L'Ardennais (automobile)
This index presents a timeline of motor vehicle brand origins up to the year 1969. For brands offering numerous models, the date corresponds to the company's establishment; for others, it typically marks the debut of their flagship vehicle.
It identifies which automobiles appeared in various countries at certain points, illustrating market penetration including imported vehicles. Additionally, it displays contemporaneous models, highlighting design trends and entrepreneurial activity during the formative years of motor vehicle production.
Within each country and year, the entries are categorized by the type of vehicle introduced, covering steam, electric, hybrid electric, internal combustion engines, touring cars, roadsters, tonneaus, phaetons, cyclecars, light cars, voiturettes, runabouts, high wheelers, buggies, tricars, motor quadricycles, motor tricycles, motorcycles, coaches, buses, fire engines, trucks, tractors, racing cars, and avant-trains.
1852?
Russia. Motorcycle: Alexander Leutner & Co.
1860
UK. Steam-powered: Rickett – recognized for manufacturing multiple steam vehicles and promoting them extensively.
1861
USA. Steam: Ware Steam Wagon
1873
France. Steam bus: Amédée Bollée – an important pioneer; his son later advanced internal combustion engine development in 1895.
1880
Netherlands: Spyker – initially engaged in carriage production before transitioning to internal combustion vehicles.
1883
France. Steam: De Dion-Bouton – subsequently patented internal combustion technology in 1889.
1884
France. Internal combustion: Delamare-Deboutteville
1885
Germany. Internal combustion: Benz – Karl Benz created the first genuine automobile designed as such and secured a patent; his family became early adopters by 1889.
UK. Internal combustion: Butler
USA. Electric: Armstrong Electric
1887
UK. Motorcycle: New Imperial
1889
The inaugural Daimler automobile was a modified carriage incorporating innovations still utilized today like cushioned engine mounts and finned-radiator water cooling.
France. Steam: Peugeot (which later shifted to internal combustion engines and first competed in an organized race at Paris–Brest–Paris)
Germany. Internal combustion: Daimler (DMG)
UK. Internal combustion: Santler
USA. Internal combustion rotary engine: Adams-Farwell
1890
Panhard and Levassor introduced a front-engine configuration that became the standard layout for most subsequent automobiles.
France. Internal combustion: Panhard-Levassor
1891
USA. Steam: Black; steam tractor: Avery; internal combustion: Buckeye gasoline buggy
1893
France. Electric and later internal combustion: Jeantaud
UK. Steam: Straker-Squire (also known as Brazil Straker)
USA. Internal combustion: Elmore, Duryea
1894
France. Internal combustion: Audibert & Lavirotte, Berliet, Delahaye
UK. Electric: Garrard & Blumfield
USA. Electric: Electrobat
1895
France. Internal combustion pioneers included Léon Bollée, Corre, and Rochet-Schneider.
United Kingdom. Early internal combustion innovators were Knight and the Lanchester.
Austria-Hungary. The internal combustion sector featured Laurin & Klement, which later became Škoda.
United States. Electric vehicles were produced by Morris & Salom, while internal combustion models came from De La Vergne.
1896
In the UK, the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 repealed the restrictive Red Flag Acts, effectively freeing the automotive industry and leading to events such as the London to Brighton Veteran Car Run. Knight had been penalized under previous legislation, whereas Walter Arnold became the first individual convicted for speeding under this new law. Additionally, Serpollet was awarded what is regarded as the inaugural driving license.
France. Steam-powered vehicles were developed by Gardner-Serpollet. Internal combustion manufacturers included Clément-Gladiator, Dalifol, Darracq, Lorraine-Dietrich, and Triouleyre. Voiturettes were produced by Dalifol & Thomas, Goujon, and Léon Bollée. Motorcycles were made by the Clément and Gladiator.
Italy. Internal combustion development was led by Enrico Bernardi.
Russia. The internal combustion vehicle known as Yakovlev-Frese emerged.
United Kingdom. Steam vehicles were manufactured by Leyland. Internal combustion producers comprised Anglo-French, Arnold, Arrol-Johnston, and Atkinson and Philipson. Motorcycle production was handled by Excelsior, with motor tricycles from Ariel.
United States. Internal combustion companies included Altham and Black. Both electric and internal combustion vehicles were offered by Brewster and Haynes-Apperson.
1897
Australia saw activity from Australis.
France. Steam vehicles were produced by Montier & Gillet. Electric cars came from the Krieger. Internal combustion manufacturers included Grivel, Juzan, Société Parisienne, and Mors. Voiturettes were made by Decauville and Richard. The avant-train was developed by Amiot.
United Kingdom. Steam-powered vehicles were built by Toward & Philipson. Electric models included those from Bushbury Electric and Neale, with electric phaetons produced by Electric Motive Power. Internal combustion cars came from Belsize. Bus manufacturing was undertaken by Thomas Harrington.
United States. Electric vehicles were manufactured by the Pope. Internal combustion makers included the Autocar, Oldsmobile, Plass, and the Winton.
Austria-Hungary. The internal combustion brand was the Präsident from (Tatra).
1898
Belgium's internal combustion industry featured companies like Delecroix and Métallurgique.
France's internal combustion producers included: Ailloud, Astresse, Auge, David & Bourgeois, De Dietrich, Lufbery, Poron, and Tourey. Voiturettes were made by both Le Blon and De Riancey. The truck and tractor segment was served by Latil. Avant-train models came from Ponsard-Ansaloni.
Germany's electric vehicle market included the manufacturer Kühlstein, while internal combustion cars were produced by both the AWE and the company behind the Wartburg.
