SGI Onyx
| Company type | Product line |
|---|---|
| Industry | Computer graphics, Visualization |
| Predecessor | SGI Challenge servers (architecture basis) |
| Founded | 1993 |
| Defunct | March 31, 1999 |
| Successor | Onyx2 |
| Products | Visualization platforms (deskside and rackmount units) |
Onyx represents a line of visualization platforms created and produced by SGI, introduced in 1993 with two variants: a deskside unit (codenamed Eveready) and a rackmount version (codenamed Terminator). Its design derives from the architecture of SGI Challenge servers, augmented with sophisticated graphics components.
The Onyx system became notable for facilitating one of the earliest live 3D computer graphics broadcasts during the 1994 United States national elections. Additionally, it played a crucial role in the development of hardware and software for the Nintendo 64, which launched in 1996.
In 1996, the Onyx was succeeded by the Onyx2, with production ceasing on March 31, 1999.
CPU
The deskside variant accommodates a single CPU board, whereas the rackmount model can house up to six. Initially, both configurations utilized the IP19 board featuring one to four MIPS R4400 processors running at either 100 or 150 MHz, later upgraded to speeds of 200 and 250 MHz. Subsequently, the IP21 board was introduced, equipped with one or two R8000 CPUs operating at 75 or 90 MHz, marketed under the POWER Onyx name. Ultimately, the IP25 board supported between one and four R10000 processors clocked at 195 MHz.
Graphics
At launch, Onyx offered either RealityEngine2 or VTX graphics subsystems; in 1995, InfiniteReality was added to enhance its visualization performance.
RealityEngine2
The RealityEngine2 served as the premier graphics subsystem for Onyx initially, available in both deskside and rack configurations. The deskside version included a single GE10 (Geometry Engine) board containing twelve Intel i860XP processors, up to four RM4 or RM5 (Raster Manager) boards, along with a DG2 (Display Generator) board. In contrast, the rack model could support up to three RealityEngine2 pipelines (display outputs), compared to just one in the deskside form.
VTX
As a more economical alternative with limited functionality and no upgrade path, the VTX graphics subsystem comprised one GE10 board (featuring six Intel i860XP processors instead of twelve as in RealityEngine2), a single RM4 or RM5 board, and a DG2 board.
InfiniteReality
Introduced in 1996, InfiniteReality replaced RealityEngine2 as Onyx’s high-performance graphics subsystem. It was offered in two versions aligned with Onyx’s form factors: the deskside model contained a GE12 board, one or two RM6 boards (restricted by cooling capabilities), and a DG4 board. The rackmount variant supported up to four RM6 boards per pipeline and three pipelines overall, allowing for an Onyx rack configuration comprising three GE12 boards, three DG4 boards, and twelve RM6 boards.
Usage
During the 1994 US national elections, CBS News employed Onyx to deliver real-time 3D graphics integrated with live video streams. This system incorporated four 64-bit R4400 processors, 128MB of RAM, RealityEngine2 graphics hardware, and a Sirius Video board—replacing extensive prior broadcast equipment. This application marked one of the pioneering uses of real-time 3D compositing in television production.
In early 1995, Onyx constituted the primary platform for the Nintendo 64 software development kit, which contributed significantly to its high price range between and .