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Fiat JTD engine

From Alfawiki
Multijet
Company typeDiesel engine technology
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1997
FounderFiat Powertrain Technologies
ProductsDiesel engines and engine technology

Characteristics

The primary innovation of the Multijet engine compared to previous FCA common-rail diesel systems lies in its fuel combustion technique, which divides the injection process into multiple stages to achieve more efficient and quieter burning. While earlier JTD engines featured only a pilot and main injection, Multijet technology permits up to five injections per cycle, enhancing cold start performance, improving torque at low RPMs, reducing noise levels, increasing fuel efficiency, and lowering emissions. Injection timing intervals have been shortened to 150 microseconds, and the minimum volume of injected fuel has been decreased to less than one microlitre. This advancement allows mid-range models such as the Alfa Romeo 156 and Lancia Lybra equipped with 1.9L JTD engines to deliver fuel economy exceeding 45 mpg US (5 L/100 km) while matching the torque output typically associated with larger 3.0L V6 units.

An advanced electronic control unit precisely regulates both injection timing and quantity by monitoring variables including engine speed, driver torque requests, and coolant temperature. Injection pressures vary from 1400 bar (20,000 psi) in the 1.3 Multijet variant up to 1600 bar (23,000 psi) in the 2.4 Multijet 20V model.

Multijet II

In 2009, Fiat Powertrain introduced the third generation known as Multijet II, which incorporates cutting-edge injectors featuring hydraulically balanced solenoid valves and an elevated injection pressure of 2,000 bar (29,000 psi). This generation supports as many as eight sequential injections per combustion cycle and employs Injection Rate Shaping technology for a smoother and more continuous fuel delivery process. These enhancements yield engines that operate more quietly, produce fewer emissions, achieve better fuel economy, and deliver superior performance relative to earlier Multijet versions.

1.0

The three-cylinder XSDE, also named Smartech Diesel, was launched in 2011. Developed jointly by GM Powertrain Torino and General Motors India Private Limited specifically for the Indian market, this engine produces power and torque figures suited for compact vehicles.

Applications:

1.3 JTDm/MultiJet/MultiJet II/CDTI/D/DDiS/HDi

Introduced in February 2003, the 1.3 L () Small Diesel Engine (SDE) is manufactured in Poland and India (Ranjangaon and Gurgaon), with Maruti Suzuki producing it since 2012. It was honored with the International Engine of the Year award in 2005 within the 1-1.4 L category.

This engine family comprises five variants delivering between 70 PS and 105 PS with torque ranging from to , powering vehicles such as the Fiat Punto, Panda, Doblo, Opel Corsa, Suzuki Swift, Tata Indica Vista, and Alfa Romeo MiTo. Upon release, it was the smallest four-cylinder diesel engine available and achieved fuel consumption figures as low as without requiring a diesel particulate filter while complying with Euro IV emission standards.

In January 2008, Tata Motors marketed their version under the name Quadrajet. Ford adopted this engine for its second-generation Ka under the Duratorq TDCi badge; General Motors refers to it as Small Diesel Engine (SDE).

Fiat unveiled Multijet II in 2009 featuring improved injection control capable of up to eight injections per cycle and meeting Euro V emission requirements. Output ranges from 75 PS with a fixed geometry turbocharger up to 95 PS when equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger.

By 2013, production surpassed five million units globally. Manufacturing in India ceased in January 2020 due to BS6 emission standards compliance; over twelve years Fiat-Tata produced a total of 800,048 engines there.

FCA
General Motors
PSA
Suzuki
Tata Motors
Others

1.6 JTDm/MultiJet II/CDTI/DDiS

In 2006, Fiat Powertrain launched a compact 1.6-liter 16-valve Multijet diesel engine (1,598 cc), designed to succeed the previous 1.9-liter 8-valve unit. This engine was available in four power ratings: 90, 105, 120, and 130 PS, with torque figures ranging between 280 and 320 Nm depending on the variant.