Italy's internal combustion efforts involved companies such as Ceirano GB & C. Motor tricycles and quadricycles were manufactured byPrinetti & Stucchi.
In the United Kingdom, electric vehicles were made by the firm ofOppermann. Internal combustion producers consisted ofAlldays & Onions,Grose,James and Browne,Madelvic, andStar. Tricar models came fromHumber. Motor tricycles or quadricycles were supplied byArsenal,Eadie, andLeuchters. Motorcycle production was handled bySwift.
The United States' steam vehicle sector includedAmerican Waltham. Electric cars were offered by theRiker. Internal combustion manufacturers comprisedRutenber andSt. Louis. Buggy-type vehicles came fromStearns.
1899
Belgium. Voiturette: Vivinus
France. Electric vehicles were produced by Bouquet, Garcin & Schivre and Monnard; internal combustion models included Allard-Latour, Esculape, La Lorraine, Luc Court, Marot-Gardon, Raouval, Renault (notably the first saloon car), and Turcat-Méry; light cars were represented by Naptholette; voiturettes were manufactured by Andre Py, Cochotte, Populaire, and Rouxel; alcohol-fueled vehicles were produced by L'Alkolumine.
Germany. Internal combustion vehicles by Opel.
Italy. Internal combustion automobiles from Fiat.
Russia. Electric vehicle: Kukushka.
UK. Electric models by Joel-Rosenthal; internal combustion by Accles-Turrell and Geering; voiturette manufactured by Argyll; motor tricycles and quadricycles included Allard and Anglo-American; motorcycles produced by Coventry-Eagle, OK-Supreme, Quadrant, and Royal Enfield.
US. Steam-powered vehicles were built by Century, Grout, Kensington, Keystone, Kidder, Leach, Liquid Air, Locomobile, Mobile (pre Stanley Steamer), Strathmore, Victor Steam, and Waltham Steam. Electric car manufacturers included American Electric, Baker, Columbia (taxi), Electric Vehicle, Quinby, Stearns, US Automobile, Van Wagoner, and Woods. Internal combustion producers encompassed American, Black, Bramwell-Robinson, Buick, Gasmobile, Gurley, Holyoke, International Automobile Company, Media, Oakman-Hertel, Packard (Ohio), Quick, and Sintz.
1900
Australia. The automobile industry featured the Tarrant.
Belgium. Hybrid vehicles were produced by Pieper; internal combustion manufacturers included Nagant and Pipe; voiturette production was undertaken by Antoine.
Canada. Electric automobiles from the Canadian Motor company.
France. Internal combustion cars came from manufacturers such as Ader, Ardent, Chenard-Walcker, Maillard, Nanceene, and the Otto. Voiturettes were made by Chainless and Soncin. Motorcycle production was carried out by companies including Buchet and Castoldi.
Germany. Internal combustion vehicles from companies like Adler and Albion. Voiturette production was represented by AGG. Motorcycles that later transitioned to trucks were produced by Phänomen.
Italy. Internal combustion automobiles manufactured by Isotta Fraschini.
UK. Internal combustion cars produced by companies such as Hewinson-Bell, Napier, and Smith & Dowse; voiturette manufacturing included the brand Billings-Burns. Motorcycle production was undertaken by Rex-Acme.
US. Steam-powered vehicles included models like the Tractobile from Cleveland, Kent's Pacemaker, Porter Stanhope from Porter Motor Company, Skene automobiles, and Steamobile. Electric cars were offered by companies such as Hewitt-Lindstrom and National Motor Vehicle Company. Internal combustion manufacturers encompassed Auburn Automobile, Canda (automobile company), California Automobile Company, Eureka (1900 automobile), Holley Motor Car, Keystone Motor Company of Philadelphia, Knox Automobile, Lozier, Peerless Motor Company, Rambler (automobile), and Stearns-Knight. Additionally, tractors were produced by Samson Tractor and trucks by Detroit Automobile Company.
