V8 Calais earned Wheels Car of the Year honors, marking the fifth instance a Commodore or Calais received this distinction.

By late 2008, updates introduced included a passenger seatbelt reminder system that contributed to the VE range achieving five-star ANCAP safety ratings by 2009.

The MY10 update released in September 2009 brought a new standard engine: a 3.0-litre Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) V6 for Omega and Berlina trims, while other variants retained a 3.6-litre SIDI V6. A six-speed GM 6L50 automatic replaced previous four- and five-speed transmissions, with a six-speed manual still available on sportier models. Holden reported enhanced fuel efficiency with the new units; specifically, the 3.0L engine was rated at , generating , exceeding outputs from both the former 3.6L and older 5.0L V8 engines. The revised 3.6L produced , though practical performance differences were slight.

In mid-2010, Holden launched the VE Series II (VEII), which introduced the Holden iQ system—a centrally positioned LCD screen providing navigation functions, Bluetooth connectivity, and audio controls—alongside minor exterior refreshes and additional improvements.

VF (2013–2017)

The VF Commodore, representing a major evolution of the VE model, was introduced on 10 February 2013 in Melbourne.

Extensive modifications were made to the GM Zeta platform’s body structure, suspension system, and electrical components to reduce overall weight, thereby improving both handling dynamics and fuel economy. The vehicle range underwent changes as the Berlina badge was discontinued—absorbed into the Calais trim due to poor sales—and the entry-level Omega was renamed Evoke.

Features such as front and rear parking sensors, a reversing camera, and automatic parking assist became standard throughout the lineup. Higher-end variants like the Calais-V and SS-V Redline incorporated advanced safety technologies including forward and reverse collision warnings alongside a colour heads-up display. These enhancements were facilitated by upgraded electronics compatible with sophisticated GM systems, which also contributed to lower production costs. As a result, retail pricing saw notable reductions—up to for base models and for Calais V V8 and SS V Redline trims.

After its Australian release, an improved export version called the MY14 Chevrolet SS was launched at Daytona, targeting the US market. To increase exposure, GM replaced the Chevrolet Impala with the SS in NASCAR’s top-tier series through 2017 before transitioning to the Camaro ZL1 in 2018.

The Series II update introduced in late 2015 (VF II) featured modest front-end styling tweaks and upgraded all V8 engines to the LS3 specification. Additionally, the final drive ratio for V8 models was modified and the Redline suspension retuned to enhance driving performance.

ZB (2018–2020)

In 2017, Holden declared the cessation of Commodore production in Australia but confirmed that the model would persist as a fully imported vehicle. This approach aimed to maintain customer loyalty by preserving the iconic Australian nameplate introduced in 1978.

The ZB Commodore, unveiled on 6 December 2016, was essentially a rebadged Opel Insignia B, available with four- or six-cylinder powertrains and either front-wheel or all-wheel drive configurations—signifying a departure from the prior generation’s V8 engines and rear-wheel drive setup.

Holden encountered criticism for retaining the Commodore name despite downsizing and abandoning traditional rear-wheel drive and V8 characteristics. Although intended to sustain sales volumes, this strategy was viewed as a missed chance to reposition the vehicle within a semi-premium market segment.

By April 2018, the ZB Commodore had registered the lowest resale value relative to its original price among vehicles in Australia.

Owing to poor sales performance and a strategic shift focusing on other market segments, Holden announced on 10 December 2019 that production of the ZB Commodore would end in early 2020, shortly before General Motors discontinued the Holden brand altogether.

Australian export models

During the late 1990s, Australian-built Commodores were exported under various names: marketed as the Chevrolet Lumina in Middle Eastern countries until 2011 and South Africa until 2013; sold as the Chevrolet Omega in Brazil until 2008 and again in 2010; distributed in Southeast Asia during the mid-1990s under the Opel Calais badge; and offered in North America from 2008 to 2009 as the Pontiac G8. The high-performance HSV variant was available in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall VXR8 from 2007 through 2017. Between 2014 and 2017, the VF Commodore was marketed in the United States under the Chevrolet SS nameplate.