FCA
General Motors
Suzuki

1.9 JTD/JTDm/Multijet/Twin Turbo Multijet/CDTI/TiD/TTiD/DDiS

The most widely used JTD engine is the 1.9-liter inline-four, which debuted in the Alfa Romeo 156 in 1997 (), representing the world's first common-rail diesel passenger vehicle. By 1999, this engine was integrated into several Fiat models including the Fiat Brava, Fiat Bravo, Fiat Marea, and Fiat Punto JTD, offering a range of power outputs from to . The engine block weighs approximately , featuring an overhead camshaft and directly actuated valves. The second-generation Multijet introduced an advanced common-rail injection system with seven distinct power levels: the 8-valve version delivers , , or PS, while the 16-valve variant produces between and PS. All variants except the one rated at 101 PS are equipped with a variable-geometry turbocharger.

A version known as CDTI is manufactured by Opel through a GM-Fiat collaboration at plants in Pratola Serra, Italy, and Kaiserslautern, Germany. This engine is fitted in models like the Opel Vectra, Signum, Astra, Zafira, Cadillac BLS, and Suzuki SX4. Additionally, some Saab models use TiD and TTiD versions of this engine, including a twin-turbo configuration.

FCA
General Motors
Suzuki
Others
SAIC Motor

Twin Turbo

In the summer of 2007, Fiat Powertrain Technologies introduced a twin-stage twin turbocharged variant of this engine, available in two output levels: and , both generating torque at 2000 rpm. Production of the 180 PS model commenced in mid-2007. The engine’s weight is roughly . The higher-output version is exclusive to Fiat Group Automobiles, whereas the 180 PS model is offered to other manufacturers.

Applications

2.0 JTDm/CDTI/BiCDTI/TiD/TTiD/VCDi/MultiJet II/DDiS

The 2.0 litre (1,956 cc) Multijet diesel engine made its debut in the third-generation Lancia Delta during summer 2008, initially delivering . A year later, a variant was launched in the Alfa Romeo 159. This engine also powers the Fiat Sedici, Suzuki SX4, and the updated Fiat Doblò with a output of .

Following the conclusion of the collaboration between Fiat and GM, GM Powertrain developed its own diesel engines derived from the 1.9 JTD platform. This began with a version producing for the Astra and Insignia, later enhanced to deliver 165 PS for newer Astra and redesigned Insignia models. Additionally, lower-powered variants rated at 110 PS and 130 PS were made available for the Insignia.

In 2011, GM released a twin-turbo BiTurbo variant producing for the Insignia and from 2013 onwards for the Astra J—known internally as the GM Ecotec Family B engine. This engine was also fitted in the 2011 Saab 9–5 with outputs of 160 PS and a twin-turbocharged version at 190 PS.

By 2013, Opel introduced cleaner and more fuel-efficient iterations of the 2.0 CDTI engine, including an ecoFLEX model that emits only 99 g/km CO2, offering power between 120 PS and 140 PS depending on configuration.

FCA
General Motors
SAIC Motor
Suzuki
Tata Motors

2.2 JTDm/MultiJet II

Fiat Chrysler launched the 2.2 Multijet II (2,184 cc) engine in mid-2015, delivering power outputs ranging from 185 to 210 PS along with 440 to 470 Nm of torque at 2500 RPM, notably featured in the Jeep Cherokee. Engineered to provide greater low-end torque compared to the 2.0L Multijet, it incorporates advanced technologies such as increased injection pressure up to 2,000 Bar, Injector Rate Shaping, a variable displacement oil pump, and counterbalance shafts aimed at minimizing noise and vibrations. This engine meets Euro 6 emission standards without requiring diesel exhaust fluid injection. In 2021, the 2.2 Multijet III variant was introduced on the Fiat Ducato, offering power between 120 and 180 hp while complying with Euro 6d regulations.

A die-cast aluminium block version with a displacement of 2,143 cc powers models including the Alfa Romeo Giulia, Stelvio, and Jeep Wrangler.

The updated 2.2 Multijet Evo (code B.B2) commenced production in 2023 at the Pratola Serra facility and is approved for Euro 7 standards starting in 2025. This engine is utilized across a range of vehicles such as the Fiat Ducato and its rebadged counterparts (Opel Movano, Citroën Jumpy, Peugeot Boxer, Toyota Proace Max), Peugeot Landtrek, Fiat Titano, RAM Rampage, Fiat Toro, Jeep Compass, and Jeep Commander in Brazil. The South American variant adheres to Proconve L8 emission requirements.