1901
Canada. Light automobile: Queen
France. Internal combustion models: Charron, Corre La Licorne; small cars: L'Ardennais, Guerraz, Henry-Dubray, Korn et Latil, Malliary; lightweight vehicle: De Boisse
Germany. Internal combustion vehicles: Horch, Stoewer; motorcycles: NSU
United Kingdom. Electric cars: Electromobile; internal combustion: Asquith, Imperial, John O'Gaunt, Sunbeam; paraffin-fueled: Ralph Lucas; cyclecars: Campion; light automobiles: Ralph Gilbert; small cars: Wolseley; motorcycles: Matchless, Singer
United States. Steam-powered vehicles: Aultman, Binney & Burnham, Covert, Desberon, Hidley, Hudson, Reading Steamer, Stearns, White; internal combustion models: Altman, Apperson, Buffalo, Buffum,De Dion,Empire,Marion,Pierce-Arrow,Schaum; touring cars:Austin; runabouts:Stevens-Duryea; high-wheel vehicles:Holsman; motorcycles:Indian
1902
Belgium. Internal combustion automobiles: Minerva
France. Internal combustion vehicles: Motobloc, Richard-Brasier
Germany. Internal combustion cars: Aachener, AEG, Argus, Beaufort, NAG; motorized three- and four-wheelers: Cyklon
Russia. Electric automobiles: Dux
Spain. Internal combustion models: Anglada
United Kingdom. Steam-powered vehicles: Vapomobile; internal combustion cars: Abingdon, Armstrong, Karminski, Maudslay, Rover, Vulcan; small cars: Esculapeus; three-wheelers: Advance; motorcycles: Norton, Triumph
United States. Steam automobiles: Clipper, Hoffman, Richmond, Stanley; electric vehicles: Studebaker; internal combustion cars: Blood, Brennan, Cadillac, Cameron, Cannon, Clarkmobile, Franklin (automobile), Gaeth, Hammer-Sommer, Kirk, Marmon, Reber; runabouts: Glide (automobile), Smith, Standard Steel; touring vehicles: Spaulding; light automobiles: Greenleaf, Orient; buggies: American, Union; compound expansion engines: Eisenhuth; trucks: Rapid
1903
Belgium. Internal combustion engines: Excelsior
France. Internal combustion vehicles: Ariès, Clément-Bayard, Delaunay-Belleville, Hotchkiss, Regal, Talbot; light automobiles: Henry Bauchet
Germany. Internal combustion trucks and buses: Büssing
United Kingdom. Electric vehicles: Lems; steam and internal combustion models: Albany; internal combustion cars: Attila, Elswick, Kyma, Lea-Francis, Lee Stroyer, Standard, Vauxhall, Whitlock; avant-train vehicles: Adams; motorcycles: Chater-Lea, New Hudson, Wilkinson Sword
United States. Steam-powered automobiles: Jaxon; internal combustion cars: American Chocolate (Walter), Bates, Ford, Lenawee, Marble-Swift, Matheson, Vermont, Wilson; motorcycles: Harley-Davidson; touring cars: Acme, Berg, Logan, Michigan, Iroquois, Jackson, Phelps, Premier; roadsters: Buckmobile; runabouts: Dingfelder, Eldredge, Marr, Mitchell, Overland, Sandusky, Tincher
1904
Canada. Internal combustion vehicles: Russell
France. Internal combustion cars: Cottin & Desgouttes, Grégoire; voiturettes: Lavie; motorized tricycles: La Va Bon Train
Germany. Internal combustion automobiles: Alliance, Wenkelmobil
Italy. Internal combustion cars: Itala
Spain. Internal combustion vehicles: Hispano-Suiza
United Kingdom. Electric automobiles: Imperial; internal combustion models: Arbee, Armstrong Whitworth, Ascot, Calthorpe, Chambers, Crossley, Croxted, Iden, Motor Carrier, Queen; voiturettes: Achilles; light cars: Gilburt; tricars: Garrard; motorcycles: Phelon & Moore, Zenith
United States. Steam-powered vehicles: Empire Steamer; electric automobiles: Berwick, Marquette; internal combustion cars and trucks: American, American Mercedes, American Napier, Christie, Cleveland, Corbin, Detroit Wheeler, Dolson, Lambert, Luverne, Maxwell, Moline, Orlo, Oscar Lear, Pierce-Racine, Queen, Sampson, Schacht, Sinclair-Scott (Maryland), Standard, Studebaker-Garford, Twyford Stanhope; touring vehicles: Brew-Hatcher, S&M Simplex, Crestmobile, Detroit Auto, Frayer-Miller', Jeffery', Pungs Finch', Richmond', Royal', Thomas', Upton'; runabouts: Courier', Fredonia', Northern', Pierce', Pope-Tribune'; tractors: Holt'
1905
France. Internal combustion vehicles included Alliance, Brasier, Charlon, Couverchel, Delage, Eudelin, Rolland-Pilain, and Sizaire-Naudin; touring cars were represented by Rebour; light cars featured Helbé and Urric; voiturettes included Eureka; motorcycles were produced by Herdtle & Bruneau.
Germany. Steam-powered vehicles were made by Altmann; internal combustion manufacturers included Ehrhardt, Hansa, Hexe, and Solidor.
Italy. Internal combustion automobiles were produced by Diatto and Zust.
United Kingdom. Electric models were offered by Alexandra and Ekstromer; internal combustion manufacturers included Adams, Austin, Edismith, Riley, Sunbeam-Talbot, and Talbot; light cars included the One of the Best; tricar models were made by Anglian; motorcycles came from Velocette.
United States. Electric cars were produced by Rauch and Lang; internal combustion vehicles included manufacturers such as Aerocar, Ardsley, Ariel, Cartercar, Corwin, Crown, Harrison, Haynes, Silent Knight, Pullman, Rainier, Selden, Soules, and Stoddard-Dayton. Touring cars included brands like Detroit-Oxford, Diamond T, Gas-au-lec, Lambert, REO, and USA Daimler. Roadsters were available from companies such as Walker and Western. Light cars included offerings from the Bell. Buggy types came from the likes of the Deal and the Hammer. Motorcycle manufacturers featured brands like the Excelsior-Henderson and the Shawmobile.
1906
Belgium. Internal combustion vehicles were produced by the company known as Impéria; hybrid models came from the manufacturer called Auto-Mixte.
France. Internal combustion manufacturers included companies such as AM, Ampère, and the aviation-inspired firm of Antoinette. Other notable producers were Lion-Peugeot and Unic. Light cars came from the partnership of Doriot, Flandrin & Parant, while both voiturettes and motorcycles were supplied by the maker known as Alcyon.
Germany. The internal combustion segment featured AAG as a key manufacturer.
Italy. Companies producing internal combustion vehicles included:Aquila Italiana,Fial,Peugeot-Croizat,SCAT,SPA, andStandard.
United Kingdom. Internal combustion producers encompassed firms such asAll-British,Ladas,Marlborough, andRolls-Royce. Light car manufacturing was represented byJowett. Tricar models were made by bothAddison andArmadale. The dual-control vehicle segment was filled byAcademy. Hybrid buses were produced byTilling-Stevens. Motorcycle production was carried out byDot.