Chevrolet Lumina

The Commodore was marketed under the Chevrolet Lumina nameplate in regions such as the Middle East, South Africa, and formerly Southeast Asia. Additionally, a coupe variant derived from the Holden Monaro was available in the Middle East as the Chevrolet Lumina Coupe. In Arabian markets, the lineup included trims like LS (Omega), LTZ (Berlina), S (SV6), and SS. The LTZ and S models were equipped with a 3.6 L Alloytec V6 engine, paired with a four-speed automatic transmission for the LTZ and a six-speed automatic for the S. Meanwhile, the SS featured a 6.0 L Alloytec V8 engine, offering optional active fuel management and available with either six-speed manual or automatic gearboxes. The LTZ trim catered to luxury-oriented customers, whereas the S and SS variants emphasized performance characteristics. Exports to the Middle Eastern market concluded in 2011.

In South Africa, the Lumina lineup omitted the V6 option, instead offering a 6.0 L V8 engine coupled with either six-speed manual or automatic transmissions. The fuel-injected engine featured a compression ratio of 10.4:1, delivering up to at 5,700 rpm and torque at 4,400 rpm for manual versions; automatic variants produced at 5,800 rpm alongside torque at 4,400 rpm. All models came standard with Brembo braking systems and ZF limited-slip differentials. The 2011 facelift coincided with the VE Series II Commodore release and introduced updated bumpers, chrome trim on the boot lid, redesigned alloy wheels, the Holden IQ infotainment system, and the addition of the SSV model. The Holden Ute was marketed as the Lumina Ute in South Africa, featuring comparable specifications.

Australian production

The initial Australian manufacturing of the first Commodore began in 1978 at Holden’s facilities located in Pagewood (New South Wales) and Dandenong (Victoria). That August, Holden revealed plans for a $6.7 million investment to facilitate assembly of Commodore vehicles at their Elizabeth plant in South Australia. This development led to the closure of the Pagewood plant by late 1979. By 1988, production had been fully centralized at Elizabeth, aligning with the introduction of the VN Commodore.

Beyond Holden’s own operations, several companies have developed modified versions of the Commodore platform. HSV serves as Holden’s official performance partner; other prominent high-performance manufacturers include HDT Special Vehicles, Corsa Specialized Vehicles (CSV), and Walkinshaw Performance (WP), corresponding respectively to first-, third-, and fourth-generation Commodores.

In December 2013, Holden declared its intention to end Commodore production in Australia by 2017. Subsequently, in December 2015, Belgian businessman Guido Dumarey initiated "Project Erich," aiming to purchase Holden’s manufacturing facilities to continue producing rebadged premium rear-wheel and all-wheel drive vehicles based on GM’s Zeta platform for domestic and international markets. Dumarey’s company, Punch Powerglide, already supplied automatic transmissions for Holden’s Australian-made V6 models. The final Commodore—and indeed the last Holden vehicle manufactured domestically—was completed on 20 October 2017 at the Elizabeth assembly line.

Sales

Holden Commodore sales figures within Australia
rowspan="2" 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
78,429 35,355 62,436
rowspan="2" 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
50,820 57,641 62,663 75,330 80,452 83,001 76,849 94,642 85,648
rowspan="2" 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
83,610 85,422 88,478 86,553 79,170 66,794 56,531 57,307 51,093 44,387
rowspan="2" 2010

Bibliography

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External links

  1. ↑ Robinson (2006), p. 27
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named carpoint
  3. ↑ Robinson (2006), p. 29
  4. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  8. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ↑ Robinson (2006), p. 38
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ↑ Lord (2000), p. 41.
  12. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Edgar
  14. ↑ Lord (2000), p. 37.
  15. ↑ Bulmer (2002), p. 74.
  16. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ↑ Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Three), p. 115
  18. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  19. ↑ McCarthy (2002), p. 78.
  20. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  22. ↑ Carey (2003), p. 64–69.
  23. ↑ Carey (2003), p. 59.
  24. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  25. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2123: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  26. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named VZ
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named VZ, The Australian
  28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Used Car Safety Ratings
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