Beginning in 2025, this engine will replace earlier PSA-derived diesel units in K0 commercial vehicles including the Peugeot Expert, Fiat Scudo/Ulysse, Citroën Jumpy, Opel Vivaro/Zafira Life, and Toyota Proace/Proace Verso.

Applications

2,143 cc aluminium block
2,184 cc cast-iron block

2.4 JTD/JTDm/MultiJet

The 2.4 L (2,387 cc) inline-five engine traces its origins to the durable 2.4 TD block from the first-generation Fiat Marea and Lancia Kappa. It features an upgraded cylinder head design alongside enhanced fuel injection systems. There are two primary variants: an initial 10-valve version found in the Fiat Marea 130 JTD and early diesel models of Alfa Romeo 156, Alfa Romeo 166, and Lancia Lybra producing between , , and , as well as a subsequent 20-valve Multijet version delivering power comparable to that seen in post-2003 Alfa Romeo 156 and some Lancia vehicles.

Primarily developed for transverse front-wheel-drive configurations, its dimensions limited widespread adoption across GM Ecotec or Fiat platforms. A more recent Multijet iteration produces up to , utilized in models such as the Alfa Romeo 159, Alfa Romeo Brera, and Fiat Croma. The latest version generates and of torque at 1500 rpm and is predominantly employed in Alfa Romeo vehicles.

Applications

2.8

The VM Motori A 428 DOHC inline-four engine evolved to incorporate 1,800 bar common rail fuel injection combined with piezoelectric injectors.

Usage

  • 2011–2013 Lancia Voyager – output: 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp); torque: 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft)
  • 2013–2016 Lancia Voyager – output: 178 PS (131 kW; 176 hp); torque: 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft)

3.0

This 2987 cc DOHC V6 engine is equipped with four valves per cylinder and utilizes common-rail direct injection technology. The 3.0 V6 Multijet II variant complies with North American emission regulations and is sold by Fiat Chrysler under the name FPT Multijet II. Its turbocharged high-performance single-turbo version powers several Jeep models.

A630 European applications

L630 North American applications

A630 High Power European applications

1.5 MultiJet II

The Multijet II family includes a compact inline-four engine of 1.5 L (1,499 cc) displacement utilized by multiple brands. Notable versions include the PSA DV5 installed in the third generation Fiat Doblò and Fiat Scudo models. Power outputs vary from , reaching a peak torque of up to at around 2000 rpm. Produced by Groupe PSA through its collaboration with Stellantis, this engine is designed for light commercial vehicles emphasizing fuel efficiency and performance within European markets.

Fiat

1.6 MultiJet II

The development of the 1.6 MultiJet II (1560 cc) involved input from both the PSA HDi engine and Ford Duratorq engine programs, aimed at robust heavy-duty applications. Offered in three configurations including the well-known PSA DV6 variant (90 Multijet), these engines deliver approximately .

Utilization

2.0 JTD/MultiJet

The heavy-duty oriented two-liter JTD/MultiJet engine (1998 cc), developed by PSA HDi engine, is available in various power levels: ranging from versions producing , , , , , up to , all based on the PSA DW10 architecture. This range supports a broad spectrum of commercial and passenger vehicles.

Applications

2.3 JTD/Multijet

The 2.3 MultiJet engine, with a displacement of 2,287 cc, was engineered by Iveco and manufactured by Sofim to meet the demands of heavy-duty sectors. Offered in three power outputs—120, 130, and 150 PS—this inline-four engine from the Sofim F1AE series combines reliability with robust performance tailored for commercial vehicle use.

Applications

2.4 Multijet

Derived from the Mitsubishi 4N15, the 2.4 Multijet engine (2,442 cc) powers the Mitsubishi L200. It is offered in three distinct versions delivering varying power outputs.

Applications

2.8 JTD/HDi

The 2.8 JTD engine, displacing 2,800 cc and produced by Iveco (SOFIM), was incorporated into the second-generation Fiat Ducato. It provides power ratings of either or , depending on the variant.

Applications

3.0 Multijet Power/HDi

Launched in 2007, the 3.0 L (2,998 cc) MultiJet Power engine delivers outputs of or in Fiat vehicles, with an additional version designed specifically for the Iveco Massif.

Applications

See also

References

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