United States. Steam-powered automobiles originated from companies such asDoble andRoss. Electric vehicles were offered byBabcock. Internal combustion manufacturers included a wide range of firms:ALCO,American,American Simplex,Apollo,Atlas,Bliss,Car de Luxe,Deere,Dorris,Dragon,Frontenac,Hol-Tan,Jewell,Kissel,Model, and the Ball-Bearing Car produced by theMoore. Touring cars came from brands such asHeine-Velox andMoon. Roadsters were manufactured by theColburn. Light car offerings included those from the company namedJanney. High wheelers were produced by firms including:ABC,Black,McIntyre, and the Success Automobile Manufacturing Company.
1907
Australia. Caldwell Vale
Belgium. Internal combustion: Springuel
Canada. Internal combustion: McLaughlin
France. Internal combustion models: Ariane, Jean-Bart, Lahaussois, Lutier, Marie de Bagneux, Prod'homme, Sinpar, Sixcyl; voiturette category: Couteret, Obus, La Radieuse; voiturette tricar types: Guerry et Bourguignon, Lurquin-Coudert; tricar models: Austral, Mototri Contal; hybrid vehicle: AL; amphibious design: Ravailler; racing automobile: De Bazelaire
United Kingdom. Internal combustion: Dalgliesh-Gullane, Hillman; truck production: Commer; motorcycle manufacturing: Douglas
United States. Electric vehicles: American Juvenile Electric', Detroit Electric; internal combustion cars: Allen Kingston, Anderson (Carriage), Carter Twin-Engine, Continental Automobile Manufacturing Company, Corbitt, Fuller, Griswold, Maryland, Kiblinger (McIntyre), Oakland, Regal, Speedwell Motor Car Company; high wheelers: Eureka (1907), Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company, Single Center, Staver; roadster type: CVI; runabouts: Albany (1907), Colt Runabout, Kermath, Marvel, Nielson
1908
France. Internal combustion engines: Le Pratic, X (French automobile); phaeton style: Siscart; voiturette class: Roussel
Germany. Internal combustion manufacturers: Allright, Brennabor, Fafnir, Lloyd
Italy. Internal combustion vehicles: Lancia, Marca-Tre-Spade, Temperino
Russia. Internal combustion automobile: Russo-Balt
United Kingdom. Internal combustion makers: Arno', Sheffield-Simplex, Valveless; touring car model: Argon (1908); light car variant: Alex (1908); motorcycle brand: Premier
United States. Internal combustion producers: Bendix, Coates-Goshen, Correja, Cunningham automobile, De Luxe, General Motors, Gyroscope (automobile), Havers (automobile), Imperial Automobile Company, Paige automobile, Sears (Lincoln Motor Car Works), Velie ; touring car example: H. A. Moyer (automobile)'; high wheeler types: Cole Motor Car Company (Cole) ,De Schaum, DeWitt Motor Company (DeWitt),Hobbie Accessible, Michigan (1908 automobile)'; runabout model: Simplo'; cyclecar design:Browniekar'; buggy manufacturer:George W. Davis Motor Car Company (Davis)'
1909
France. Internal combustion vehicles include Bugatti, Societé Générale des Voitures Automobiles Otto (FL),La Ponette, Le Zèbre''
Italy. Racing automobile manufacturer:Brixia-Zust'; motorcycle producer:Della Ferrera'
Netherlands. Internal combustion brand:Entrop''
United Kingdom. Internal combustion car maker:Pilot Cars Limited (Pilot)''
United States. Internal combustion companies:Abbott-Detroit, Anhut Motor Car Company (Anhut),Black Crow, Crow-Elkhart (automobile company),Cutting, E-M-F Company (EMF),Everitt, Fuller, GJG, Hupmobile, Inter-State, Lion, Pilot Motor Car Company (Pilot)'; touring car manufacturers:Crawford Automobile, Fal-Car, Piggins, Standard Six'; roadsters:Coyote, Hudson Motor Car Company (Hudson),Kauffman Motor Vehicle Company (Kauffman)'; runabout brand:Brush Motor Car Company (Brush)'; small cars:Herreshoff, Hitchcock, K-R-I-T Motor Car Company (KRIT)'; light car producer:Courier Car Co (Courier)'; buggy maker:Paterson'; raceabout model:Mercer'; racing car manufacturer:McFarlan Automobile (McFarlan)'; truck producers:Chase Motor Truck Company (Chase),Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company (Sanford-Herbert)'
1910
Canada. Internal combustion vehicles: Gareau
France. Internal combustion manufacturers: Ageron, Damaizin & Pujos, Margaria, (Mathis), and Plasson; light automobile: Simplicia; cyclecar producer: Bédélia
Germany. Internal combustion brands: Ansbach, Apollo, Audi
Italy. Internal combustion makers: Alfa Romeo, Chiribiri
UK. Steam-powered: AMC; internal combustion manufacturers: Morgan, Siddeley-Deasy; cyclecar producer: GN
US. Electric vehicles: Grinnell; internal combustion includes Alpena, Cavac, De Mot, Flanders, Great Eagle, Kline Kar, Lexington, Maytag-Mason, Parry, Spaulding, and United States; touring car models by Carhartt, Chalmers, and Detroit-Dearborn among others; tonneau versions from Henry and Midland; roadsters such as Ames and King-Remick; runabouts including Empire; cyclecar manufacturer: Autoette; high wheeler brand: Anchor Buggy; buggy models including Aldo.
1911
Argentina. Producer: Anasagasti
Canada. Internal combustion vehicle maker: Clinton
France. Cyclecar manufacturer: Enders
Germany. Internal combustion producers: Excelsior-Mascot, Podeus; rotary valve model by Standard
Italy. Motorcycle manufacturer: Benelli
UK. Internal combustion automakers include Aberdonia, AGR, Airedale, GWK, Newton-Bennett, and Roper-Corbet; cyclecar producers: Alvechurch, Autotrix, Lambert; motorcycle brands include Beardmore, Coventry-Victor, Levis, Rudge-Whitworth, and Villiers
US. Electric vehicle makers include Hupp-Yeats, Century, and Dayton Electric; internal combustion manufacturers consist of America, Ann Arbor, Chevrolet, Day, Gaylord, American, Jonz (automobile), King, Komet, Marathon, the 1911 Overland OctoAuto, Nyberg, Pilgrim of Providence, Rayfield, Stutz, the Virginian, and Willys; tractor manufacturing by Mogul; fire engine production by the Ahrens-Fox.
1912
Argentina. Internal combustion: Anasagasti
Canada. Internal combustion: Amherst
France. Electric vehicles: Anderson Electric; internal combustion models: Albatros, Alda, Arista, Cognet de Seynes, Hédéa, La Roulette, SCAP; light automobiles: Luxior; trucks: Laffly; front-wheel drive units: Ponts
Hungary. Internal combustion: Raba
Italy. Internal combustion: Storero
Spain. Internal combustion: Abadal
United Kingdom. Steam-powered: Sheppee; internal combustion: ABC; cyclecars: Adamson, Arden, Chota, Coventry Premier, Crouch, Hampton, HCE, Tiny, Tyseley; motorcycles: NUT, Sunbeam
United States. Electric vehicles: Argo Electric, Buffalo Electric, Church-Field; internal combustion cars: Anna, Briggs-Detroiter, Crane & Breed, Pathfinder, Standard; touring cars: Miller, Westcott; light cars: Lad's Car, Little; tricars: American Tri-Car; motorcycles: Cyclone; trucks: Brockway, Palmer-Moore
1913
Belgium. Internal combustion: Alatac
France. Internal combustion models: Ajax, Alba, Alva, Rougier; cyclecars: Jouvie
Spain. Cyclecar production: David
United Kingdom. Internal combustion vehicles: Morris, Perry, Woodrow, WW; light cars: Ace, Lucar; cyclecars include: Armstrong, Athmac, Baker & Dale, Bantam, BPD, Britannia, Broadway, Carlette, Dallison, Dewcar, LAD, Lester Solus, Vee Gee, Warne, Wilbrook, and companies such as Wrigley; motorcycles produced by: Montgomery
United States. Electric automobiles: American Electric; internal combustion manufacturers include: Ohio's and Philadelphia's versions of the Allen (Allen and Allen), along with Chandler, Flyer, Grant, Lyons-Knight, and Monarch; cyclecars from Car-Nation, Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company, Detroit Cyclecar, Downing-Detroit, Dudly Bug, Gadabout (Gadabout), JPL, Little Detroit Speedster, Little Princess, and Twombly; touring car by Keeton; roadsters such as Saxon and Scripps-Booth; sports car brand Duesenberg; motorcycles including the Bi-Autogo
1914
France. Internal combustion vehicles: Ascot, Donnet-Zedel; small car: Nardini
Japan. Internal combustion: DAT
Italy. Maserati
United Kingdom. Internal combustion models: Trojan, Utopian; small car: Bifort; cyclecars: Bradwell, Buckingham, Carden, Hill & Stanier, Imperial, Projecta, Simplic; motorcycles: ABC
United States. Electric vehicles: Ward; internal combustion cars: Ajax, American, Benham, Dile, Keystone, Light, Monroe, MPM, Partin, Willys-Knight; touring cars: Alter; roadsters: Metz, Vulcan; small cars: Fischer, Lincoln; cyclecars: Argo, Arrow, Biesel, CAC, Cricket, Davis, Dodge, Engler, Excel, Hawk, Logan, LuLu, Malcolm Jones, Mercury, Motor Bob, O-We-Go, Xenia
1915
Canada. Internal combustion vehicles: Gray-Dort, Regal
United Kingdom. Internal combustion: Atalanta; sports cars: Aston Martin
United States. Electric cars: Menominee; hybrid electric models: Owen Magnetic; internal combustion vehicles: All-Steel, Apple, Biddle, Bour-Davis, Briscoe, Dort, Elcar, Herff-Brooks, Hollier, Ross, Smith Flyer; small cars: Bell, Harvard; cyclecars: Koppin; racing vehicles: Frontenac
1916
Russia: AMO
United States. Electric automobiles: Belmont; internal combustion models: Aland, American Junior, Auto Red Bug, Bush, Daniels, Dixie Flyer, Hackett, HAL, Jordan, Liberty, Sun, Yale; touring cars: Barley, Marion-Handley
Germany: BMW
1917
Canada. Internal combustion vehicles: Moose Jaw Standard
United Kingdom. Cyclecar models: Gibbons
United States. Internal combustion automobiles: Able, Amalgamated, American, Anderson, Columbia, Commonwealth, Piedmont, Shad-Wyck, Templar; touring cars: Harroun, Nelson, Olympian; light vehicles: Gem; trucks: Nash
1918
Italy: truck manufacturer OM
United Kingdom. Internal combustion engines: All British Ford; motorcycles: Cotton
United States. Steam-powered vehicles: Bryan; internal combustion cars: Essex; motorcycles: Ner-a-Car
1919
Australia: Australian Six
France. Internal combustion automobiles: Avions Voisin, Butterosi, Citroen, Leyat, Salmson; cyclecar models: ASS, Soriano-Pedroso
Germany. Internal combustion vehicles: AGA, Anker
United Kingdom. Internal combustion automobiles: Alvis, Angus-Sanderson, Armstrong Siddeley, Ashton-Evans, Bentley, Dawson, Eric-Campbell, Maiflower,Ruston-Hornsby,Willys Overland Crossley; cyclecars:Aero Car,Ashby,AV,Castle Three,Economic,Tamplin; motorcycles:Brough Superior,Coventry-Victor,Dunelt
United States. Internal combustion automobiles:Amco,Argonne,Climber,Du Pont,Graham-Paige; trucks:Huffman
1920
Belgium: Light automobile manufacturer ALP France: Electric vehicles like the Electricar; internal combustion cars including Janémian, Jouffret, and Radior; cyclecars such as Able, Ajams, Astatic, La Comfortable, De Marçay, Elfe, Kevah, and Santax; sports automobiles like the Fonlupt Germany: Internal combustion vehicles including Joswin and Selve; touring cars such as the Steiger Japan: Manufacturer of automobiles, including early models by Mazda United Kingdom: Internal combustion cars like the Aeroford, Cubitt, Galloway, and others such as the Palmerston and Payze; light cars including the Albert; cyclecars from makers like Allwyn, Archer, Baughan, Bell, Black Prince, Blériot-Whippet, Bound, Cambro, CFB, and Winson; sports cars such as the Sports Junior United States: Automobiles including the Ace, Alsace, Aluminum, Astra, Binghamton Electric, Carroll Six, Colonial, Colonial/Shaw, Friend, Gardner, Gray Light Car, LaFayette Motors, Lorraine, Mason Truck, Sheridan; steam-powered vehicles like the Standard Steam Car; along with other manufacturers such as Stanwood
1921
Canada: Brock Six by Brock Motors, London Six from London Motors France: Both established names such as Amilcar and Ballot, alongside newer companies including Bernardet, Coadou et Fleury, Colda, Le Favori, Georges Irat, Hinstin, Janoir, Madoz, Quo Vadis, Le Roitelet, and Solanet Germany: Producers like Alfi, Arimofa, Atlantic, Pawi, Rumpler Tropfenwagen, and Zündapp Italy: Manufacturers such as Ansaldo and Aurea; motorcycle maker Moto Guzzi Japan: Emerging brand Ales UK: Makers including Amazon, Barnard cyclecars, Scott Sociable, and Skeoch USA: Steam vehicle producers Coats and Davis; internal combustion engine vehicles from Adria, Aero Car, Ajax, Automatic, Birmingham Motors, Colonial, Davis Totem, Durant, Earl, Handley-Knight, Jacquet Flyer, Kessler, and Wills Sainte Claire
1922
Canada: Colonial Motors France: Astra, Bucciali, Induco, JG Sport, Vaillant Germany: Juho and Komet UK: A wide range of manufacturers such as Abbey, Abingdon, Albatros, Alberford, Aster, Atomette, Autogear, Baby Blake, Bean Cars, Bow-V-Car, Christchurch-Campbell, Clyno, Frazer Nash, Gwynne Limited, Packman & Poppe Motorcycles, Swallow Sidecar Company, Wigan-Barlow, and Xtra USA: Steam car makers Alena and American Steamer; internal combustion brands include ABC, Anahuac, Ansted-Lexington, Checker Motors Corporation, DAC, Dagmar, Detroit Steam Motors Corporation, Gray Automobile Company, Jewett Motor Car Company, Kess-Line 8, Rickenbacker Motor Company, Star Motor Company and Stewart-Coats
1923
Belgium: ADK, De Wandre, Juwel
Canada (steam): Brooks Steam Motors
France: Bell Motor Car Company, Henou, Willème
Germany: Alan automobile company; Kenter; Pilotmotorenwerke Bannewitz (Pilot); motorcycle manufacturer BMW
UK: Astral (1923 automobile), Urecar
USA: Flint automobile brand; Kenworth; Rugby automobile
1924
Czech Republic: Škoda Auto
France: AEM (1924 automobile), A. S. (automobile), Le Cabri, De Sanzy, Elgé, Jean Gras, Jousset
Germany: Amor automobile; Ehrhardt-Szawe; Tempo car
Japan: Otomo automobile
UK: HRD Motorcycles; Morris Commercial Cars; Paydell
USA (steam): American Steam Car; internal combustion models Chrysler; Junior R; Pennant automobile
1925
Argentina: Hispano-Argentina
Australia: Ford (Australia)
Belgium: Jeecy-Vea
France: Heinis; Jack Sport
Germany: Hanomag; Sablatnig-Beuchelt; Seidel-Arop
Italy: Amilcar Italiana; Maggiora manufacturer; Moretti Motor Company
UK: Brocklebank automobile; Invicta car; Jappic; McEvoy Motorcycles; MG Cars
USA: Empire Steam Car; Ajax by Nash Motors; Diana Motors Company
1926
France: Alma (French automobile); Arzac; Chaigneau-Brasier; Constantinesco automobile; Automobiles Lambert; Ratier; Simca (SAFAF); Sensaud de Lavaud; Tracta
Germany: Daimler-Benz; Gutbrod; Mercedes-Benz
UK: Arab automobile; HP car; Marendaz Special; Swallow Sidecar Company
USA: Ansted; Divco; Dodgeson; Pontiac automobile
1927
France: Rosengart, Silva-Coroner
United Kingdom: Arrol-Aster, Avro, Streamline (Burney Car)
United States: Falcon-Knight, Graham-Paige, LaSalle
Sweden: Volvo
1928
Netherlands: DAF
United Kingdom: Ascot, Vincent
United States: DeSoto, Plymouth
1929
France: Alphi, Michel Irat
Germany: Borgward
Italy: Ferrari
Soviet Union (motorcycle): Izh
Spain: National Pescara
United Kingdom: Alta
United States: American Austin, Blackhawk, Cord, Roosevelt, Ruxton, Viking, Windsor
1930
Belgium: Astra France: AER, Virus Germany: Ardie-Ganz Soviet Union: KIM
1931
Australia: Southern Cross Germany: Maikäfer Soviet Union: ZIS Japan: Datsun United Kingdom: Squire United States: De Vaux, Hoffman (Detroit automobile)
1932
Italy: Ermini, Nardi Poland: Polski Fiat Soviet Union: GAZ United Kingdom: Vale Special United States: Allied, De Vaux Continental, Jaeger
1933
France: Tracford Germany: Standard Superior United Kingdom: André, Railton, SS Cars (forerunner of Jaguar Cars) United States: Continental
1934
France: Simca Germany: Auto Union, Bungartz Butz Japan: Ohta Jidosha United Kingdom: Aveling-Barford, British Salmson, Rytecraft
1935
France: Talbot-Lago Germany: Henschel United Kingdom: Autovia, Batten, Jensen, Reliant United States: Stout Scarab
1936
France: Darl'mat, Monocar United Kingdom: Allard, HRG, Lammas, Lloyd, Skirrow Japan: Toyota
1937
France: Ardex, Danvignes Germany: Volkswagen United Kingdom: Atalanta
1938
France: DB, Rolux United Kingdom: Nuffield
1939
Soviet Union: SMZ United States: Albatross, Crosley, truck manufacturer: Peterbilt Italy: Ferrari
1940
United Kingdom: DMW
1941
Soviet Union: UAZ; motorcycle maker: IMZ-Ural
1942
Brazil. Trucks produced by F.N.M.
1943
Soviet Union. Manufacturer of trucks: Ural
1945
India: Established as Mahindra & Mohammed (later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra) Soviet Union. Producer of motorcycles: Dnipro United Kingdom: Formation of notable marques such as Bristol, Healey, and the rising powerhouse Jaguar Cars United States: Created via merger under the name Kaiser-Frazer
1946
France welcomed newcomers including Chappe et Gessalin, Mochet, and the smaller manufacturer Rovin. Germany's automotive sector resumed with companies like the former aircraft manufacturer turned car producer, Messerschmitt. Hungary introduced industrial vehicles through firms such as Csepel. Italy's lineup featured niche sports and specialty car brands like Bandini, Cisitalia, and Stanguellini; truck manufacturing was dominated by companies such as Astra Veicoli Industriali. The Soviet Union broadened its offerings with mass-market automaker Moskvitch and motorcycle manufacturer ZiD. Spain initiated heavy vehicle production with Pegaso. The UK concentrated on performance and racing vehicles with firms like Cooper Car Company. In the USA, automakers consolidated including American Motors Incorporated and Frazer.
1947
Canada: Studebaker
France: Aerocarene, Alamagny
Germany: Veritas
Italy: Innocenti, Lambretta, Maserati, O.S.C.A.
Soviet Union. Truck manufacturing: Minsk Automobile Plant
UK: Ambassador, Ausfod, Buckler
1948
Australia: Holden
China: GAC
France: J-P Wimille
Germany: Fend Flitzer
Italy: Fimer, Iso Rivolta, Siata
Japan. Motorcycle production: Marusho
Soviet Union. Truck manufacturing: BelAZ
UK: EMC, Land Rover, Rochdale, Thundersley Invacar
USA: Autoette, Keller, Tucker Sedan
1949
Australia: Hartnett
France: Atlas
India: AUTOPRD
Soviet Union: RAF
Japan: Motorcycle brand: Honda
UK: Dellow
USA: Automobiles including Aerocar, Airway, and the model Glasspar G2; scooter producer: PMC
1950
France: Autobleu
Germany: Companies such as Fuldamobil, Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten, Kleinschnittger, and Staunau
Spain: Vehicle manufacturer SEAT
UK: Makers including Marauder and Paramount
USA: Producer of automobiles, the Muntz
1951
Argentina: State industrial enterprise, IAME
Australia: Branch of Fiat-Chrysler, known as Chrysler (Australia)
France: Brands including Atlas, Automobiles Marathon, Le Piaf, and Reyonnah
Germany: Company named Glas
Poland: Manufacturer called FSO
Soviet Union. Truck production by KAZ; motorcycle manufacture by Minsk
UK: Firms such as Arnott, Russon, and Turner
USA: Collaboration brand, the Nash-Healey
1952
France: Arista, Martin-Spéciale, Poinard
Soviet Union: PAZ
United Kingdom: Austin-Healey, BMC, Greeves, Lotus
United States: Allstate, Woodill
1953
East Germany: EMW
Japan: Subaru
United States: (Eshelman), (Fina-Sport)
1954
France: Alpine, Facel Vega
Spain: Serveta
United Kingdom: Astra, Fairthorpe, Rodley, Swallow Doretti
United States: AMC, Studebaker-Packard
1955
Australia: Nota
Belgium: Meeussen
East Germany: Zwickau
Germany: Goggomobil
Italy: Autobianchi
1956
Argentina: IKA
Germany: Heinkel Kabine
Soviet Union: ZiL, KAG; scooters include: TMZ, Vyatka
United Kingdom: Berkeley, Tourette
United States: Auto Cub, Devin, Dual-Ghia
1957
East Germany: Trabant
Germany: Neckar
Romania: ARO
United Kingdom: Peerless (Warwick), Scootacar, Tornado
United States: Aurora, Hackney
1958
Australia: Elfin
Israel: Autocars
Soviet Union: KAvZ; trucks produced by: BAZ, and KrAZ
United Kingdom: Gill, and the model known as the Meadows Frisky
United States: Edsel, and the Streco Turnpike Cruiser
1959
Argentina: Siam Di Tella
China: Changan
East Germany: Melkus
India: The manufacturer at Vehicle Factory Jabalpur
Ireland: The company behind the Shamrock automobile
Soviet Union: Producer of the LiAZ bus
United Kingdom: Makers of Bristol Siddeley, Gilbern, and Marcos vehicles
United States: Producers of the Argonaut car and Nu-Klea Starlite
1960
India: Maker of Ideal Jawa motorcycles
United Kingdom: Manufacturers including Ausper, Brabham, and Rickman Motorcycles
United States. Replica of vintage cars produced by Gaslight
1961
Germany introduced the Amphicar
Soviet Union launched ZAZ
United Kingdom saw the debut of Diva automobiles
1962
Canada's Acadian brand
France's Automobiles René Bonnet
Iran's Iran Khodro company
Soviet Union's AvtoKuban factory
Japan's motorcycle manufacturer Kawasaki
United States' Apollo vehicle introduced in 1962
1963
Brazilian manufacturer Puma
Italy's Automobili Turismo e Sport, Scuderia Serenissima, and Lamborghini brands
United Kingdom's Bond Cars and Gordon-Keeble models
United States' Exner Revival Cars; truck production by Marmon Motor Company
Japanese automaker Honda entered the car market
1964
Italy: ASA
Soviet Union: ErAZ
USA: Fiberfab
1965
Australia: Finch Restorations
France: (Matra)
India: Heavy Vehicles Factory
Iran: SAIPA
Italy: Ferves
Soviet Union: Kalashnikov Concern (IzhAvto)
Spain: Investigación y Proyectos de Vehículos Especiales (IPV)
UK: Jago, Peel Engineering Company
1966
Bulgaria: Bulgarrenault
Italy: Bizzarrini
New Zealand: Trekka
Soviet Union: Lada; trucks also produced by MoAZ
Romania: Automobile Dacia
Turkey: Anadol
UK manufacturers include Norton-Villiers, Trident, and Unipower GT
1967
Argentina: Andino
Bulgaria: Bulgaralpine
India: Tata Motors
New Zealand: Anziel Nova
1968
Italy: Autozodiaco, LMX Sirex
Turkey: Tofaş
UK: Piper Cars
USA: Savage GT
1969
Australia. Truck manufacturer: RFW Brazil. Car producer: Gurgel China: Dongfeng Soviet Union. Truck maker: Kamaz UK: Enfield
1970
China: Changhe
1972
Greece: Namco
1978
Australia. PRB
1979
Australia. Bolwell
1981
Australia. Borland, Python India: Rajah Spain: UROVESA UK: Asquith
1982
China: Wuling Germany: Isdera Japan: Takeoka
1983
Argentina. Eniak France: Aixam Malaysia: Proton UK: Sinclair USA: Saleen
1984
China: Great Wall, Xinkai France: Microcar, Venturi UK: Ronart
1985
Italy: DR Madagascar: Karenjy UK: McLaren USA: Mosler, Saturn
1986
Australia. Bufori China: Geely, Seres Japan: Acura, Tommykaira Kenya: Nyayo Taiwan: Ta Ching
1987
Mexico: Mastretta
1988
China: BeiBen, Foday, King Long, Shuanghuan Germany: Wiesmann Italy: Cizeta-Moroder (later rebranded as Cizeta)
1989
Iran: Azar Japan: Autozam, Eunos, Infiniti, Lexus New Zealand: Saker USA: Geo, NABI, Panoz
1991
Australia. Stohr
1992
China: Brilliance
1993
Malaysia: Perodua
1994
Ghana: Kantanka
1995
Australia. Jacer
1996
Australia. Bullet China: Foton
1997
1998
Australia. Puma
2001
2002
Australia: FPV
2003
China: BYD Auto United States: Tesla
2004
2005
China: Zotye
2006
China: Bestune Tunisia: Wallyscar
2007
Denmark: Zenvo United States: Atieva (later Lucid), Fisker
2008
China: Everus
2009
Croatia: Rimac United States: Rivian
2010
China: Baojun, Denza Kenya: Mobius
2014
China: Nio, XPeng Israel: City Transformer United States: Nikola
2015
China: Li Auto
United Kingdom: Charge R&D (later Arrival)
2016
Germany: Sono
Sweden: Lynk & Co
United Kingdom: INEOS Automotive
2017
China: Aion, Arcfox, Exeed, Leapmotor
United States: Canoo
Vietnam: VinFast
2018
Hong Kong: Apex
Morocco: Neo
Turkey: Togg
United States: Lordstown (later Nu Ride)
2021
Canada: Edison
China: Xiaomi Auto, Zeekr
Spain: Silence
2022
China: Omoda
Saudi Arabia: Ceer
2023
China: Fangchengbao, ICar, Jaecoo, Yangwang
2024
See also
- Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
- List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom
- List of automobile manufacturers
- List of current automobile manufacturers by country
- List of current automobile marques
- List of steam car makers
- Orphan